• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.235-239
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• 1998

Warfarin sodium is a widely used oral anticoagulant and it sometimes causes hemorrhage in various sites such as traumatic or operative wounds, urologic organs, gastrointesitnal tract and subcutaneous tissues. Warfarin induced hemorrhage in upper respiratory tract causing upper airway obstruction is extremely rare. Despite the life-threatening nature of this complication, the symptoms are obscure like sore throat or hoarseness, suggesting infection and early diagnosis can be delayed. Careful medical history is emphasized When bleeding is observed, the patient should be admitted for close observation and prompt treatment. Recently we have exrperienced a case of laryngeal and upper tracheal submucosal hemorrhage induced by long term warfarin in 64 years old mm. We described the case with a review of the literature.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.245-252
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• 2019

This paper describes the potential oral complications in preterm infants who have undergone orotracheal intubation. Neonatal intubation may have adverse effects on the developing deciduous teeth, oral soft tissues, and even the permanent teeth. However, endotracheal intubation may be essential for the survival of premature infants, owing to incomplete tracheal development. Excessive pressure to the oral tissue must be avoided, in cases where orotracheal intubation is inevitable. Moreover, the potential oral complications must be considered when neonatal intubation is performed for the patient's survival, and subsequent reevaluation and proper oral health care are needed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.254-259
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• 2021

Two cases of sudden death without clinical signs in a four-month-old female Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) and sixteen-month-old female Holstein (Bos taurus taurus) were investigated. Severe pneumonia and septicemia were found on postmortem examination. Petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages were present in the subcutaneous tissues of the neck region. The lungs remained expanded without collapsing, and the mediastinal lymph nodes were enlarged. A significant number of hemorrhagic bubbles were present in the tracheal lumen. On histopathology, the alveolar blood vessels were moderately congested, and inflammatory cells and multinucleated syncytial cells were found in the alveolar space. The pathogen isolated from the lesion was identified as Bibersteinia trehalosi using MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA gene and sodA gene sequence analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. trehalosi infection in cattle in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.318-326
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• 1999

Respiratory pathogenic effects of several porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) isolates were examined in swine tracheal ring(STR) cultures by examining their effect on ciliary activity. One high and one low pathogenic PRRSV isolates were then selected and their pathogenicity investigated in 3-week-old conventional PRRSV-seronegative pigs. Ten pigs each were inoculated intranasally with the high or low pathogenic PRRSV isolate and 6 pigs were sham inoculated as negative controls. Two pigs each from the inoculated group and one pig each from negative control group were killed on 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days postinoculation(pI). At necropsy, degrees of gross lung lesion was determined. Turbinate, tonsil, trachea and lung samples were collected for virus isolation or histopathology. Gross lung lesions were observed mainly on 14 days PI with high and low pathogenic isolates inducing moderate diffuse and mild gross lung lesions, respectively. Inoculation of either the high or low pathogenic virus resulted in loss of cilia in ciliated epithelium of turbinates and trachea between 7 and 28 days PI. High pathogenic virus caused increased number of Goblet cells in the tracheal epithelial layer between 4 and 21 days PI whereas the low pathogenic virus did it between 14 and 28 days PI and with a lesser degree. Although both viruses produced interstitial pneumonia, the lesion was less severe with the low pathogenic virus. The isolation of high pathogenic virus from tissues and sera was earlier and more consistent than that of the low pathogenic virus. The agreement between in vitro and in vivo tests indicates that STR cultures may be used as a routine method to determine the respiratory pathogenicity of PRRSV isolates.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.73.1-73.16
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• 2023

Background: Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) is considered a global threat to both human health and the poultry industry. MicroRNAs (miRNA) can modulate the immune system by affecting gene expression patterns in HPAIV-infected chickens. Objectives: To gain further insights into the role of miRNAs in immune responses against H5N1 infection, as well as the development of strategies for breeding disease-resistant chickens, we characterized miRNA expression patterns in tracheal tissues from H5N1-infected Ri chickens. Methods: miRNAs expression was analyzed from two H5N1-infected Ri chicken lines using small RNA sequencing. The target genes of differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were predicted using miRDB. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis were then conducted. Furthermore, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we validated the expression levels of DE miRNAs (miR-22-3p, miR-146b-3p, miR27b-3p, miR-128-3p, miR-2188-5p, miR-451, miR-205a, miR-203a, miR-21-3p, and miR-200a3p) from all comparisons and their immune-related target genes. Results: A total of 53 miRNAs were significantly expressed in the infection samples of the resistant compared to the susceptible line. Network analyses between the DE miRNAs and target genes revealed that DE miRNAs may regulate the expression of target genes involved in the transforming growth factor-beta, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways, all of which are related to influenza A virus progression. Conclusions: Collectively, our results provided novel insights into the miRNA expression patterns of tracheal tissues from H5N1-infected Ri chickens. More importantly, our findings offer insights into the relationship between miRNA and immune-related target genes and the role of miRNA in HPAIV infections in chickens.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 1990

To investigate the pathway of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus(NPV) of Bombyx mori in early stage infection of 2nd instar larva, the larval tissues were observed under electron microscope at interval of 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after virus inoculation. The results are as follows. 1. The intact and enveloped nucleocapsids released from the polyhedra protein in the gut lumen apparently entered with the microvilli. 2. Virus progenies were observed in columnar cell nuclei 24 hours after inoculation, but polyhedra was not seen. The enveloped virus was observed in some of the intercellular spaces between mid-gut cells. 3. Many enveloped virus particles appeared in the basement membrane. These enveloped virus particles passed the basement membrane and gathered at blood cells in heomocoeal. 4. The NPV muliplicates in nuclei of the blood cells and the tracheal cells normally.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.8 s.265
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• pp.643-647
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• 2006

Congenital tracheomalacia associated esophageal atresia is a rare foregut anomaly. We report a case of 40-day old male infant with tracheomalacia who has undergone repair of esophageal atresia at his age of 1 day. The patient had progressive dyspnea and stridor after repair of esophageal atresia. His 3-dimensional chest computed tomography showed severe stenosis at the middle of trachea. We underwent resection and end-to-end anastomosis under cardiopulmonary bypass. Histologic examination revealed esophageal tissues indicating congenital origin as well as no cartilage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.28-30
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• 2008

The problem of voice restoration after total laryngectomy has existed ever since Billroth's first total laryngectomy in 1873. Since then, all the efforts to restore the voice was tried to divert the tracheal air to the pharynx to produce voice, which became the tracheo-esophageal shunt voice currently used. With the intact pharyngoesophagus, however, there are two basic options for speech rehabilitation : the artificial larynx and esophageal voice. The artificial larynx is an electrically driven buzzer or a sound transducer and its most common type is placed against a supple point on patient's neck and introduces a mechanical sound into the tissues and air spaces of the neck. This sound, emanating form the mouth, is articulated by the intact structures of the remaining vocal tract as understandable speech. Esophageal voice is a commonly recommended method for alaryngeal speech rehabilitation, which can be successfully done by regurgitating the air stored in the esophagus. Successful esophageal voice is preferable to the artificial larynx but, most patients usually adapt only one of those methods according to their needs and feasibility to learn.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.243-250
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• 2018

Because of its embryonic origin, the thyroid gland is predisposed to multiple anatomical variations and developmental anomalies. These include the pyramidal lobe, the origin of levator glandular thyroidae, the absence of the isthmus, ectopic thyroid, accessory thyroid tissues, etc. These anatomical variations are clinically significant to surgeons, anatomists, and researchers. The present study was designed to report anatomical variations and developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland in Ethiopian population. The study was conducted on 40 cadavers used for routine dissection classes. The thyroid gland was exposed and observed for any variations and developmental anomalies. The length, width, and thickness of the lobes were measured using a vernier caliper. Differences in the incidence of pyramidal lobe and absence of the isthmus between sexes were tested using a Pearson chi-square test. The mean length, width, and thickness of the right lobe were 4.24 cm, 1.8 cm, and 1.6 cm, respectively, whereas it was 4.08 cm, 1.8 cm, and 1.6 cm, respectively for that of the left lobe. The pyramidal lobe was noted in 52.5% of the cadavers. The levator glandulae thyroidae were prevalent in 40% of the cadavers. The isthmus mainly overlies the 2nd to 4th tracheal rings and was absent in 7.5% of the cadavers. Accessory thyroid tissue and double pyramidal lobes were noted in 2.5% of the cadavers. Most of the variations of the thyroid gland were seen frequently in female but it was not statically significant. Different clinically important and rare variations of the thyroid gland were found.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2008

In a search for new molecular pathways associated with asthma, we performed an mRNA differential display analysis using total RNA extracted from the tracheal tissues of ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged mice and sham controls. cDNAs corresponding to mRNAs for which expression levels were altered by OVA-challenge were isolate and sequenced. Twenty-eight genes differentially expressed in sham and OVA challenged mice were identified. A GenBank BLAST homology search revealed that they were related to cytoskeleton remodeling, transcription, protein synthesis and modification, energy production, and cell growth and differentiation. Two were selected for further characterization. Up-regulation of both the perinatal skeletal myosin heavy chain (skMHC) and fast skeletal muscle myosin light chain (skMLC) genes was confirmed by RT-PCR of trachea tissue from OVA challenged mice. Overexpression of skMLC protein was observed in the smooth muscle layers of OVA-challenged mice by immunohistochemistry, and the surface areas stained with skMLC antibody increased in the OVA-challenged mice. The overexpression of skMLC in murine asthma may be associated with the changes of bronchial smooth muscle.