Journal of Veterinary Science

The Korean Society of Veterinary Science (대한수의학회)
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Analysis of miRNA expression in the trachea of Ri chicken infected with the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus

  • Suyeon Kang (Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Thi Hao Vu (Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Jubi Heo (Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Chaeeun Kim (Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Hyun S. Lillehoj (Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture) ;
  • Yeong Ho Hong (Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University)
  • Received : 2023.05.27
  • Accepted : 2023.08.17
  • Published : 2023.09.30
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Abstract

Background: Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) is considered a global threat to both human health and the poultry industry. MicroRNAs (miRNA) can modulate the immune system by affecting gene expression patterns in HPAIV-infected chickens. Objectives: To gain further insights into the role of miRNAs in immune responses against H5N1 infection, as well as the development of strategies for breeding disease-resistant chickens, we characterized miRNA expression patterns in tracheal tissues from H5N1-infected Ri chickens. Methods: miRNAs expression was analyzed from two H5N1-infected Ri chicken lines using small RNA sequencing. The target genes of differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were predicted using miRDB. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis were then conducted. Furthermore, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we validated the expression levels of DE miRNAs (miR-22-3p, miR-146b-3p, miR27b-3p, miR-128-3p, miR-2188-5p, miR-451, miR-205a, miR-203a, miR-21-3p, and miR-200a3p) from all comparisons and their immune-related target genes. Results: A total of 53 miRNAs were significantly expressed in the infection samples of the resistant compared to the susceptible line. Network analyses between the DE miRNAs and target genes revealed that DE miRNAs may regulate the expression of target genes involved in the transforming growth factor-beta, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways, all of which are related to influenza A virus progression. Conclusions: Collectively, our results provided novel insights into the miRNA expression patterns of tracheal tissues from H5N1-infected Ri chickens. More importantly, our findings offer insights into the relationship between miRNA and immune-related target genes and the role of miRNA in HPAIV infections in chickens.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors thank the Department of Biochemistry and Immunology Laboratory of the National Institute of Veterinary Research, Vietnam, for conducting the animal experiments described in this study.

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