• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.40 no.5_6
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• pp.933-947
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• 2022

In this research, we presented the type 2 fuzzy transportation problem with additional constraints and solved by our proposed genetic algorithm model, and the results are verified using the softwares, genetic algorithm tool in Matlab and Lingo. The goal of our approach is to minimize the cost in solving a transportation problem with an additional constraint (TPAC) using the genetic algorithm (GA) based type 2 fuzzy parameter. We reduced the type 2 fuzzy set (T₂FS) into a type 1 fuzzy set (T₁FS) using a critical value-based reduction method (CVRM). Also, we use the centroid method (CM) to obtain the corresponding crisp value for this reduced fuzzy set. To achieve the best solution, GA is applied to TPAC in type 2 fuzzy parameters. A real-life situation is considered to illustrate the method.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.352-358
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• 2010

When the Trans-Korea Railway (Gyeong-eui Line and Dong-hae Line) initiative is completed, Korea will become one of the major trading partners of Russia through the Trans-Siberian Railway (TSR). This will be an opportunity for Korea to take-off to a 'Traffic and Logistics Center in 21st Century. The opening of the Eurasia Continental Railway will provideKorea with the opportunity to develop into the logistics center of Asia-Pacific area and the benefit of reduced cost of unification by improving the correlation between South and North Korea through the cooperation in railway business. However, there exist the uncertainties for its demand and innovative reduction in transportation time and cost, due to the practical problems including economic efficiency and transportation technology. In this paper, the practical problems of TSR are discussed in the economic and social perspectives to develop the methodology for the Korea-Russia railway cooperation and for the improvement of the competitive power of TSR.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.570-582
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• 2017

In recent years, national and local government's air quality management and climate change adaptation policy has been significantly strengthened. The measures in the two policies may be in a relationship of trade-off or synergy to each other. Greenhouse gases and air pollutants are mostly emitted from the same sources of using considerable amounts of fossil fuels. Co-benefits, in which either measure has a positive effect on the other, may be maximized by reducing the social costs and by consolidating the objectives of the various policies. In this study, the co-benefits were examined by empirically analyzing the effects of air pollutants and greenhouse gas emission reduction, social cost, and cost effectiveness between the two policies. Of the total 80 projects, the next 12 projects generated co-benefits. They are 1) extend restriction area of solid fuel use, 2) expand subsidy of low-$NO_x$ burner, 3) supply hybrid-vehicles, 4) supply electric-vehicles, 5) supply hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, 6) engine retrofit, 7) scrappage of old car, 8) low emission zone, 9) transportation demand management, 10) supply land-based electric of ship, 11) switching anthracite to clean fuel in private sector, 12) expand regional combined-energy supply. The benefits of air pollutants and greenhouse gas-related measures were an annual average of KRW 2,705.4 billion. The social benefits of the transportation demand management were the highest at an annual average of KRW 890.7 billion, and followed by scrappage of old cars and expand regional combined-energy supply. When the social benefits and the annual investment budgets are compared, the cost effectiveness ratio is estimated to be about 3.8. Overall, the reduction of air pollutants caused by the air quality management policy of Gyeonggi-do resulted in an annual average of KRW 4,790.2 billion. In the point sources management sector, the added value of $CO_2$ reduction increased by 4.8% to KRW 1,062.8 billion, while the mobile sources management sector increased by 3.6% to KRW 3,414.1 billion. If social benefits from $CO_2$ reduction are added, the annual average will increase by 7.2% to KRW 5,135.4 billion. The urban and energy management sectors have shown that social benefits increase more than twice as much as the benefits of $CO_2$ reduction. This result implies that more intensive promotion of these measures are needed. This study has significance in that it presents the results of the empirical analysis of the co-benefits generated between the similar policies in the air quality management and the climate change policy which are currently being promoted in Gyeonggi-do. This study suggested that the method of analyzing the policy effect among the main policies in the climate atmospheric policy is established and the effectiveness and priority of the major policies can be evaluated through the policy correlation analysis based on the co-benefits. It is expected that it could be a basis for evaluation the efficiency of the climate change adaptation and air quality management policies implemented by the national and local governments in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 1999

Recently, much literature has surveyed the economic effects of transportation investment, focusing on the relationship between transportation infrastructure investment and economic development. Although the conventional views assume that transportation investment stimulates economic growth, the results of recent studies are not conclusive and in some cases reject the conventional views. The contradictory results are linked with double counting Problem and Keynesian/Neo-classical economics theory. This article investigates the economic effects of road transportation with regard to freight transport using Stated Preference technique. This study examines, in particular, the value of time saving for freight which has been rarely studied in this area. In the first part, the value of time saving, excluding the value for driver and operating cost, is theoretically investigated through the model of continuous review system and periodic review system. At last, the empirical study using the Seated Preference technique shows the value of time saving for freight and the value of reliability, compared with other studies and the value of those in COBA. The result makes us conclude that road investment produces the secondary effects as well as the direct benefit such as time saving for passengers, operating cost saving. and accident cost reduction. The secondary effect includes the contribution to economic development.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.401-414
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• 2012

The adoption of Green Frame is expected to provide economic benefits, since construction costs are reduced by the in-situ production of precast concrete column and beam. The cost reduction can ultimately be realized by saving transportation costs and the overhead and profit of PC plants. The cost structure of Green Frame, which is built up using composite precast concrete members, is similar to that of a bearing-wall structure, but the difference in construction process has resulted in some cost differences for a few items. In particular, production and installation is the principal work involved in Green Frame made by precast concrete members, while form and concrete work is the principal work for a bearing-wall structure. As such, the rental time and fee for a tower crane should be compared through time analysis. To verify reliability, this study focused on developed residential projects to estimate the construction costs. Through this analysis, it was found that the costs of Green Frame were 1.57% lower than the costs of bearing-wall structure. The results of this study will help in the development of a management plan for the structural work of Green Frame.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze traffic accident reduction effect of the introduction of motorcycle safety inspection. To analyze the effect of motorcycle inspection, we first estimate the number of defective motorcycles, and calculate the probability of accident occurrences caused by the defect using four year traffic accident data. Finally, we estimate the number of reduced accidents due to the introduction of the inspection and the total reduced accident cost. In this study, we analyzed three scenarios. It is analyzed that when the safety inspection system is applied to all motorcycles, 642 cases of traffic accidents and 325 million won per year of traffic accident costs are reduced. It is approximately 0.1% of 2014 total traffic accident cost of 26.5725 trillion won per year. It suggests that the cost of traffic accidents and traffic accidents due to vehicle factors are reduced when the safety inspection system is introduced.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.292-306
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• 2017

Traffic noise cost can be assessed either by the damage cost approach or by the avoidance cost method. This paper provides an overview of pertinent studies of these two approaches and shows that the damage cost approach is more universal and reliable than the avoidance cost counterpart. This study then investigated three sub-components to address the damage cost framework. First of all, unit value per person exposed to noise per year was calculated. Secondly, the area exposed to noise was determined using noise prediction equation. Thirdly, the number of people affected by noise was computed by multiplying the number of people exposed to noise with the percentage of people affected by noise. This paper also suggested a simplified equation that represents the relationship between damage costs and noise levels. Finally, the benefits of noise reduction derived from the damage cost method and those from the avoidance cost approach were compared and discussed.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.177-187
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• 2012

Design VE is a kind of contradictive administrating that pursue both value improvement and cost reduction, whereas TRIZ is a method used to solve contradiction based on its invention principal. This paper comprehended the problems regarding the object through design VE using function analysis, and presented a number of methods to solve this by using the principal of TRIZ. This study compared the characteristics of Design VE and TRIZ, and suggested a procedure that integrates both Design VE and TRIZ.

• The Journal of Information Technology and Database
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.3-24
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• 1996

In this paper a data replicator scheme with a distributed join architecture is suggested with its cost functions and the performance results. The contribution of this scheme is not only minimizing the number of base relation locks in distributed database tables but also reducing the remote transmission amount remarkably, which will be able to embellish the distributed databse system practical. The differential files that are derived from the active log of the DBMS are mainly forcing the scheme to reduce the number of base relation locks. The amount of transportation between relevant sites could be curtailed by the tuple reduction procedures. Then we prescribe an algorithm of data replicator with its cost function and show the performance results compared with the semi-join scheme in their distributed environments.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2015

Recently much research efforts have focused on how to manage carbon emissions in logistics operations. This paper formulates a model to determine an optimal shipment size with aims to minimize the total cost consisting not only of inventory and transportation costs but also cost for carbon emissions. Unlike the literature assuming carbon emission factors as a given condition, we consider the emission factors as decision variables. It is allowed to make an investment in improving carbon emission factors. The optimal investment decision is shown to be of a threshold type with respect to unit investment costs. Moreover, the findings in this work provide insights on the various elements of the investment decision and their impacts.