• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.263-270
• /
• 2016

Background: In this study, microwave extraction was used, which is an effective method to extract useful bioactive substances as it requires low quantities of solvent and short time periods. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal extraction conditions for Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. Methods and Results: The independent variables were ethanol concentration, microwave power, and extraction time, each of which had five levels. The dependent variables were total polyphenol and total flavonoid content, and DPPH radical scavenging activity. To determine the optimal extraction conditions for bioactive compounds, a response surface methodology was employed. Contour maps were generated from polynomial equations. The optimal conditions were then assumed by superimposing these contour maps. Based on the resulting graph, the optimal microwave extraction conditions for Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb were determined as 42 - 48% ethanol concentration, 240 - 280W microwave power, and 13 - 20 min of extraction time. Conclusions: Ethanol concentration had a significant effect on microwave extraction, in terms of total polyphenol and total flavonoid content, as well as DPPH radical scavenging activity. Microwave power and extraction time influenced the total polyphenol content, but not the total flavonoid content or the DPPH radical scavenging activity.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 1991

This study attempted to set up reasonable extraction time of Omija that was put in water for the various components to soak out. Changes of free sugars, organic acids, reducing sugar, total acid and tannin in Omija with various extraction times were investigated (together with the analysis of each components in Omija fruit). 1. High Performance Liquid Chromatography showed fructose, glucose, and sucrose to be the major free sugars of the Omija fruit. Free sugars and reducing sugar value in Omija beverage increased gradually in according with the extraction time, and marked 75.6% per total free sugars and 82.1% per total reducing sugar at 12 hours. 2. Gas Chromatography showed lactic acid, oxalic acid, fumaric acid, levulinic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, citric acid and pyroglutamic acid to be the major organic acids of the Omija fruit. Organic acids and total acids value in Omija beverage increased gradually on proportion to extraction time, and marked 97.0% per total organic acids at 9 hours and 79.0% per total acids at 12 hours. 3. Tannin content in Omija beverage was increased when extraction time was longer but it showed a low percentage as compared with the reducing sugar and total acid. Tannin content marked 48.8% per total tannin at 12 hours. 4. Sensory evaluation revealed that !1 hours of extraction produced the best quality products based in taste, flavor, color and over-all acceptability, considering the data, it seems possible to conclude that the optimum of time for extraction of Omija to water is 9 hours.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.409-416
• /
• 1999

Microwave extraction system equipped with closed vessels was applied to confirm its capability of extracting ginseng solubles including saponin, which was monitored to optimize extraction con ditions by response surface methodology. Total yield increased with the decrease in particles size and more extraction steps. Soluble components were completely extracted by operating the system within 6 min per one step, which should be repeated by 3 or 4 times. Optimized conditions for maxi mum extraction of response variables(total yield, crude saponin) were 40~50% of ethanol concentration, about 140oC of extraction temperature, and within 6 min of the extraction time. The extraction effi ciency of total yield was dependent on the decrease of ethanol concentration, while crude saponin content was favored on the higher degree of ethanol concentration. According to the temperature guideline, below 90oC of extraction temperature, the optimal ranges of extraction conditions were predicted as 30~50% of ethanol concentration and 2.5~6.5 min of extraction time. Estimated values of total yield and crude saponin were in good agreement with experimental values.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.51-55
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties of citrus peel extracts with different hot water extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis conditions. Enzymatic hydrolysis was also employed using Viscozyme L and results were compared with that of optimized hot water extract. Hot water extraction was performed under different parameters; the sample to solvent ratio(1:20, 1:15, 1:10), extraction time(2, 4 hrs), extraction temperature(85, $95^{\circ}C$) and enzymatic hydrolysis(0, 1%) and the subsequent extracts were used for determining their physicochemical properties, such as total yield, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and electron donating ability (EDA). With the increase in the sample to solvent ratio and extraction time, total yield, total phenolics, total flavonoids and EDA increased. But extraction temperature did not significantly affect the hot water extract. As hot water extract was hydrolyzed by the enzyme, total yield and active ingredients increased rapidly. In the result of total yield, total phenolics, total flavonoids and EDA, the activity of enzyme-treated extract was higher than those of enzyme-untreated extract. Based upon the overall hot water extraction efficiency, it was found that 20 times volume or 120 min at a time at $95^{\circ}C$ after enzyme treatment was optimal.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.325-329
• /
• 2018

본 연구에서는 항산화성분함량이 높다고 알려진 안젤리카를 이용하여 폴리페놀을 추출하고 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 추출과정을 최적화하였다. 반응표면분석법의 반응치로는 추출수율과 폴리페놀함량을 설정하였고, 추출공정의 계량인자로는 추출시간, 주정/초순수 부피비, 추출온도를 이용하였다. 추출수율과 폴리페놀함량 모두 계량인자의 주효과도와 교호효과도를 모두 고려하였을 때 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 인자는 추출시간이었다. 또한 반응표면분석 결과 안젤리카의 최적추출조건은 추출시간이 2.8 h, 주정/초순수 부피비 64.0 vol%, 추출온도 $56.6^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 이 조건의 추출수율은 24.6%, 폴리페놀함량은 8.76 mg GAE/g으로 산출되었다. 추출수율과 폴리페놀함량에 대한 회귀방정식의 결정계수 $R^2$은 각각 81.4%와 75.4%이었으며, 종합 만족도는 D = 0.80, 유의성은 5% 이내의 수준에서 인정되었다.

• 산업식품공학
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.256-266
• /
• 2017

This study was designed to optimize ethanol extraction process of unfertilized corn silk (UCS) to maximize phytochemical contents and bioactivities. The response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) was employed to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. The influence of ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and extraction time on total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, maysin contents, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activities and tyrosinase inhibition were analyzed. For all dependable variables, the most significant factor was ethanol concentration followed by extraction temperature and extraction time. The following optimum conditions were determined by simultaneous optimization of several responses with the Derringer's desirability function using the numerical optimization function of the Design-Expert program: ethanol concentration 80.45%, extraction temperature $53.49^{\circ}C$, and extraction time 4.95 h. Under these conditions, the predicted values of total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, maysin contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity and tyrosinase inhibition were $2758.74{\mu}g\;GAE/g$ dried sample, $1520.81{\mu}g\;QUE/g$ dried sample, 810.26 mg/100g dried sample, 56.86% and 43.49%, respectively, and the overall desirability (D) was 0.74.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.1104-1109
• /
• 2003

초임계 이산화탄소를 이용하여 감귤박으로부터 ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin을 포함한 carotenoids의 추출수율을 극대화하기 위하여, 주요 요인 변수인 추출 압력, 추출시간, 보조용매의 농도 등 추출 조건을 반응표면분석법에 의해 최적화하였다. Total carotenoids와 ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin의 추출수율에 대한 반응표면 회귀방정식의 $R^2$는 각각 0.9789과 0.9796이었고, 1% 이내의 수준에서 유의성이 인정되었다. 추출조건에 따라 예측된 정상점은 안장점이었으며 능선분석을 실시한 결과 total carotenoids과 ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin의 최대 추출수율은 각각 61.1%와 95.8%로 예측되었으며, 이 때의 추출 압력, 추출시간, ethanol의 농도는 각각 33.4MPa/39.6min/18.6%와 37.3 MPa/41.0 min/17.0%이었다. Total carotenoids의 추출수율은 추출 압력의 증가에 따라 증가하였지만 압력이 높을수록 일정한 값에 도달하는 경향을 보인 반면, 추출시간과 보조용매의 농도 증가에 따라 연속적으로 증가하였다. ${\beta}-Cryptoxanthin$의 추출수율은 추출 압력, 추출시간, 보조용매의 농도 증가에 따라 연속적으로 증가하였다. 감귤박으로부터 carotenoids의 추출에는 추출시간과 보조용매의 농도 사이의 상호작용이 중요한 역할을 하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제21권10호
• /
• pp.1265-1274
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the extraction characteristics including total polyphenol compound content (TPC) and the antioxidative effect of Rumex crispus root extract on commercial corn oil. Extraction yield was increased with extraction temperature but decreased with extraction ratio. No significant differences in aromatics content were found among the extracts prepared with various extraction conditions; extraction ratio, extraction temperature, extraction pH and composition of extractant. Total flavonoid content of the extract was increased with extraction temperature and extraction pH, and highest value of it was found when extractant composition of ethanol in water was 75%. Total polyphenol compound content (TPC) of the extract with 10 fold extraction ratio showed the highest value, but no significant difference in TPC was found with extraction temperature. Reducing power and DPPH (${\alpha}$,${\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging ability (RSA) of the extract in spectrophotometric absorbance were decreased with extraction ratio but increased with extraction temperature and showed 63.1%~98.4% and 67.6%~86.7% of those of ascorbic acid in reducing power and DPPH RSA, respectively. The antioxidative effects of the extract on corn oil were 84.8~93.0% of that of commercial butylated hydroxytoluene, the antioxidant index value was highest when the ethanol composition to water in extractant was equal ratio.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.996-1000
• /
• 2009

Sapium japonicum was extracted by a pressurized liquid. Operating parameters such as the type and the ratio of solvent to water, temperature, pressure, and number of extractions were investigated as the main variables that influence the extraction efficiencies of total phenolics (TP). MeOH extracted the highest level of TP as 50.4 mg GAE/g compared to 48.8 and 27.2 mg GAE/g with $H_2O$ and EtOH, respectively. $EtOH:H_2O$ (40:60, v/v) was found to be the best solvent for TP extraction as 90.3 mg GAE/g compared to 85.0 and 84.3 mg GAE/g in 40:60 and 60:40 of $MeOH:H_2O$, respectively. TP were increased with the increase of the number of extraction steps. TP content was increased by 11% as the extraction temperature was increased from 40 (97.4) to $50{\circ}C$ (108.3 mg GAE/g). The optimum extraction conditions of TP were; extraction solvent, $EtOH:H_2O$ (40:60, v/v); temperature, $50{\circ}C$; pressure, 10.2 MPa; 2 extraction steps.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to develop a functional feed additive for pig with spent $Lycium$ $chinense$ Mill fruit. We investigated the optimum conditions for the extraction of polyphenol from spent $Lycium$ $chinense$ Mill using methanol. Methanol concentration as a solvent for extraction, extraction time and the volume of solvent per a gram of solid (ground spent Lyceum chinense Mill) were selected as parameters. Three levels of parameters were configured according to Box Behnken experiment design, a fractional factorial design, and total 15 trials were employed. Total polyphenol concentration from each trial was used as response from experiment system and effects of parameters on total polyphenol extraction efficiency were determined using response surface model. As a result, all terms in analysis of variance, regression ($p$ = 0.001), linear ($p$ = 0.002), square ($p$ = 0.017) and interaction ($p$ = 0.047) was significant and adjusted determination coefficient ($R^2$) was 94.7%. Total polyphenol extraction efficiency was elevated along increased methanol content and decreased solvent to solid ratio. However extraction time did not affect the efficiency. This study provides a primary information for the optimum extraction conditions to maximize total polyphenol recovery from spent Lycium chinens Mill fruit and this result could be applied to re-use of argo-industrial by-products and to develop of functional feed additives in organic farming.