• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.1025-1029
• /
• 2012

Objective: To determine the killing effects on extracorporeal HepG2 cells under different temperatures, pressures of permeability and lengths of treatment time. Method: According to different temperatures, pressures of permeability and lengths of treating time, extracorporeal HepG2 cells of human hepatoma cell-line were grouped to 80 groups. Cell index (CI) as the measurement of killing effect were calculated by monotetrazolium (MTT) methods, i.e., CI =1- (the OD value in treated group - the OD value in blank control group) / (mean of untreated control group - mean of blank control group). According to the factorial design, data were fed into SPSS 10.0 and analyzed by three-way ANOVA (analysis of variance). Result: Temperature, pressure of permeability and length of treating time all had effects on the CI (cell index) level. Length of treating time was the most influential factor of the three. Additionally, any two of them all had statistically significant interactive effects on the CI level. When treated for 5-30 min, destilled water at $46^{\circ}C$ stably generated the highest CI. Conclusion: The "$46^{\circ}C$-destilled water-60 min" was considered as the optimal combination of conditions which lead to highest CI. We suggest exerting celiac lavage for 15 min with stilled water at $40^{\circ}C-43^{\circ}C$ in surgical practice as a hyperthermia treatment to achieve ideal killing effects on free cancer cells, which is feasible, practical, and clinically effective.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.181-194
• /
• 2001

Autoclaving법으로 제조한 솔잎향미유(pine needle seasoning oil, PNSO) 0~3%(w/w)와 유화제를 2:1(w/w)로 혼합하여 식염수에 용해시킨 후 이를 밀가루와 반죽하여 건면을 제조하였다. PNSO 처리량이 증가할수록 수분흡수율, 부피팽창율, 고형분 용출율은 감소하였으며, 조리시간은 연장 되는 것으로 나타나 적정 처리량은 2~3%(w/w) 수준인 것으로 판명되었다. 한편, 관능검사 결과 PNSO의 처리에 따라 조리면에서 솔잎 고유의 녹색이 나타났으며, 조리면의 표면이 매끈하였고, 쫄깃쫄깃한 rheology 및 texture가 크게 개선되었다. PNSO 2%(w/w) 이상 처리군에서는 조리 후 20~30분이 경과하여도 조리면의 쫄깃쫄깃한 특성이 그대로 유지되어 식당, 단체급식소 등의 대량 취식용으로도 적합할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.157-161
• /
• 1982

The possibility of extraction of alumina from domestic Ha-dong kaolin was studied by sulfuric acid treatment. Raw kaolin was calcined at various temperature (500-110$0^{\circ}C$) and calcined kaolin were treated with sulfuric acid. The tendency of extraction yield of alpha alumina have been investigated by relating reaction time, temperature, and acid concentration. After reaction, precipitates were analyzed by DTA, TGA, and identified alpha alumina by X-ray diffractometer with calcined sample at 120$0^{\circ}C$. The results were as follows; 1. The optimum calcination temperature was 800-86$0^{\circ}C$. 2. The most suitable extracting conditions of alpha alumina were 40 wt%-$H_2SO_4$, 2-3 hours acid-treating time and 8$0^{\circ}C$ acid-treating temperature. 3. Precipitates were composed of $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, $Al_2SO_4(OH)_4$ 5-7 $H_2O$ and $Al(OH)_3$.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.172-179
• /
• 1999

In this research, biological treatability test was conduced using seawater flocculated tannery wastewater by fixed biofilm reactor. During one cycle, the removal efficiency of organic corbon obtained with fixed biofilm process for treating tannery wastewater was considerably greater than that with activated sludge process. As the hydraulic retention time increased form 0.5day to 4day, removal efficiency of organic carbon was increased from 72% to 87.3%. Attached biomass in media increased with influent organic loading up to 29g MLSS/L, that could reduce the specific organic loading rate. The continual measurement of attached biomass was possible for the operation of the biofilm reactor. Equal and low nitrication rates were observed in both suspended growth activated sludge process and fixed biofilm process, despite commercial nitrifier was seeded. Through the process of treating the tannery wastewater, EC50 values which is measured by the use of Ceriopdaphnia dubia, were decreased to the extent of 50% after treatment of seawater flocculation and of 83% after biological treatment, respectively, compared to those of the untreated wastewater.

• 산업기술연구
• /
• 제33권A호
• /
• pp.89-92
• /
• 2013

The characteristics of floc formation of the iron(Fe) ions was studied for developing the process treating the acid mine drainage. The metal ions in aqueous solution oxidized with oxygen in air, which generated hydrogen ion and lowered the pH of the aqueous solution. The iron(Fe) ions were formed into flocs by the acid-base reaction with the added $Ca(OH)_2$ for the neutralizing the solution. There were several variables affecting the formation, size and color of floc; whether air was present or not, air feeding rate, oxidizing time, concentration of $Ca(OH)_2$, the acid-base reaction time of the $iron(Fe)-Ca(OH)_2$. For proper formation of the $iron(Fe)-Ca(OH)_2$ flocs and developing the floc treating system, the control variables mentioned above should be considered.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.554-563
• /
• 2006

본 논문에서는 물리기반 모델링에서 강체로 이루어진 다관절체 충돌반응을 선형시간에 처리할 수 있는 기법을 제시한다. 다관절체의 위상과 선형방정식에서의 행렬의 특성을 이용하여, 충돌반응과정에서 핵심 요소인 선형방정식의 해를 구하는 과정을 선형시간에 처리한다. 또한, 새로운 조인트의 조건식들을 제시하여, 다양한 조인트들로 구성된 다관절체 대해서도 충돌 반응을 가능하게 한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.431-451
• /
• 2011

Time delay inevitably exists in active control systems, and it may cause the degradation of control efficiency or instability of the systems. So time delay needs to be compensated in control design in order to eliminate its negative effect on control efficiency. Today time delay in linear systems has been more studied and some treating methods had been worked out. However, there are few treating methods for time delay in nonlinear systems. In this paper, an active controller for a nonlinear and hysteretic building structure with time delay is studied. The nonlinear and hysteretic behavior of the system is illustrated by the Bouc-Wen model. By specific transformation and augmentation of state parameters, the motion equation of the system with explicit time delay is transformed into the standard state space representation without any explicit time delay. Then the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and instantaneous optimal control method are applied to the controller design with time delay. Finally, numerical simulations and comparisons of an eight-story building using the proposed time-delay controller are carried out. Simulation results indicate that the control performance will deteriorate if time delay is not taken into account in the control design. The simulations also prove the proposed time delay controller in this paper can not only effectively compensate time delay to get better control effectiveness, but also work well with both small and large time delay problems.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제11권8호
• /
• pp.239-246
• /
• 2011

한국에서 변사자 처리의 문제점은 변사체를 가장 먼저 접촉하고 실제 검시업무를 주도적으로 담당하는 일선 사법경찰관들이 비전문가로 인하여 사망에 대한 정확한 사인분석이 어렵다는 것이다. 이는 때로는 살인자에게 면죄부를 주어 억울한 희생자를 만들어 낼 수 있다는 점에서 변사자 초기대응에 대한 경찰의 활동은 반드시 개선되어야 한다. 이에 대한 방안으로 우리나라와 유사한 구조를 가지는 대륙법계에의 일본경찰제도를 중심으로 살펴보고 이를 바탕으로 한국경찰의 변사자 대응에 대한 시사점을 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사체취급업무의 제도를 강화해야 한다. 형사조사관 제도를 도입하여 형사조사관, 형사조사관보조를 양성하고 사체의 사인규명에 대한 검시제도를 강화해야 한다. 둘째, 사체취급업무에 종사하는 경찰관에 대한 교육을 강화해야 한다. 셋째, 사체취급업무와 관련한 기자재를 확보해야 한다. 사체취급현장에서 신속히 자 타살을 판단하기 위한 기자재 등을 적극적으로 확보할 수 있도록 예산을 확보해야 한다.

• 한국주조공학회지
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.2-15
• /
• 1982

In this study, the influenced of graphite shape on the boriding of cast iron and boride structure was investigated. Gray cast iron, ferritic and pearlitic ductile cast iron were borided at 750,850,900 and $950^{\circ}C$ for 1,3 and 5 hours by powder pack method with the mixture of $B_4C_9\;Na_2B_4O_7$, $KBF_4$ and Shc. The boride layer was consisted of FeB(little), $Fe_2B$ (main) and graphite. Some possibility of the existence of unknown Fe-B-C compound in the boride layer was suggested. And precipitates in the diffusion zone was $Fe_3(B,C)$. The concentration of Si and precipitation of $Fe_3(B,C)$ in the ${\alpha}$ layer raised the hardness of this Zone. The depth and hardness of boride layer increased with the increase of treating temperature and tim. But high temperature (over $950^{\circ}C)$ caused pore at graphite position and long treating time (5hrs) sometimes caused formation of graphite layer beneath the boride layer. So, for the practical application of borided cast iron, treating in short time and at low temperature was recommended. And for ductile cast iron, ferritizing or pearlitizing heat treatment was seemmed to be possible at the same time with boriding. The graphite in the boride layer was deeply concerned with the qualitx and characteristics of the boride layer. And it greatly influenced on the shape of the boride phase, structure of the boride layer. Generally speaking, the existance of graphite restrained the growth of the boride phase. But the boundary between the gsaphite and the matrix acted as the shortcut of boron diffusion. So, for gray cast iron, the graphite layed length-wise led the formation of boride layer.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.7-17
• /
• 1991

The feasibility of treating three softwood(Japanese larch pitch pine, and Korean pine) thinned logs by double-diffusion treatment processes was investigated. Some posts were incised before immersion, and others were imersed in hot copper sulfate solution. Comparison among species indicated that. in general, pitch pine was most treatable and Japanese larch least treatable. For all three species, almost all treatment schedules gave consistently good penetration and high net retention, but very steep gradient of preservative distribution. As expected, the treatability was increased by the extension of immersion time, increased concentration of treating solution, incising. and heating of the first solution. Of the variables tested, it appears that heating of the first solution is the most important. From the data in this paper, it may be concluded that, if the first solution is not heated, the best schedule is #3. If the first solution is healed. it appears the best schedules are #10 or #11. Since heating of the first solution improves the treatability. schedules # 10 or :#11 are recommended if the cost of heating might be justified. The data presented in this paper indicate that double-diffusion treatment processes seem to offer a promise as a comparatively effective and easy-operating method of treating thinned logs for the small-scale production of treated stock.