• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2011

Objective : The efficacy of auricular acupuncture for the treatment of allergic rhinitis has been reported. Methods : Twelve rhinitis patients patients were enrolled in this study. Every patient received auricular acupuncture 2 times a week during 4 weeks. Auricular acupuncture points used were M101(肺), M13(副腎), M16(內鼻), M22(內分泌), M33(額), M55(神門). Patients nasal symptoms and QOL were assessed before and after 4 weeks treatment by total nasal symptom score(TNSS), total non nasal symptom score(TNNSS) and Rhinoconjuctivitis quality of life questionnaires(RQLQ). Results : 1. Among items of TNSS, nasal congestion-sneezing were significantly improved. and Total TNSS Scores were significantly improved.(p<0.05) 2. TNNSS were no significant difference. 3. Among items of RQLQ, nasal&eye problem&nasal symptom were significantly improved.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Intranasal acupuncture treatment in allergic rhinitis patients. Methods: This study was carried with the 42 pediatric allergic rhinitis who had been treated in our hospital. Inner young-hyang was used for the intranasal acupuncture points. Their nasal cavity was observed via anterior rhinoscopy. We induced patient's inferior turbiante bleeding by acupuncture. Patients nasal symtoms and QOL(quality of life) were assessed by the Total Nasal Symptom Score(TNSS) and Quality of Life Questionnaire for Korean Rhinitisian(QLQKR). Results: Total Nasal Symptom Score(TNSS) and Quality of Life Questionnaire for Korean Rhinitisian(QLQKR) were significantly improved. Conclusions: Intranasal acupuncture treatment is relatively effective in treating pediatric allergic rhinitis.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed in order to investigate an immediate improvement effect of nasal obstruction after having patient with chronic rhinitis use nasal spray in nasal cavity after distilling Korean medicine, satisfaction for its fragrance and irritation and its effect continuance time. Methods : A questionnaire was performed for an immediate therapeutic effect of nasal spray 1, 2 and 3 weeks later after using spray by targeting 13 patients who used Korean medicine distillate spray for over 3 weeks among the patients who visited Sangji University Korean Medicine Hospital and whose symptoms were determined as chronic rhinitis and for whom Korean medicine distillate spray was prescribed. 3 weeks later after using spray, a questionnaire was performed for fragrance, irritation and continuance effect of Korean medicine. Immediate therapeutic effect being felt right after spraying was also surveyed and symptom scores was expressed from 10 to 0 and on the assumption that nasal obstruction symptom just before spraying was 10 points, symptom score after spraying was surveyed. In case of evaluation of satisfaction, satisfaction for fragrance and irritation of nasal spray was evaluated by scale based on full score of 5 point from 'very satisfied=5', 'satisfied=4', 'average=3', 'unsatisfactory=2' and 'very unsatisfactory=1', respectively. Effect continuance time after spraying was surveyed by dividing it into within 5 minutes, within 5-10 minutes, within 10-30 minutes and over 30 minutes. All the data was statistically analyzed by Friedman Test that is non-parametric test of Paired t-test and descriptive statistics. Results : Total surveyed patients were 13 persons including 6 males and 7 females and total average age was represented to be $27.1{\pm}17.7$ years old. Score of immediate nasal obstruction improvement effect at 1st week was $6.3{\pm}2.4$ points, at 2nd week $5.7{\pm}2.5$ points and at 3rd week $5.5{\pm}2.5$ points and when comparing 1st week, 2nd week and 3rd week statistically, p value was 0.047<0.05 and from this, it could be seen that the longer spray was used, the more was improvement effect represented with slight significance. In case of fragrance and irritation, both of its score was represented to be high as average $4.0{\pm}1.08 $points and average $4.4{\pm}0.8$ points, respectively. Effect continuance time below 10 minutes was represented in 8 persons who accounted for 61.5%. Conclusions: Immediate improvement effect of nasal obstruction being felt by the patients by using Korean medicine nasal spray could be confirmed and by having the patients use such spray for 3 weeks continuously, it could be realized that such effect was sustained and satisfaction for fragrance or irritation of Korean medicine nasal spray was significant. However, rather short sustained time was considered to be unsatisfactory and this shortcomings is required to be improved in the future.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.204-211
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• 2007

Objectives : Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clincal effect of herbal medicine(Gamitonggue-tang) in patients with allergic rhinitis by using acoustic rhinometry. Methods : A total of 22 individuals with allergic rhinitis who visited the Dept. of Oriental Medical Opthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology of Daegu Hanny Oriental Medical Center from June 1st, 2006 to February 28th, 2007 were included in this study. In this study, they were only treated with Gamitonggue-tang. For 4 weaks the flow resistance of nasal cavity and total nasal volume, nasal minimum cross-sectional area were measured by acoustic rhinometry at the 1st, the 14th and the 28th day. And symptom score of nasal obstruction were recorded. Results : There were no significant differences on sex, age and onset. After treatment(2, 4 weeks) the calculated flow resistance of nasal cavity, total nasal volume and nasal minimum cross-sectional showed no significant changes(p>0.05). But symptom score of nasal obstruction showed significant changes(p<0.05). Conclusions : Considering the above results, treatment with herbal medine(Gamitonggue-tang) could be efficacious in allergic rhinitis. Further studies in other methods are needed.

• Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.675-685
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aims to determine the efficacy and safety of house dust mite (HDM)-sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in elderly patients with AR. Methods: A total of 45 patients aged ${\geq}60years$ with HDM-induced AR who had ${\geq}3$ A/H ratio on skin prick test and/or ${\geq}0.35IU/L$ to both Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus by ImmunoCAP were enrolled in 4 university hospitals. To evaluate additional effects of HDM-SLIT, they were randomized to the SLIT-treated group (n = 30) or control group (n = 15). Rhinoconjunctivitis total symptom score (RTSS), rhinoscopy score, Korean rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire, rhinitis control assessment test, asthma control test scores, and adverse reactions, were assessed at the first visit (V1) and after 1 year of treatment (V5); for immunological evaluation, serum levels of HDM-specific immunoglobulin A/IgE/IgG1/IgG4 antibodies and basophil response to HDMs were compared between V1 and V5 in both groups. Results: There were no significant differences in demographics, RTSS, skin reactivity to HDMs, or serum total/specific IgE levels to HDMs (P > 0.05, respectively) between the 2 groups. Nasal symptom score and RTSS decreased significantly at year 1 in the 2 groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in percent decrease in nasal symptom score and RTSS at year 1 between the 2 groups (P > 0.05); however, rhinoscopic nasal symptom score decreased significantly in the SLIT-treated group (P < 0.05). Immunological studies showed that serum specific IgA levels (not specific IgE/IgG) and CD203c expression on basophils decreased significantly at V5 in the SLIT-treated group (P = 0.011 and P = 0.001, respectively), not in the control group. The control group required more medications compared to the treatment group, but there were no differences in adverse reactions. Conclusions: It is suggested that HDM-SLIT for 1 year could induce symptom improvement and may induce immunomodulation in elderly rhinitis patients.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2015

Objectives : We performed a clinical study to investigate characteristics of pattern identifications using nasal endoscopy for allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods : We assessed 32 patients with allergic rhinitis using nasal endoscopy, classifications of allergic rhinitis and it's impact on asthma (ARIA) and total nasal symptom score (TNSS). Results : The watery rhinorrhea score of nasal endoscopy was significantly high in 'persistent and moderate/severe' group (P<0.05). Patients were classified as rhinorrhea group and nasal obstruction group according to nasal endoscopy. TNSS and rhinorrhea score was significantly high in rhinorrhea group (P<0.05). Conclusions : The result may provide that the watery rhinorrhea of nasal endoscopy is useful as 'Cold' and 'Deficiency' pattern identification diagnostic tool.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2019

Objectives : This report was performed to observe the effects of bloodletting therapy on the rhinitis patients. Methods : 2 patients with rhinitis were treated by bloodletting therapy. We evaluated the pre-and post-treatment symptoms by NRS(numbering rating scale) and TNSS(total nasal symptom score). Results : After treatment, the symptoms of rhinitis and NRS were decreased and TNSS was improved. Conclusions : Bloodletting therapy in nasal cavity is effective to Rinitis.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2001

1999년 11월에서 2000년 4월까지 본 교실에서 비중격 성형술과 하비갑개 절제술 혹은 하비갑개 성형술을 시행 받고 3개월이상 추적 관찰이 가능하였던 45명의 성인환자를 대상으로 비중격 성형술 및 하비갑개 수술의 결과를 전향적으로 분석하였다. 수술 전 증상접수는 코막힘이 가장 높았으며 수술 후 전체적으로 모든 증상에서 통계학적으로 의미 있게 호전되었다(p<0.05). 수술 전 후의 음향비강통기도 검사에서 비강수축전의 경우에서 최소비강단면적은 큰 변화가 없었으나, C-절혼 면적과 비강체적은 의미 있게 증가되었다. 또한 증상의 호전도와 음향비강통기도 검사치의 변화와는 통계학적 연관성이 없었으나, 증상이 호전됨에 따라 최소비강단면적, C-절혼 면적, 비강체적이 증가하는 경향을 볼 수 있었다. 결론적으로 바중격 성형술 및 하비갑개 수술 후 결과 판정방법으로서 수술 전 후의 환자의 주관적인 증상을 접수화하여 어느 정도 객관성을 부여하였으며 수술 전 후의 음향비강통기도 검사를 이용하여 음향비장통기도 검사결과를 구하고 이를 바탕으로 증상접수의 호전도와 음향비강통기도 검사결과를 비교 분석함으로써 증상의 호전을 객관적으로 증명하였다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.127-138
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Seogeum therapy on nasal eosinophil, nasal symptoms, and rhinitisrelated quality of life in college students with allergic rhinitis. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pre-post test design was used. There were 26 subjects in the experimental group and 26 subjects in the control group. The experimental group received Seogeum therapy on both hands 12 times for three weeks. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS 21.0 version using χ²-tests, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, and repeated measure of the ANOVA Results: After three weeks the positive rate of nasal eosinophils (p= .048) significantly decreased in the experimental group than in the control group. The experimental group demonstrated significantly lower total nasal symptom score (p= .032) and higher rhinitis-related quality of life (p< .001) compared to the control group. Conclusion: These findings showed that Seogeum therapy is effective as well as beneficial in relieving nasal symptoms and improving the rhinitis-related quality of life in college students with allergic rhinitis. Thus, Seogeum therapy may be an alternative nursing intervention for those suffering from allergic rhinitis.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2019

Objectives : Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang(黃連解毒湯) is a representative herbal formula with "clear heat(淸熱)" effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang-based intranasal herbal ointment Biyeom-go based on the cold and heat pattern identification questionnaire(CHPIQ). Methods : We performed a subgroup analysis of the previously published prospective observational study. A total of 58 patients with rhinitis were administered Biyeom-go for 4 weeks, and its effects on the Total Nasal Symptom Score(TNSS), Mini Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire(Mini-RQLQ) score, and nasal endoscopy index score were analyzed based on CHPIQ. Results : Among the 58 patients, the heat and non-heat patterns were shown by 39 and 19 patients, respectively, while the cold and non-cold patterns were shown by 46 and 12 patients, respectively. The change in TNSS from baseline negatively correlated with the heat pattern score(p=0.011). Improvement in TNSS was greater in the heat pattern group than in the non-heat pattern group, with a borderline significant difference(p=0.07). Mini-RQLQ and nasal endoscopy index scores tended to be lower in the heat pattern group than in the non-heat pattern group, but without a statistically significant difference. Conclusion : The findings indicate that CHPIQ is a useful tool for the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of patients with rhinitis. This study provides fundamental evidence of the close association between the cold-heat pattern in patients with rhinitis and the treatment effects of Biyeom-go.