• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.252-261
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• 2014

Marine casualties originated from fishing vessel occupied about 70% of the whole marine casualties in Korea from 2001 to 2010, this ratio was not much changed as it was before. Therefore a pragmatic counterplan to decrease of casualties in fishing vessel is indispensable for reduction of the nationwide marine casualties. But since the casualties occurred by fishing vessel may have a different causes and counterplan according to the operating type of it, in this paper, fishing vessels classified into 12 types by operating method and inspected the causes and counterplan for that. The operating type of fishing vessel occurred the specific casualties more were jig boat in collisions and fire explosion, trap fishing boat, mixed fishing boats and inshore gill netter in collisions, stow netter in machinery damages and capsizing, offshore gill netter in machinery damages, fish carrier in collisions. It must be emphasized that the higher ranked types of vessels, especially jig boat have to take special care to the approaching vessels under way, trap fishing boat to rear look out and mixed fishing boat must keep on safety speed and be taken an education for advance the skill of operating radar as well. For all 12 types of fishing vessel, it is necessary for an operator to make strict precaution on the other vessel under way systematically and keep the regulation for preventing collisions, and for an engineer on watch to make a check the electricity and the engines periodically for reduction the fire explosion and machinery damages.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.822-827
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• 2000

The Si-SiO$_2$interface trap and nitride bulk trap distribution of SONOSFET(polysilicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor) NVSM (nonvolatile semiconductor memory) cell is investigated by single junction charge pumping method. The device was fabricated by 0.35㎛ standard logic fabrication process including the ONO stack dielectrics. The thickness of ONO dielectricis are 24$\AA$ for tunnel oxide, 74 $\AA$ for nitride and 25 $\AA$ for blocking oxide, respectively. By the use of single junction charge pumping method, the lateral profiles of both interface and memory traps can be calculated directly from experimental charge pumping results without complex numerical simulation. The interface traps were almost uniformly distributed over the whole channel region and its maximum value was 7.97$\times$10$\^$10/㎠. The memory traps were uniformly distributed in the nitride layer and its maximum value was 1.04$\times$10$\^$19/㎤. The degradation characteristics of SONOSFET with write/erase cycling also were investigated.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.360-369
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• 2012

The causes of showing different subthreshold slopes (SS) in programmed and erased states for two different charge trap flash (CTF) memory devices, SONOS type flash memory with gate-all-around (GAA) structure and TANOS type NAND flash memory with planar structure were investigated. To analyze the difference in SSs, TCAD simulation and low-frequency noise (LFN) measurement were fulfilled. The device simulation was performed to compare SSs considering the gate electric field effect to the channel and to check the localized trapped charge distribution effect in nitride layer while the comparison of noise power spectrum was carried out to inspect the generation of interface traps ($N_{IT}$). When each cell in the measured two memory devices is erased, the normalized LFN power is increased by one order of magnitude, which is attributed to the generation of $N_{IT}$ originated by the movement of hydrogen species ($h^*$) from the interface. As a result, the SS is degraded for the GAA SONOS memory device when erased where the $N_{IT}$ generation is a prominent factor. However, the TANOS memory cell is relatively immune to the SS degradation effect induced by the generated $N_{IT}$.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2008

The performance of Lean NOx Trap (LNT) based on the catalysts of Pt/K/Ba/$\gamma-Al_2O_3$ with proprietary washcoat formulation is studied using a bench flow reactor system. To investigate the effect of temperature and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) on the nitrogen oxides (NOx) trapping capacity as well as NOx breakthrough time and final ratio of $NO_2$ to NO of LNT, series of adsorption isotherms are carried out with simulated exhaust gases of the lean burn engines. Since typical operation of LNT requires periodic regeneration with a short rich excursion, where the stored or trapped NOx is released and subsequently reduced to $N_2$, the effect of the duration of lean and rich phase and type of reductants on the NOx conversion is investigated. NOx storage capacity and breakthrough time obtained from adsorption isotherms shows a volcano-type dependence on the temperature with a maximum NOx storage capacity occurring $350^{\circ}C$ and with a maximum breakthrough time occurring $400^{\circ}C$ at all GHSVs investigated in this study. Also, maximum ratio of $NO_2$ to NO is obtained at $400^{\circ}C$ with a GHSV of $75,000\;hr^{-1}$ Lean/rich cycle of 100 s lean and 5 s rich used with a concentration of 1.33% of $H_2$ and 4% of CO in the rich phase is found to be optimum at operating temperature of $350^{\circ}C$ and a GHSV of $50,000\;hr^{-1}$.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2009

In this paper, Thin films of $HfO_2$/Hf were deposited on p-type wafer by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). We studied the electrical and material characteristics of $HfO_2$/Hf/Si MOS capacitor depending on thickness of Hf metal layer. $HfO_2$ films were deposited using TEMAH and $O_3$ at $350^{\circ}C$. Samples were then annealed using furnace heating to $500^{\circ}C$. Round-type MOS capacitors have been fabricated on Si substrates with $2000\;{\AA}$-thick Pt top electrodes. The composition rate of the dielectric material was analyzed using TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction) and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). Also the capacitance-voltage (C-V), conductance-voltage (G-V), and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics were measured. We calculated the density of oxide trap charges and interface trap charges in our MOS device. At the interface between $HfO_2$ and Si, both Hf-Si and Hf-Si-O bonds were observed, instead of Si-O bond. The sandwiched Hf metal layer suppressed the growing of $SiO_x$ layer so that $HfSi_xO_y$ layer was achieved. And finally, the generation of both oxide trap charge and interface trap charge in $HfO_2$ film was reduced effectively by using Hf metal layer.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2020

This study is on the injection molding analysis for the LED outdoor lighting top cover of one heat sink body type structure. Thermoplastic and thermosetting resins were applied to compare the thermal properties during the injection molding process. The thermoplastic resin is used in this study due to special characteristics that it is light, good strength and dose long not transmute quality even if pass long time. The thermosetting resin is applied to this study due to good in strength, lightweight and excellent etc, thermal conductivity. This study presented a preliminary analysis of fill time, weld line, air trap etc. for the injection molding process of LED lamp cover and body through simulation using Moldflow. As a result of the study, it was selected HTM-102 material because the thermosetting resin has excellent strength and heat conductivity.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.411-419
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• 2012

톱다리개미허리노린재 (Riptortus pedestris) 상용 집합페로몬을 이용하여 포획할 때 유인되어지는 거리를 규명하고 이를 이용한 대량포획으로 콩 피해 경감 효과를 조사하였다. 집합페로몬 트랩의 재포획 비율은 최초 방사 지점에서 40 m 이내의 트랩에서는 전체 재포획 개체의 76.1%, 80 m 이내에서는 89.0%가 포획 되었으며, 트랩 설치 방위 간에 재포획 개체수는 큰 차이가 없었다. 대량 포획을 통한 피해 경감 효과를 알아보기 위해 집합페로몬 트랩을 농가 포장에 설치한 결과, 트랩수가 증가 할수록 톱다리개미허리노린재 총 포획수는 직선적으로 증가하였다. 페로몬 트랩 당 포획 할당 면적이 $770m^2$인 포장에서 10주당 수량이 261.8 g 으로 가장 높았으나, 트랩 당 할당 면적과 수량과의 관계에는 일정한 경향이 없었다. 트랩 당 포획 할당 면적에 따른 종자 형태 비율은 트랩 당 포획 할당 면적이 $385m^2$와 $770m^2$인 포장에서 건전한 A형 종자의 비율이 62% 근처로 높았고 약한 피해립인 B형 종자의 비율이 27% 근처로 가장 낮았다. 톱다리개미허리노린재 집합페로몬 트랩을 이용한 피해 경감 효과는 포장 면적 $385{\sim}770m^2$ 당 1개를 포장 주변에 적절히 설치 운용 한다면 건전립의 비율을 높이고 약한 피해립의 비율을 어느 정도 감소시킬 수 있는 수단으로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2018

In this work, we investigate the effects of lithium doping on the electric performance of solution-processed n-type zinc tin oxide (ZTO)/p-type silicon carbide (SiC) heterojunction diode structures. The proper amount of lithium doping not only affects the carrier concentration and interface quality but also influences the temperature sensitivity of the series resistance and activation energy. We confirmed that the device characteristics vary with lithium doping at concentrations of 0, 10, and 20 wt%. In particular, the highest rectification ratio of $1.89{\times}107$ and the lowest trap density of $4.829{\times}1,022cm^{-2}$ were observed at 20 wt% of lithium doping. Devices at this doping level showed the best characteristics. As the temperature was increased, the series resistance value decreased. Additionally, the activation energy was observed to change with respect to the component acting on the trap. We have demonstrated that lithium doping is an effective way to obtain a higher performance ZTO-based diode.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 1970

흰불나방의 성간성유인, Trap형의 개발, 일영에 따른 성유인의 변화, 교미후 성유인력의 감퇴 및 유인시각들에 관한 실험을 행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 암놈에 대해서 숫놈은 유인되나 숫놈에 대하여 암놈은 유인되지 않았다. 2. Trap A형(직경 10cm, 높이 11.5cm원통형분유통 양쪽에 직경 4.8cm의 둥근 구멍을 만들고 통내부에 토양점차제를 바른것) 이 가장 유인효과가 좋았다. 3. 암놈의 성유인력은 우화후 4일까지 계속되나 1-2일에 가장 유인력이 컸으며 일영이 진행됨에 따라 유인력이 감소하였다. 우화후 2일까지 전체 유인율은 $84.2\%$이었다. 4. 교미후 암놈의 성유인력은 급격히 감소하는데 그 유인율은 미교미한 암놈 $80.5\%$에 대하여 교미한 것은 $19.5\%$에 불과하였다. 5, 흰불나방의 성유인은 오전 3-7시에 일어나는데 유인최성시각은 오전 4-6시로서 약 $98\%$가 이 시각에 유인되었다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

Present study was conducted to improve the spring frame net trap for conger eel, Conger myriaster which prevents by-catch and protects immature fish. A series of comparative fishing experiment was carried out in water off the south-east coast of Korea from Nov. 2004 to Jul. 2005. And analyzed the amount of catch, by-catch rate, and CPUE, etc. of experimental traps which were the spring frame net traps, sorted four types of flappers. And the compared gear was a plastic conger eel pot. The conclusions were as follows. By-catch rates of spring frame net trap with the compressed flapper bound by nylon mono-filament was about 0-3%. CPUE of spring frame net trap with the compressed flapper was about 50-60% lower than that of traditional and plastic pot. And in case of conger eel that the total length is over 350mm, CPUE was little different on each type of flapper of every mesh size.