• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.123-140
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• 2019

This study analyzed problems of interpretive signs along Eorimok-Yeongsil Trail on Mt. Hallasan National Park, focusing on factors of distracting visitor's attention from reading and understanding the signs. Eorimok-Yeongsil Trail has a total of 86 signs, and according to their purpose and content, they are classified into thirteen general signs, sixteen location signs, nine safety signs and forty-eight interpretive signs. Interpretive signs provide visitors with information and explanations about the nature and human resources of Mt. Hallasan as well as enhancing the opportunity for self-guided interpretation. The contents of interpretive signs of Eorimok-Yeongsil Trail are composed of landscapes, flora and fauna, topography, geology, history and culture, of which 70.8% of the total are related to plants and animals. Interpretive signs on the Eorimok-Yeongsil Trail do not attract visitors' attention because of the low readability, inappropriate locations and frequent errors in translation from Korean into other languages. The causes of low readability of interpretive signs include thirty-six physically damaged and faded signs, twenty-two improper font sizes and misuse of color schemes and five unclear description signs. The reasons for the incorrect locations include twenty-two long distances from the trails, twenty-one inadequate heights and fifteen inconsistencies in descriptions and locations. Problems with English use include eight grammar and spelling errors, twenty-one incorrect translations, and twenty-six English names missing.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.121-128
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• 2024

With the recent rise in the use of AI-based online translation tools, interest in their methods and effects on education has grown. This study involved 30 prospective elementary school teachers who completed an English writing task using an AI-based online translation tool. The study focused on assessing the impact of these tools on English writing skills and their practical applications. It examined the usability, educational value, and the advantages and disadvantages of the AI translation tool. Through data collected via writing tests, surveys, and interviews, the study revealed that the use of translation tools positively affects English writing skills. From the learners' perspective, these tools were perceived to provide support and convenience for learning. However, there was also recognition of the need for educational strategies to effectively use these tools, alongside concerns about methods to enhance the completeness or accuracy of translations and the potential for over-reliance on the tools. The study concluded that for effective utilization of translation tools, the implementation of educational strategies and the role of the teacher are crucial.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.10-25
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to investigate the reality behind Jeongjo's enjoyment of the palace garden. If I were to summarize the results of this research, they are as follows: First, The 'Sanghwajoeoyeon(賞花釣魚宴)' has the differentiation which decided and regularized the rules and the regulations with the annual meetings for the Kyujanggak(奎章閣). Jeongjo had held the events five times. Second, The 'Seshimdae(洗心臺) Excursion' is based on the tragic personal history of Jeongjo. There were four events. Third, Jeongjo had enjoyed the 'viewing of the waterfall(觀瀑)' of the Okryucheon(玉流川) where a lot of the water overflows right after it rains. This is worth the special mention with regard to the point that it is a temporary landscape and not an usual landscape. Fourth, As an event for the military officers, the 'Seoljungryonghohwe(雪中龍虎會)' was held seven times. This event had been held in the middle of the winter. And each of the attendees skewered a pheasant and roasted and ate it. Also, it emphasized the sovereign and the subjects being the partners of the joys and the sorrows by giving the alcoholic drinks and the music. Fifth, Jeongjo had consoled the hard work by the civilian subjects either by holding the brazier feast(煖爐會) in the winter or by granting the alcoholic drinks and the foods according to the historical facts of the brazier feasts. Sixth, Jeongjo was good at archery and enjoyed it. During the period of his reign, Jeongjo held twice Yeonsarye(燕射禮). Seventh, Jeongjo soothed his desire to get out of the busy everyday life at the royal palace garden. While appreciating the natural landscape of the backyard, he was awakened of the meaning of the Book of Changes(周易) in which all the things had been created and changed. Eighth, At the royal palace garden, Jeongjo actively prepared the place for enjoyment by the sovereign and the subjects together. It is judged that this is because, in order to materialize his political ideals, the support by all the subjects who had been close was needed. The limitation of this research is the fact that the research had been proceeded with limited to the translations, among the many old writings related to Jeongjo. With the accumulation of the excavations of the new thoughts and of the results of the translations, the researches that are deeper will be needed.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.1 s.35
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• pp.131-151
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• 2005

This study analyzes the Textbook of Home Economics published by 'Hyun Kong-Ryeom(玄公廉)' that was the first textbook approved by the Korean Government and also disapproved by the Japanese Government. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. The Korean Government appointed the textbooks used in school. The textbooks of home economics appointed in 1910 were 'Hanmun Gajeonghak(漢文家政學)' and 'Sinpyeon Gajeonghak(新編家政學)'. But Japanese government disapproved these textbooks soon after it fully controlled Korea. 2. 'Hyun Kong-Ryeom' who published the textbook of home economics was from translator family that was famous since early Chosun Dynasty. The translator at that time with good command of foreign language introduced foreign books to the intellectuals of Chosun Dynasty. The textbook of home economics was also translated at that time. 3. 'Hanmun Gajeonghak', 'Sinpyeon Gajeonghak' and 'Sinjeong Gajeonghak(新政家政學)' published by 'Hyun Kong-Ryeom' were the translations of the same book. 'Hyun Kong-Ryeom' published the 'Hanmun Gajeonghak' written in Chinese character and 'Sinpyeon Gajeonghak' written in Korean and Chinese character in combination in December 1907, which were translations of the textbook of home economics published by 'Oh Yeo Ryoon(吳汝綸)' in China in July 1902. The textbook of 'Oh Yeo Ryoon' was the Chinese translation of the 'Sinseon Gajeonghak (新選家政學)' that was published by 'Shimoda Utako(下田歌子), in Japan in 1900. 4. The textbook of home economics written by 'Hyun Kong-Ryeom' was composed of five units, that is, general introduction, management of family members, family norms, family hygiene and home economy. The composition of the book by 'Hyun Kong-Ryeom' was quite different from that of 'Sinseon Gajeonghak' by 'Shimoda Utako'. This difference was made in the textbook of home economics of 'Oh Yeo Ryoon'. 5. The characteristics of home in the textbook of home economics by 'Hyun Kong-Ryeom' were summarized as follows. (1)Home as a national basic unit. (2)Home for education, (3)Home for rest, (4)Home for the consumption.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.34
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• pp.149-191
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• 2017

This study examines Korean language translations of traditional Chinese hansi in the 1910s and 1920s. In the $20^{th}$ century, many poets translated Chinese and Korean traditional hansi into Korean. In the early $20^{th}$ century, Korean language began to be used as a national public language. At that time, not only hansi but also poetry from several other languages had been translated into Korean. Choi Nam-sun in the 1910s and Kim So-woel, Kim Eok, and Lee Kwang-su in the 1920s translated Chinese traditional hansi, focusing on famous Dang dynasty poetry from Tu Fu and Li Bai, etc. Choi Nam-sun's translation in the 1910s aimed to consider poetry as a written literature. On the contrary, Kim So-woel, Kim Eok, and Lee Kwang-su believed that Korean modern verse literature should be songs as well as poetry, and their translations in the 1920s aimed to create songs as spoken literature by focusing on orality and universality. Though Korean is now the language, the literary history of hansi continues in modern poetry.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.63-69
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• 2020

Image-image translation is a technology that creates a target image through input images, and has recently shown high performance in creating a more realistic image by utilizing GAN, which is a non-map learning structure. Therefore, there are various studies on image-to-image translation using GAN. At this point, most image-to-image translations basically target one attribute translation. But the data used and obtainable in real life consist of a variety of features that are hard to explain with one feature. Therefore, if you aim to change multiple attributes that can divide the image creation process by attributes to take advantage of the various attributes, you will be able to play a better role in image-to-image translation. In this paper, we propose Multi CycleGAN, a dual attribute transformation structure, by utilizing CycleGAN, which showed high performance among image-image translation structures using GAN. This structure implements a dual transformation structure in which three domains conduct two-way learning to learn about the two properties of an input domain. Experiments have shown that images through the new structure maintain the properties of the input area and show high performance with the target properties applied. Using this structure, it is possible to create more diverse images in the future, so we can expect to utilize image generation in more diverse areas.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.91-111
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• 2016

It is crucial for the social media based marketing practices to perform sentiment analyze the unstructured data written by the potential consumers of their products and services. In particular, when it comes to the companies which are interested in global business, the companies must collect and analyze the data from the social media of multinational settings (e.g. Youtube, Instagram, etc.). In this case, since the texts are multilingual, they usually translate the sentences into a certain target language before conducting sentiment analysis. However, due to the lack of cultural differences and highly qualified data dictionary, translated sentences suffer from misunderstanding the true meaning. These result in decreasing the quality of sentiment analysis. Hence, this study aims to propose a method to perform a multilingual sentiment analysis, focusing on Korean-Chinese cases, while avoiding language translations. To show the feasibility of the idea proposed in this paper, we compare the performance of the proposed method with those of the legacy methods which adopt language translators. The results suggest that our method outperforms in terms of RMSE, and can be applied by the global business institutions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.831-842
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• 1997

The purpose of the study was to test the reliability and validity of the Korean version of Task Self-Efficacy Scale for activities of dally living (ADL). The Task Self-Efficacy Scale was developed by Roberts(1996) for low-intensity exercise study with older people to predict their performance of ADL. The scale was translated and back translated by bilingual persons, and then was modified to resolve variations in the translations. The Korean version of Self-Efficacy Scale for ADL was then administered to 193 elderly people including 95 hospitalized patients and 98 outpatients or healthy people. Face to face interview was used to fill out the structured questionnaire, and each interview took approximately 30 minutes. The subjects for the study were 80 women and 112 men with an age range of 65 to 95 years(M=71 years) of whom 82.6% classified themselves as moderate or quite active Most subjects(80.2%) had an education level of elementary school or less. The Self-Efficacy Scale for ADL is measured on a 0 to 10 VAS, assessing three areas of ADL : self care activities, household tasks, and motor tasks. The higher the score is, the higher person's confidence in performing ADL. Psychometric testing revealed that the scale was found to be internally consistent, showing a Cronbach's alpha of .97 The scale was significantly correlated with subjects' level of activity and subjective assessment of their health status. Moderate correlation with health-related hardiness scale also supported the validity. Factor analysis was performed to confirm whether the scale represents the three sub-areas as suggested in the literature. The results of the factor analysis led to a three factor solution according to Kaiser's criterion, but the items were not strongly and cleanly loaded for the third factor. This can be explained in that, among the three sub-ADL areas of the self-efficacy scale, the areas of self care activities and household tasks seem to have similar levels of difficulty in performance with not enough differences for the self-efficacy scale to distinguish between the two areas. Therefore, one factor solution was suggested since ADL can be seen as a unit of activities at similar level of difficulty in performance. One factor solution explained 68.1% of variance of the 19-item scale and all items were correlated over .6 with the factor, showing that the selected factor solution fits the model. The results indicated that the Korean version of Task Self-Efficacy Scale for ADL was reliable and valid in producing useful information to evaluate the effects of various interventions toward promoting health and quality of life for elderly people.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.153-165
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• 2018

There must be a balanced development of both conglomerates and small and mid-sized companies in order to secure constant economic growth and competitive edge of South Korea. Accordingly, high expectations are being placed on win-win growth and joint overseas expansion of conglomerates and small and mid-sized companies. This study seeks efficient ways to promote joint overseas expansion of major retailers and small and mid-sized companies considering the distinctiveness of home shopping by conducting interviews about joint overseas expansion of home shopping companies and small and mid-sized consumer goods companies in South Korea. To do this, interviews were conducted with three home shopping companies and three consumer goods SMEs operating in overseas markets. The results are as follows. Home shopping companies contribute to opening up overseas markets for small and mid-sized consumer goods companies, and allows them to make use of business and marketing competencies that they lack. Home shopping companies also produce visual materials or provide language translations, and help draw up documents for customs clearance in trading. They also form market development teams and provide information about the overseas markets. However, since the actual benefits from joint overseas expansion are minor for home shopping companies, there is a need for a strategy for win-win growth of both parties in the long run. To this end, it is necessary to provide substantial benefits to encourage joint overseas expansion. Ultimately, balanced development between home shopping companies and small- and medium-sized consumer goods companies should be promoted.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 2018

Purpose: To investigate set-up errors, suggest the adequate planning target volume (PTV) margin and image-guided radiotherapy frequency in head and neck (H&N) cancer treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) assessed by kV cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: We analyzed 360 CBCTs in 60 patients with H&N cancer treated with IMRT. The target delineation was contoured according to ICRU62. PTVs were generated by adding a 3-5 mm margin in all directions to the respective clinical target volumes. The kV CBCT images were obtained at first three days of irradiation and weekly thereafter. The overall mean displacement, range, systematic (${\Sigma}$) and random (${\sigma}$) errors were calculated. Adequate PTV margins were calculated according to the van Herk formula ($2.5{\Sigma}+0.7r$). Results: The mean of set-up errors was less than 2 mm in any direction. The overall frequency of set-up displacements greater than 3 mm was 3.9% in medial-lateral (ML) direction, 8% in superior-inferior (SI) direction, and 15.5% in anterior-posterior (AP) direction. The range of translations shifts was 0-9 mm in ML direction, 0-5 mm in SI direction and 0-10 mm in AP direction, respectively. After systematic set-up errors correction, the adequate margin to overcome the problem of set-up errors was found to be less than 3 mm. Conclusion: Image-guided kV CBCT was effective for the evaluation of set-up accuracy in H&N cancer. The kV CBCT at first three fractions and followed-by weekly appears adequate for reducing significantly set-up errors in H&N cancer treated with IMRT technique. Finally, 3-5 mm PTV margins appear adequate and safe to overcome the problem of set-up errors.