• 제목/요약/키워드: total protein concentration

검색결과 1,340건 처리시간 0.046초

Cryopreservation with Trehalose Reduced Sperm Chromatin Damage in Miniature Pig

  • Park, Cheol-Ho;Kim, Sung-Won;Hwang, You-Jin;Kim, Dae-Young
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.107-111
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    • 2012
  • Miniature pig sperm cryopreservation is continually researched in biotechnology for breed conservation and reproduction. It is important to control the temperature at each stage of cryopreservation and cryoprotectant. It is also necessary to find the optimal cryoprotectant concentration and chemical elements of the extender. Recently, many studies have used various cryoprotectant materials, such as dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG), antifreeze protein (AFP), amides, and glycerol. Glycerol is a commonly used cryoprotectant. However, glycerol has critical cytotoxic properties, including osmotic pressure and it can cause irreversible damage to live cells. Therefore, We focused on membrane fluidity modifications can reduce cell damage from freezing and thawing procedures and evaluated on the positive effects of trehalose to the viability, chromatin integrity, and motility of boar sperm. Miniature pig sperm was separated from semen by washing with modified- Modena B (mMB) extender. After centrifugation, the pellet was diluted with the prepared first extender. This experiment was designed to compare the effects that sperm cryopreservation using two different extenders has on sperm chromatin. The control group used the glycerol only and it was compared with the glycerol and glycerol plus trehalose extender. Sperm viability and motility were evaluated using WST1 assays and computer-assisted semen assays (CASA). Chromatin structure was examined using acridine orange staining. For the motility descriptors, trehalose caused a significant (p<0.01) increase in total motility ($57.80{\pm}4.60%$ in glycerol vs. $75.50{\pm}6.14%$ in glycerol + trehalose) and progressive ($51.20{\pm}5.45%$ in glycerol vs. $70.74{\pm}8.06%$ in glycerol + trehalose). A significant (p<0.05) increase in VAP ($42.70{\pm}5.73{\mu}m/s$ vs. $59.65{\pm}9.47{\mu}m/s$), VSL ($23.06{\pm}3.27{\mu}m/s$ vs. $34.60{\pm}6.58{\mu}m/s$), VCL ($75.36{\pm}11.36{\mu}m/s$ vs. $99.55{\pm}12.91{\mu}m/s$), STR ($54.4{\pm}2.19%$ vs. $58.0{\pm}1.63%$), and LIN ($32.2{\pm}2.05%$ vs. $36.0{\pm}2.45%$) were also detected, respectively. The sperm DNA fragmentation index was 48.8% to glycerol only and 30.6% to glycerol plus trehalose. Trehalose added group showed higher percentages of sperm motility, stability of chromatin structure than glycerol only. In this study, we suggest that trehalose is effective in reducing freezing damage to miniature pig sperm and can reduce chromatin damage during cryopreservation.

오존수로 세척한 상어연골로부터 Crude Chondroitin Sulfate의 열수추출 (Hot Water Extraction of Crude Chondroitin Sulfate from Shark Cartilage Treated with Ozone Water)

  • 정유경;신경옥;신종욱;노홍균;김순동
    • 한국해양바이오학회지
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    • 제2권3호
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    • pp.149-154
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    • 2007
  • 상어연골에서 발생하는 갈변과 냄새를 제거하기 위한 오존수 세척효과와 crude chondroitin sulfate의 추출특성을 조사하기 위하여 알칼리 및 열수추출 효과를 조사하였다. SC 분말을 용존 오존농도 0.3 ppm의 오존수로 세척한 결과 일반성분의 함량에는 영향을 미치지 않으면서 $L^*$값은 증가하고 $a^*$, $b^*$값은 감소되어 탈색효과가 뚜렷하였다. 또한 ammonia 유사취가 크게 감소되었으며 종합적 기호도가 크게 향상되었다. NaOH에 의한 CS의 최적 추출농도는 1 N이었으며 최적 추출시간은 $100^{\circ}C$에서 120분이었고 이때의 수율은 10.02%이었다. $100^{\circ}C$의 열수로 7회 반복추출 할 경우 1 N NaOH 추출수율과 대등하였다.

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이형 재조합한 먹물버섯 Coprinellus congregatus Chitinase 1 (Chi1)의 발현과 생화학적 특성 분석 (Biochemical Characterization of Heterologously Expressed Chitinase 1 (Chi1) from an Inky Cap, Coprinellus congregatus)

  • 유예은;최형태
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.309-312
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    • 2013
  • 진균류의 세포벽은 다양한 결합의 글루칸과 키틴질로 구성되었으며 이들의 생활사 전체에 해당하는 균사생장과 분화과정에서 키틴질 분해효소(chitinase)를 생성한다. 먹물버섯의 하나인 Coprinellus congregatus는 전 생활사 동안 최소 2종 이상의 chitinase를 생성한다. Chi1은 균사시기부터 버섯의 자가분해 시기까지 고르게 생성되며, chitinase 2는 버섯 자가분해 시기에 다량 생성된다. Chi1의 cDNA 유전자를 Pichia pastoris의 발현벡터의 하나인 pPICZB 벡터의 c-myc과 6x Histidine tag을 포함하는 Chi1 재조합 단백질 발현벡터를 구축하고 이를 발현시킨 후, Histidine tag에 의한 affinity chromatography 방법으로 Chi1 단백질을 정제하였다. 정제된 Chi1은 endochitinase의 기질인 4-nitrophenyl N,N',N"-triacetyl-${\beta}$-D-chitotrioside에 대하여 활성을 보였다. 이를 기질로 사용했을 때 최적 pH는 8.0이었고, 최적 온도는 $35^{\circ}C$로 확인되었다. $K_m$ 값과 $V_{max}$ 값은 각각 0.780 mM과 0.10 (OD $min^{-1}unit^{-1}$)로 나타났다. 이러한 생화학적 특성은 버섯 자가분해 시기에 작용할 것으로 판단되는 Chi2가 exochitinase 활성을 보이며, pH 4.0에서 최대 활성을 보이는 것을 종합하면 상호 보완작용을 할 것이라고 판단된다. 정제된 Chi1은 Alternaria alternata, Fusarium graminearum 및 Trichoderma harzianum 등과 같은 식물 병원성 균류에 처리한 결과 60 ${\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 이들의 생장을 완전하게 억제하였다.

The Effect of Roselle (Hibicus sabdariffa Linn.) Calyx as Antioxidant and Acidifier on Growth Performance in Postweaning Pigs

  • Aphirakchatsakun, Wantana;Angkanaporn, Kris;Kijparkorn, Suwanna
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.574-581
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    • 2008
  • Two experiments, involving a total of 100 crossbred pigs (Hampshire$\times$Landrace$\times$Duroc) aged 5 weeks, were used to evaluate the effect of Roselle (Hibicus sabdariffa Linn.) calyx as an antioxidant and acidifier on growth performance. Experiment 1: growth performance response of pigs fed basal corn-soy diet was compared with that of pigs consuming diets that contained 4, 8 and 12% Roselle in powder form, 4 g/kg acidifier (Fra$^{(R)}$Acid Dry) or 100 mg/kg antibiotic (Aurofac$^{(R)}$). All diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Twenty-four castrated male and twelve female pigs were randomly allocated into 6 treatments which comprised 3 replicates (2 male and 1 female) of 2 pigs each. The results demonstrated no beneficial weight gain and feed intake response among treatments at 7, 9 and 11 weeks of age (p>0.05). However, feed-to-gain ratios (FCR) of Roselle-fed groups were significantly different from the basal-diet group at 7 weeks of age (p<0.05). Pigs fed with 8% Roselle had the lowest FCR. Therefore, 8% was set as an appropriate level of Roselle in feed. Experiment 2 was conducted to determine antioxidant and acidifier properties. Pigs were fed similar diets to Experiment 1 except that Roselle was fed to only one treatment at the level of 8%. Sixty-four piglets, 32 castrated male and female each were randomly allocated into 4 treatments which comprised 4 replicates (2 male and 2 female) of 4 pigs each. Body weight was measured. At 7 and 9 weeks of age, four pigs from each treatment were randomly selected. The pH in their gastrointestinal tract, pepsin activity in stomach mucosa, trypsin activity in the pancreas and protein and fat digestibility in the ileum were measured to investigate acidifier properties. For antioxidant properties, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione concentration in plasma and liver were used as parameters. The results showed no significant difference in weight gain, pH or pepsin activity among all treatments at both ages (p>0.05). Nevertheless, trypsin activity and fat digestibility of the Roselle-fed group were higher than the basal-diet group at 7 weeks of age (p<0.05). Glutathione in plasma was significantly different between antibiotic-fed and basal-diet groups (p<0.05). Significant differences were found only in some parameters and between the basal-diet group and the other groups. Therefore, it cannot be precisely concluded that Roselle in powder form has clear acidifier and antioxidant properties in postweaning pigs. Further studies should be undertaken to clearly confirm both properties.

Influence of various levels of milk by-products in weaner diets on growth performance, blood urea nitrogen, diarrhea incidence, and pork quality of weaning to finishing pigs

  • Yoo, S.H.;Hong, J.S.;Yoo, H.B.;Han, T.H.;Jeong, J.H.;Kim, Y.Y.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제31권5호
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    • pp.696-704
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    • 2018
  • Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate various levels of milk by-product in weaning pig diet on growth performance, blood profiles, carcass characteristics and economic performance for weaning to finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 160 weaning pigs ([Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace]${\times}$Duroc), average $7.01{\pm}1.32kg$ body weight (BW), were allotted to four treatments by BW and sex in 10 replications with 4 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. Pigs were fed each treatment diet with various levels of milk by-product (Phase 1: 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, Phase 2: 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively). During weaning period (0 to 5 week), weaning pigs were fed experimental diets and all pigs were fed the same commercial feed during growing-finishing period (6 to 14 week). Results: In the growth trial, BW, average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI) in the nursery period (5 weeks) increased as the milk by-product level in the diet increased (linear, p<0.05). Linear increases of pig BW with increasing the milk product levels were observed until late growing period (linear, p = 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in BW at the finishing periods, ADG, ADFI, and gain:feed ratio during the entire growing-finishing periods. The blood urea nitrogen concentration had no significant difference among dietary treatments. High inclusion level of milk by-product in weaner diet decreased crude protein (quadratic, p = 0.05) and crude ash (Linear, p = 0.05) of Longissimus muscle. In addition, cooking loss and water holding capacity increased with increasing milk product levels in the weaner diets (linear, p<0.01; p = 0.05). High milk by-product treatment had higher feed cost per weight gain compared to non-milk by-products treatment (linear, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Supplementation of 10% to 5% milk by-products in weaning pig diet had results equivalent to the 30% to 15% milk treatment and 0% milk by-product supplementation in the diet had no negative influence on growth performance of finishing pigs.

발효 사료 첨가가 돼지고기의 이화학적 특성에 미치는 영향 (Effect of dietary supplement with fermentation feed on the physicochemical properties of pork)

  • 박원종;성창근;김건중
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.41-49
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    • 1997
  • 발효사료로 사육한 돈육의 이화학적 성질을 규명한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 발효사료 처리돈육은 실험돈육에 비해 일반성분에서 지방함량이 낮고 단백질함량이 높아 품질향상에 도움이 인정되었다. 2) 시료 돈육별 산패도 차이는 인정되지 않았으나, 색도는 실험돈육들보다 뚜렷하여 상품 가치가 인정되었다. 3) 지방산 조성에서 Oleic acid가 가장 많이 분포되어 있었으며 포화지방산과 불포화 지방산의 조성비는 보통육 38.3% : 59.9%, 고급육 40.8% 57.8%, 발효사료 처리육 36.3% : 62.0%의 비율이었고, 필수지방산 함량은 보통육14%, 고급이 11.2%, 발효사료 처리육이 16.7%이었다. 4) 아미노산조성은 glutamic acid가 가장 많았고 필수아미노산 비율은 보통육과 발효사료 처리육이 39%, 고급육이 41% 이었다. 5) 시료별 무기질 함량 차이는 거의 없었으며 육즙 추출에 의한 보수력이 발효사료 처리육은 92%로 높게 나타났으며, 가열감량도 15.6%로 가공 및 조리에 다른 돈육보다 이용성이 높게 나타났다.

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수온별 붉바리(Epinephelus akaara)의 행동, 생존율 및 혈액생리학적 반응 (Behavior, Survival and Blood Physiological Responses of Red-spotted Grouper Epinephelus akaara, at Different Water Temperature)

  • 박형준;민병화;김성연
    • 환경생물
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.128-133
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구에서는 붉바리(Epinephelus akaara)의 장거리 수송 시 최적의 수온 (대사활동과 스트레스를 최소화하는 수온)을 조사하고자, 수온별(9, 12, 15, 18 및 $21^{\circ}C$)로 48시간 동안 어체를 노출시켜 어류의 행동 변화, 생존 및 혈액생리학적 반응을 확인하였다. $9^{\circ}C$에 노출된 붉바리는 48시간만에 전량 폐사하였지만, 12 15, 18 및 $21^{\circ}C$의 그룹에서는 모두 생존하였다. 15, 18 및 $21^{\circ}C$의 붉바리는 정상적인 유영활동을 보였으나, $12^{\circ}C$에 노출시킨 붉바리는 유영없이 수조 바닥에 가라앉아 있는 상태를 보였다. 혈장 코티졸 농도와 글루코스는 다른 실험구보다 $12^{\circ}C$에 노출시킨 붉바리에서 더 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 12 및 $15^{\circ}C$ 그룹은 18 및 $21^{\circ}C$보다 Ht 및 Hb가 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). AST, $NH_3$ 및 삼투질 농도는 혈장 코티졸과 비슷한 양상을 보였으나(P<0.05), ALT와 총단백질은 다른 실험구에 비해 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼 때, 붉바리의 장거리 수송을 위한 적정 수온은 $15^{\circ}C$ 임을 시사하고 있다.

홍삼 복합 추출물의 AMPK 활성화를 통한 고지혈증 개선 (Red Ginseng Alters Lipid Metabolism through AMPK Activation in Liver and Adipose Tissues of High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice)

  • 정하진;오승택;류천봉;최유라;이성미;전송희
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제46권8호
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    • pp.910-918
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    • 2017
  • 당 및 지질 대사 조절의 이상으로 인한 대사성 질환 중의 하나인 고지혈증은 현대사회에서 급격하게 증가하고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 부작용이 적은 천연물을 사용하는 사례들이 급증하고 있는데, 특히 이 연구에서는 초미세 분말을 첨가한 홍삼을 이용하여 지방세포 및 쥐 혈액, 간, 그리고 지방조직에서 지질, 콜레스테롤, 당, 과산화 수치를 확인함으로써 홍삼의 효능을 관찰하였다. 세포 실험 결과, 특정한 홍삼 농도($50{\mu}g/mL$)에서 지질 형성을 미세하게 억제하고 있음을 알 수 있으며, 동물 실험에서도 마찬가지로 저농도의 홍삼을 처리하였을 때 혈중 총 콜레스테롤 수치가 가장 감소하였고 HDL-콜레스테롤 수치 또한 증가하는 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 이는 심혈관위험지수 및 동맥경화지수를 낮춰준다. 그뿐만 아니라 저농도 홍삼 식이법 시행군에서 지질대사 관련 단백질인 AMPK의 발현량이 증가하였는데, 이는 특정 농도의 홍삼이 AMPK 활성화를 높임으로써 지방 및 콜레스테롤 합성 억제를 돕는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구는 홍삼이 대사성 질환인 고지혈증 치료 및 예방에 도움을 주는 천연물 후보임을 시사하는 바이다.

Effect of Feeding Calcium Salts of Palm Oil Fatty Acids on Performance of Lactating Crossbred Cows

  • Purushothaman, Sajith;Kumar, Anil;Tiwari, D.P.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.376-385
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    • 2008
  • Twenty lactating crossbred cows yielding 10 to 15 litres of milk daily during mid lactation were selected and divided into four groups of five animals to assess the effect of feeding calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids (bypass fat) on milk yield, milk composition and nutrient utilization in lactating crossbred cows. The animals in groups 1 (control), 2, 3 and 4 were fed concentrate mixture containing 0 (no bypass fat), 2, 4 and 6% bypass fat, respectively. The average daily dry matter consumption in the various groups ranged from 13.1 to 13.6 kg and showed no significant difference among treatment groups. There was no significant difference among different groups in digestibility of DM, OM, CP and CF, however, ether extract digestibility in cows of groups 2 and 4 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control group. The average milk yields of the cows in group 3 (4% bypass fat) showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher value than cows of groups 1 and 2. Similarly, a significant (p<0.05) increase in fat yield, 4% FCM yield and SNF yield was observed for the cows in group 3 (4% bypass fat). The milk composition in terms of total solids, fat, lactose, protein, solids-not-fat and ash percentage showed a varying response and bypass fat feeding did not have any effect on milk composition of cows in different groups. The gross and net energetic efficiency of milk production ranged from 23.6 to 27.5% and 37.1 to 44.4%, respectively, and showed no significant difference among different treatment groups. The gross and net efficiency of nitrogen utilization for milk production ranged from 24.0 to 28.7% and 37.2 to 43.5%, respectively, and no significant difference was noted among different treatment groups. The supplementation with calcium salts of palm oil fatty acid reduced the proportion of caproic, caprylic and capric acids and significantly (p<0.01) increased the concentration of palmitic, oleic, stearic, linoleic and linolenic acids in milk fat with increase in level of bypass fat supplementation. It was concluded that incorporation of calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids at a 4% level in the concentrate mixture of lactating crossbred cows improved the milk production and milk quality in terms of polyunsaturated fatty acids without affecting the digestibility of nutrients.

개똥쑥의 영양적 특성 및 생리활성 (Nutritional Properties and Biological Activities of Artemisia annua L.)

  • 류지현;김라정;이수정;김인수;이현주;성낙주
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.163-170
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    • 2011
  • 개똥쑥(Artemisia annua L.)의 기능성을 밝히고 식품으로써 이용성을 증대시키기 위하여 개똥쑥 잎과 줄기의 영양 성분 및 생리활성을 측정하였다. 수분, 조지방 및 조단백질 함량은 잎에서 높았으나 회분, 조섬유 및 무기물 함량은 줄기에서 유의적으로 높았다. 총 페놀과 플라보노이드 함량은 잎이 줄기에 비해 약 2배 정도 높았다. 추출물의 농도를 달리하여 항산화능을 측정한 결과 농도에 의존적으로 활성이 증가하였으며, 잎은 줄기에 비해 활성이 높았다. 특히, DPPH 라디칼 소거능, 환원력 및 tyrosinase 저해활성은 모든 농도에서 잎이 줄기에 비해 유의적으로 높았으나, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해활성은 줄기 추출물이 더 높았다. 인체 유방암 세포인 MCF-7 및 MDA-MB-231에 대한 증식억제 활성은 줄기보다 잎 추출물에서, 물보다 에탄올 추출물에서 유의적으로 활성이 높았다. 특히, 잎 에탄올 추출물의 MCF-7 및 MDAMB-231 세포에 대한 증식억제 활성은 $250\;{\mu}g$/mL에서 각각 76.26% 및 52.59%로 추출물 중 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 이상의 결과, 개똥쑥 추출물의 생리활성은 시료 중의 섬유소, 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량에 의존적인 것으로 생각된다.