• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2008

Isoflavone content in various parts of six soybean cultivars and soybean sprout during germination was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The parts analyzed were seed coat, cotyledon, and axis for seeds and whole sprout, root, hypocotyl, and cotyledon for sprout. Two cultivars, Aga3 which is known to have the smallest seed size and the highest isoflavone content among the Korean soybean cultivars and Pungsannamulkong which is the most widely being used as soy-sprout, were selected for sampling from 1 to 10 days after germination. At the same weight, the order of isoflavone content increased from seed coat to cotyledon to axis. The highest total isoflavone(isoflavone$\times$dry weight) content was observed in the cotyledon and the lowest in the seed coat. The cotyledon of the Aga3 variety had the highest total isoflavone content and the lowest was measured in the Pungsannamulkong variety. The highest total isoflavone content, $10,788{\mu}g/g$, was observed in whole sprouts(cotyledon+hypocotyl+root) on day 7 for Aga3. After day 7, there was a decreasing trend in isoflavone content as the germination period increased. Total isoflavone content in the cotyledon of Aga3 significantly increased after seed germination, whereas the isoflavone content in the cotyledon of Pungsannamulkong decreased. However, total isoflavone content in the root of both varieties increased while isoflavone content in the hypocotyls decreased after seed germination.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.568-575
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• 2003

Selection of high-quality varieties of sprout bean and bean sprout containing high levels of total isoflavones was performed by high performance liquid chromatography. The range and mean of total isoflavone contents of sixty six varieties of sprout beans were $247{\sim}2,256$ and $1209{\pm}470\;mg/kg$, respectively, with KLG10618, KLG11118, KLG10600, KLG10022, KLG1085 and sohokong containing the highest amounts of isoflavone among the samples. Medium-sized bean variety with green seed-coat color contained highest amount of total isoflavones among samples. The range and mean of total isoflavone contents of thirty varieties of bean sprouts were $768{\sim}3,343$ and $1,898{\pm}577\;mg/kg$, respectively, with soho bean sprout containing the highest total isoflavone content (3,343 mg/kg, dry basis). Total isoflavone contents of bean sprouts increased gradually during cultivation period, reaching maximum level on the 5th day of cultivation, and were the highest in the order of roots, cotyledon, and hypocotyl.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.84-92
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• 2020

For humans, soybean and soybean products are the main dietary sources of isoflvones, which are polyphenolic compounds that represent one of the most common categories of phytoestrogens. The objective of this study was to determine isoflavone concentrations in soybean cultivars during germination when treated with some biotic substances. Three soybean cultivars were germinated in replicated trials in 2018/2019 and their individual and total isoflavone concentrations were determined using HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography). Significant differences were observed in total isoflavone content were observed among cultivars regardless of years and treatments. 'Daepung2-ho' and 'Uram' had significantly higher total isoflavones than 'Pungsannaul-kong'. Differences among treatments were also significant for total isoflavone content. In 2018, with chitosan treatment, total isoflavone concentration ranged from 551.15 to 7584.07 ㎍ g^-1, with an average of 2972.64 ㎍ g^-1 across cultivars. In 2019, there was no significant difference among treatments in total isoflavone content. Regarding individual isoflavone concentrations, the malonyl-glucoside groups accounted for over 85% of the total isoflavone content, which is indicated that these groups play an important role with regard to isoflavone components in soybean seeds. The individual proportions in the total concentrations of isoflavones varied according to germination period and seed tissues. Glucosides and malonyl-glucosides showed differences in concentrations among seed tissues, aglycones were further accumulated as germination period was progressed. This study suggests that biotic substances have an impact on seed isoflavone content during germination. However, cultivars with consistently high or low isoflavone concentrations across biotic substance treatments were identified desspite differences in germination period and seed tissues, demonstrating that the genetic factor plays the most important role in isoflavone accumulation.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2005

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of isoflavone supplementation on hormone levels, lipid profiles and total antioxidant status in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: Total 11 women with polycystic ovary syndrome were supplemented daily with 150mg of isoflavone for 6 months. Blood samples were collected 0, 3, and 6 months after supplement of isoflavone for analysis of LH, FSH, E2, testosterone, free testosterone, SHBG levels, serum lipid profiles, and total antioxidant status (TAS). Results: After 6 months isoflavone supplementation, the hormone levels did not change significantly. Serum lipid profiles did not show any significant change in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoprotein(a), and free fatty acid levels. However, there was significant increase in HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05) for 3 months. Total antioxidant status was increased significantly after isoflavone supplementation for 6 months (p<0.05). Conclusion: Isoflavone supplementation showed positive effects on the HDL-cholesterol and total antioxidant status. it is implicated that isoflavone supplementation will may have a effect on cardiovascular disease in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.322-329
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• 2001

There is growing evidence that soy isoflavones play beneficial role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, current data are not sufficient to determine the effective dose of isoflavone on improving plasma lipid profiles and total antioxidant capacity in Korean menopausal women. In the present study, 24 perimenopausal and 23 postmenopausal women were divided into 3 groups and were given soy isoflavone supplements of 100, 150, 200mg/day for 12weeks. Blood samples were taken before and after 6, 12weeks of soy isoflavone supplementation for analysis of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride and total antioxidant status(TAS). In the perimenopausal women, serum total cholesterol level decreased significantly in all three groups after 12weeks of isoflavone supplementation(p< 0.05). However, serum LDL cholesterol level significantly lowered only in 150 and 200mg groups, and serum triglyceride level decreased significantly in 200mg group(p<0.05). In the postmenopausal women, the 150mg isoflavone supplementation group demonstrated significant effects on lowering serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol levels and raising HDL cholesterol level after 12weeks of isoflavone supplementation(p<0.05). Two hundred mg isoflavone supplementation group had a significantly higher TAS than other groups in both perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. (Korean J Nutrition 34(3) : 322∼329, 2001)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.667-674
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• 2003

The study was performed to investigate the effects of isoflavone and/or grape seed oil supplementation on serum and liver lipid profiles and bone strength in ovariectomized female rats. Female Spraque-Dawley rats were assigned into 4 groups of ovariectomized (O), isoflavone (0.085 mg/100 g b.w/day) in ovariectomized rats, grape seed oil in ovariectomized rats and isoflavone and/or grape seed oil in ovariectomized rats. After 8 weeks, biochemical profiles of serum, liver and bone were analyzed. Total food intakes, body weight gains and FER (food efficiency ratio) were not statistically significantly different among groups. Total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol levels in serum were decreased by fed of isoflavone and/or grape seed oils. However, crude lipid and total cholesterol contents in liver were not affect of isoflavone and/or grape seed oil. The hepatic glutathione contents were increased by isoflavone and/or grape seed oil fed. The hepatic glutathione-S-transferase activity in isoflavone and/or grape seed oil supplemented groups were higher than that O group. Bone (scapular and femur bone) dry weight, femur of max weight and bending strength were no significant difference among groups. Our finding suggest that isoflavone/grape seed oils might have potential role for serum lipid profiles improvement and bone strength in vivo.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.146-151
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• 2006

Isoflavone in soybean is known to have the important physiological functions such as antioxidative, estrogenic, and anti-tumor activities. Therefore, isoflavone content is considered as important aspect of soybean quality. The objectives of this study are to determine the isoflavone contents of soybean germplasms including major cultivars in Korea, and to provide the basic information of isoflavone far development soybean cultivar containing high isoflavone content. Among 43 Korean major cultivated soybean samples, the total isoflavone contents were varied from $277.0{\mu}g/g\;to\;2,002.0{\mu}g/g$, and the average total isoflavone content was $1,017.3{\pm}390.0{\mu}g/g$. Total isoflavone content of Seokryangputkong $(2,002{\mu}g/g)$ was the highest among those of the other cultivated soybeans. On the other side, Hwangkeumkong $(277{\mu}g/g)$ contained lower isoflavone than other cultivars. The total isoflavone content of vegetable use or early maturity soybean cultivar $(1,438{\pm}493.7{\mu}g/g)$ showed more higher total isoflavone content than others. The daidzein, glycitein, genistein and total isoflavone contents of 648 soybean germplasms collected in Korea, were ranged $16.9{\sim}2,019.8{\mu}g/g,\;0{\sim}294.9{\mu}g/g,\;38.5\sim1,337.7{\mu}g/g,\;and\;82.6{\sim}3,479.2{\mu}g/g$, respectively, and total isoflavone content of IT 180001 line $(3,479.2{\mu}g/g)$ was the highest among those of other soybean germplasm lines.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.89-101
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• 2019

The variation of content of 12 soybean seed isoflavone components was determined in the aglycone, glucoside, malonylglucoside and acetylglucoside groups of 44 Korean soybean cultivars grown in 2016 as well as in 2017. The total isoflavone content of the 44 cultivars averaged at $2935.4{\mu}g/g$ and was in the range of 950.6 to $5226.3{\mu}g/g$ for two years. Malonylglucoside group averaged at $2437.2{\mu}g/g$ with the highest proportion of isoflavone composition (83.0%). Significant differences were observed between cultivars, years and their interactions for both the total isoflavone and each composition group contents (P < 0.0001); however, no year-wise differences were observed for daidzein and genistin. The broad-sense heritability ($h^2$) within the set of 44 Korean soybean cultivars was as high as 0.93 for the total isoflavone content and was in the range of 0.8-0.92 for each composition group of isoflavone except for acetylglucoside. The total isoflavone content in cultivar group for soy-sprout was higher ($3850.4{\mu}g/g$) than that for the other cultivar groups of soy-paste and tofu ($3082.8{\mu}g/g$), black or green soybean cooked with rice ($2345.8{\mu}g/g$), and early maturity group ($1298.6{\mu}g/g$). The total isoflavone content of 'Sowonkong', a soybean cultivar for soy-sprout, was the highest ($5226.3{\mu}g/g$). In the cultivar group for soy-paste and tofu, the average isoflavone contents of 'Daepung', 'Daepung2ho', 'Saegeum', 'Uram', and 'Jinpung' were higher than $4000{\mu}g/g$. With the exception of small seeded cultivars with low isoflavone contents such as 'Sohwang' and 'Socheongja', the seed size and total isoflavone content were significantly negatively correlated in 2016 and 2017, respectively ($r=-0.47^{**}$ and $-0.49^{**}$). The number of days of growth from flowering to maturity did not affect the variations observed in isoflavone content.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.174-178
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• 2006

This study was conducted to compare the changes of isoflavone content grown at different planting dates and to determine a relationship between growing periods and isoflavone content, in soybean. A total fifty six soybean varieties, including summer type soybean, Chinese varieties and domestic soybean varieties, were used this experiment. Mean total isoflavone content of domestic soybean varieties was higher than summer type soybean varieties and Chinese varieties. And, the soybean isoflavone content was significantly increased in growth at late planting dates. Soybean isoflavone contents was increased with longer reproductive growth period. While, the relationship between seed weight and isoflavone content showed significantly negative correlation coefficient, -0.57 at Apr. 15, -0.51 at May 15, and -0.38 at Jun. 15, respectively planting dates.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.635-642
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the effects of isoflavone consumption on plasma and liver lipid profiles and immune responses in Sprague-Dawley male rats. Experimental animals fed isoflavone at various doses for 4 weeks (0, 1095, 2190, 4380 isoflavone mg/kg diet). Exposure to isoflavone decreased the food consumption and final body weights of rats without decreasing the relative weights of organs, hemoglobin and hematocrit. And the plasma cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, liver total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly decreased by isoflavone intakes. The absolute and relative weights of thymus were significantly decreased in groups fed isoflavone than in control. Also splenocyte proliferations with Con A or PHA were decreased according to isoflavone consumption in rats, although there was not significant. These results demonstrate that isoflavone intakes significantly improve lipid profiles in plasma and liver. But the effects of isoflavone intakes on immune responses are needed further experiments.