• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2022

The head louse Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer) is a hematophagous ectoparasite that inhabits the human scalp. The infestations are asymptomatic; however, skin irritation from scratching occasionally may cause secondary bacterial infections. The present study determined the presence and frequency of the knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation T929I in 245 head lice collected from Mexico, Peru, and Canada. Head lice were collected manually using a comb in the private head lice control clinic. Allele mutation at T9291 was present in 100% of the total sampled populations (245 lice) examined. In addition, 4.89% of the lice were homozygous susceptible, whereas 6.93% heterozygous and 88.16% homozygous were resistant, respectively. This represents the second report in Mexico and Quebec and fist in Lima.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1996

피부 T 세포림프종에 대하여 4MeV 의 전자선으로 전 피부 방사선 조사를 시행하였다. 피부전체의 균일한 선량분포를 위하여 스탠포드대학의 방법으로 알려져 있는 six dual field 기법을 사용하였다. SSD 는 390cm로 하였으며 방사선 조사시의 gantry 의 각은 환자의 중심을 지나는 수평축에 대하여 상ㆍ하로 14$^{\circ}$가 되도록 하였다. 전자콘을 설치해야만 전자선 조사가 가능하므로 최대의 전자콘인 25$\times$25cm콘을 사용하였다. 치료면에서의 선량분포의 균일성을 확인하기 위하여 치료면에 90$\times$180cm의 폴리스틸렌을 설치하고 Famer type ion chamber와 측정용 필름을 사용하여 측정하였다. 그 결과 치료면에서 10% 정도의 균일함을 보였다. 환자의 자세를 하루에 세가지씩 이틀에 걸쳐 여섯가지 자세를 한 주기로 치료를 시행하였다. 선량이 부족한 정수리, 회음부, 발바닥 등은 따로 추가의 방사선을 조사하였다. 렌즈와 손톱, 발톱은 차폐물을 제작하여 차폐하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2014

Objective : Cortical dysplasia (CD) is one of the common causes of epilepsy surgery. However, surgical outcome still remains poor, especially with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), despite the advancement of neuroimaging techniques and expansion of surgical indications. The aim of this study was to focus on surgical strategies in terms of extent of resection to improve surgical outcome in the cases of FLE with CD. Methods : A total of 11 patients of FLE were selected among 67 patients who were proven pathologically as CD, out of a total of 726 epilepsy surgery series since 1992. This study categorized surgical groups into three according to the extent of resection : 1) focal corticectomy, 2) regional corticectomy, and 3) partial functional lobectomy, based on the preoperative evaluation, in particular, ictal scalp EEG onset and/or intracranial recordings, and the lesions in high-resolution MRI. Surgical outcome was assessed following Engel's classification system. Results : Focal corticectomy was performed in 5 patients and regional corticectomy in another set of 5 patients. Only 1 patient underwent partial functional lobectomy. Types I and II CD were detected with the same frequency (45.45% each) and postoperative outcome was fully satisfactory (91%). Conclusion : The strategy of epilepsy surgery is to focus on the different characteristics of each individual, considering the extent of real resection, which is based on the focal ictal onset consistent with neuroimaging, especially in the practical point of view of neurosurgery.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2017

Objective : The Sinseon-yukza-hwan (SSY), a Korean medicinal formula which includes Radix Rehmanniae Preparata and other medicinal herbs, has long been used for treatment of alopecia and gray hair through oral administration. This study is designed to enhance the utilization of natural materials in hair and scalp-related cosmetics. Possibility of SSY as an antioxidant was examined from its 50% ethanol extract. Methods : The antioxidative capacities were evaluated by determining total phenolic and flavonoid contents, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), reducing power and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Results : Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of SSY were 25.53 mg TE, tannic acid equivalent/g and 18.90 mg RE, rutin equivalent/g, respectively, which correlated strongly its antioxidative activity. The DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities of SSY at $0.1mg/m{\ell}{\sim}5mg/ml$ were ranged from 20% to 85% and 10% to 58%, respectively. Also the hydroxyl radical scavenger activity and reducing power increased in SSY-treated group, which were significantly lower in SSY-compared to BHA-treated group. But the highest reducing power was shown as 79% from SSY-treated group, which was higher value than 65% from BHA-treatment. These results showed that SSY extract effectively inhibited the generation of free radicals in the all assay system with dose-dependent manners. Conclusions : Thus, the present study provide preclinical data to support the expanded application of SSY, which could be potential candidates for natural antioxidants.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2009

Purpose: The vegetative state is a clinical condition with complete unawareness of self and environment, but with preservation of brain - stem functions. Vegetative patients may have nosocomial infections in their wounds, like pressure sores and infected craniums after cranioplasties. Usually flap surgery is necessary for those wounds, but decision of undergoing surgery is difficult because of various adverse conditions of vegetative patients. We share our experience of several successful flap surgeries in vegetative patients, and evaluate obstacles and requirements to get satisfactory results. Methods: From December 2005 to September 2008, a total of 4 vegetative patients underwent surgeries. In 2 patients with infected artificial craniums, scalp reconstructions with free flaps were performed. In other 2 patients with huge pressure sores with sepsis, island flap coverage of wounds was done. Retrospective study was done on hospital day, vegetative period, number of surgeries done, underlying diseases, causative bacteria, and contents of informed consent. Results: Mean hospital day was 14 months and mean vegetative period was 17.5 months. Patients underwent average of 4.5 surgeries under general anesthesia. There were several underlying diseases like hypertension, DM, CHF and chronic anemia. MRSA(Methicilin - resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) was cultured from every patient's wounds. Informed consent included a warning for high mortality and a need of attentive familial cooperation. Conclusion: There are three requirements for doing flap surgeries in vegetative patients. First, to prevent aggravation of brain damage and underlying diseases by general anesthesia, multidisciplinary team approach is needed. Second, operation should be beneficial for prolonging patient's lifespan. Third, because postoperative care is very difficult and long hospitalization is needed, detailed informed consent and highly cooperative attitude of family should be confirmed before operation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.622-625
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• 2008

Purpose: In the past, laymen or beauty parlor employees commonly injected people with unproven foreign material such as paraffin, silicone, and cooking oil. We have treated a patient who injected foreign material into her face and neck. Methods: For the last 20 years, a 43-year-old woman has been injecting herself in the face and neck with foreign material. There was no tenderness, erythema, pain, ulceration, or necrosis. However many visible, touchable subcutaneous masses were found. Her face was extremely ugly and disfigured by the foreign material. We could not recognize the boundary between her neck and mandible. The occipital scalp drooped extremely. Over the past 3 years, from February 2005 to October 2007, we performed 15 operations. Results: We conducted a cephalometric facial analysis to compare preoperative and postoperative facial diameter. The patient's upper face diameter decreased from 67 cm to 60 cm, the mid face diameter from 82 cm to 59 cm, the lower face diameter from 63 cm to 50 cm, and the neck circumference diameter from 53 cm to 44 cm, respectively. The mid sagittal diameter decreased from 26 cm to 23 cm. The total excised tissue weight was 4023.7 gram after 15 operations. Conclusion: Serial excision of face and neck masses in a patient who injected herself with foreign material resulted in a satisfactory outcome.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2001

Purpose : Eyeball movement is one of the main artifacts in EEG. A new approach to the removal of these artifacts is presented using independent component analysis(ICA). This technique is a signal-processing algorithm to separate independent sources from unknown mixed signals. This study was performed to show that ICA is a useful method for the separation of EEG components with little data deformity. Methods : 12 sets of 10 sec digital EEG data including eye opening and closure were obtained using international 10~20 system scalp electrodes. ICA with 18 tracings of double banana bipolar montage was performed. Among obtained 18 independent components, two components, which were thought to be eyeball movements were removed. Other 16 components were reconstructed into original bipolar montage. Power spectral analysis of EEGs before and after ICA was done and compared statistically. Total 12 pairs of data were compared by visual inspection and relative power comparison. Results : Waveforms of each pair looked alike by visual inspection. Means of relative power before and after ICA were 29.16% vs. 28.27%, 12.12% vs. 12.41%, 10.55% vs. 10.52%, and 19.33% vs. 18. 33% for alpha, beta, theta, and delta, respectively. These values were statistically same before and after ICA. Conclusions : We found little data deformity after ICA and it was possible to isolate eyeball movements in EEG recordings. Many other components of EEG could be selectively separated using ICA.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2014

Patients with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) are predisposed to develop central nervous system tumors, due to the loss of neurofibromin, an inactivator of proto-oncogene Ras. However, to our knowledge, only three cases of ependymomas with NF1 have been reported in the literature. The authors present a case of NF1 patient with a spinal cord ependymoma. She was referred for about half a year history of increasing numbness that progressed from her fingers to her entire body above the bellybutton. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a relative-demarcated, heterogeneously enhanced mass lesion accompanied by perifocal edema in C5-7 level, a left-sided T11 spinous process heterogeneously enhanced mass in soft tissue, intervertebral disk hernia in L2-5 level, and widespread punctum enhancing lesion in her scalp and in T11-L5 level. The patient underwent C5-7 laminectomies and total excision of the tumor under operative microscope, and intraoperative ultrasonography and physiological monitoring were used during the surgery. Histopathologically, her tumor was found to be a ependymoma without malignant features (grade II in the World Health Organization classification). Therefore, no adjuvant therapy was applied. Following the operation, the patient showed an uneventful clinical recovery with no evidence of tumor recurrence after one year of follow-up.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.244-250
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• 2010

Objective : Adequate management of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is critical in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and decompressive craniectomy is widely used to treat refractory increased ICP. The authors reviewed and analyzed complications following decompressive craniectomy for the management of TBI. Methods : A total of 89 consecutive patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy for TBI between February 2004 and February 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Incidence rates of complications secondary to decompressive craniectomy were determined, and analyses were performed to identify clinical factors associated with the development of complications and the poor outcome. Results : Complications secondary to decompressive craniectomy occurred in 48 of the 89 (53.9%) patients. Furthermore, these complications occurred in a sequential fashion at specific times after surgical intervention; cerebral contusion expansion ($2.2{\pm}1.2$ days), newly appearing subdural or epidural hematoma contralateral to the craniectomy defect ($1.5{\pm}0.9$ days), epilepsy ($2.7{\pm}1.5$ days), cerebrospinal fluid leakage through the scalp incision ($7.0{\pm}4.2$ days), and external cerebral herniation ($5.5{\pm}3.3$ days). Subdural effusion ($10.8{\pm}5.2$ days) and postoperative infection ($9.8{\pm}3.1$ days) developed between one and four weeks postoperatively. Trephined and post-traumatic hydrocephalus syndromes developed after one month postoperatively (at $79.5{\pm}23.6$ and $49.2{\pm}14.1$ days, respectively). Conclusion : A poor GCS score ($\leq$ 8) and an age of $\geq$ 65 were found to be related to the occurrence of one of the above-mentioned complications. These results should help neurosurgeons anticipate these complications, to adopt management strategies that reduce the risks of complications, and to improve clinical outcomes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6681-6684
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• 2015

Background: Metastatic cancer with invasion of skin, soft tissue and skeletal muscle is not common. Examples presenting as soft tissue masses could sometimes lead to misdiagnosis with delayed or inappropriate management. The purpose of current study was to investigate clinical characteristics in the involvement of metastatic cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,097 patients complaining of skin or soft tissue masses and/or lesions were retrospectively reviewed from January 2012 to June 2013. Tumors involving skin, soft tissue and skeletal muscle of head and neck, chest wall, abdominal wall, pelvic region, back, upper and lower extremities were included in the study. Results: Fifty-seven (5.2%) patients were recognized as having malignancies on histopathological examination. The most common involvement of malignancy was basal cell carcinoma, followed by cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, sarcoma and melanoma. The most common anatomical location in skin and soft tissue malignancies was head and neck (52.6% of the malignancies). Four (0.36%) of the malignant group were identified as metastatic cancer with the primary cancer source from lung, liver and tonsil and the most common site was upper extremities. One of them unexpectedly expired during the operation of metastatic tumor excision at the scalp. Conclusions: Discrimination between benign and malignant soft tissue tumors is crucial. Performance of imaging study could assist in the differential diagnosis and the pre-operative risk evaluation of metastatic tumors involving skin, soft tissue and skeletal muscle.