• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2007

Although animal and epidemiological studies have suggested oxidative stress as an etiological factor in pathogenesis including cancer, inflammation, sepsis, fibrosis, cardiovascularlneurodegenerative diseases and aging-related disorders, conflicting results have been obtained in clinical trial with antioxidants. The reason for this discrepancy remains unknown but may be due, in part, to the lack of a validated assay system for evaluating antioxidant capacity. The antioxidant activity of a series of sugar alcohols against peroxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrites was determined by the total oxy-radical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay and cell-based assay using H4IIE cells. Specific TOSC values calculated from the slope of the linear regression for erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol or mannitol against peroxyl radicals was $2.1{\pm}0.2,\;3.7{\pm}0.3,\;9.1{\pm}0.3$ or $8.7{\pm}1.1$ TOSC/mM, respectively. Specific TOSC values for erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol or mannitol against peroxynitrite was $1.9{\pm}0.3,\;3.9{\pm}0.4,\;7.8{\pm}0.7$ or $7.7{\pm}0.5$ TOSC/mM, respectively. These results suggest that oxy-radical scavenging capacity is dependent on the number of aliphatic hydroxyl group in sugar alcohols of monosaccharide. Tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced cell toxicity determined by MTT assay was marginally attenuated by 10 mM erythritol, but completely inhibited by 10 mM xylitol, 2 mM sorbitol or 0.75 mM maltitol, a disaccharide alcohol. Oxidative stress markers, such as glutathione (GSH) and malondial-dehyde (MDA) levels, were measured in t-BHP-treated cells using HPLC equipped with a fluorescence detector and a reverse phase column. Erythritol did not change the levels of GSH and MDA in H411E cells treated with t-BHP. The t-BHP-induced changes in cellular GSH and MDA levels were ameliorated by 10 mM xylitol and completely blocked by 10 mM sorbitol and maltitol. These results indicate that sugar alcohols protect cells against oxidative stress via scavenging oxy-radical and suggest that TOSC assay in conjunction with cell-based assay is a valid method for evaluating antioxidant capacity of natural and synthetic chemicals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2017

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with marigold extract on growth performance, pigmentation, antioxidant capacity and meat quality in broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 320 one-day-old Arbor Acres chickens were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 replicates of 8 chickens each. The chickens of control group were fed with basal diet and other experimental groups were fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.075%, 0.15%, 0.30%, and 0.60% marigold extract respectively (the corresponding concentrations of lutein were 15, 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg). Results: The results showed that marigold extract supplementation increased the yellowness values of shank, beak, skin and muscle and the redness ($a^*$) value of thigh muscle (linear, p<0.01). Marigold extract supplementation significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity, and the activities of superoxide dismutase in liver and thigh muscle (linear, p<0.01) and significantly decreased the malondialdehyde contents of liver and thigh muscle (linear, p<0.01). Marigold extract supplementation significantly decreased the drip loss and shear force of thigh muscles (linear, p<0.01). There was no significant effect on growth performance with marigold extract supplementation. Conclusion: In conclusion, dietary supplementation of marigold extract significantly increased the yellowness values of carcass, antioxidant capacity and meat quality in broiler chickens.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1491-1497
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 기능성이 강화된 유색보리 계통을 선발하고 유색보리 계통 육성 및 활용에 기초자료로 사용하기 위해 유색보리 40계통과 대조군인 춘추쌀보리, 겉보리를 $0.1\%$ TFA를 용매로 사용하여 3회 반복 추출 후 감압 농축 후 anthocyanin 함량, 색도 및 항산화효과를 측정하였다. 유색보리의 anthocyanin 색소함량과 색도를 측정한 결과 계통별로 큰 차이를 보였고, 색의 짙음과 옅음으로 그룹 I ,그룹 II, 그룹 III을 나눌 수 있었다. 계통별로 항산화효과에서도 상당한 차이가 있었으나, 제놀함량이 높았던 유색보리 계통이 전자 공여능, SOD-like 활성, lecithin 산화 저해활성능, hydro-gen radical 소거능이 높음을 알 수 있었으며, 여러가지 항산화실험에서 항산화능이 높게 측정되었던 No. 25, 27, 34, 35, 38이 anthocyanin을 함량이 높은 그룹 I에 포함되어 있어 anthocyanin을 함량과 항산화효과는 정의 상관관계로 나타났다. 따라서, 다른 유색 함유 작물처럼 색깔이 진한 유색보리 품종이 개발되어 다양한 생리활성이 입증된다면 새로운 기능성 식품소재로 활용가능성이 높을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.686-694
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• 2013

Shade treatment of Synurus deltoides (Aiton) Nakai was carried out with 0, 35, and 55% shading net, and samples were marked as no shade, 35% shade, and 55% shade, respectively. We examined in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-2-pricylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, a reducing power assay, a total antioxidant assay, a metal chelating assay, a superoxide radical scavenging assay, and a nitric oxide inhibition assay. As a result, no shade and 35% shade possessed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power ability than that of 55% shade. Notably, no shade had significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents than those in the other samples. No shade exhibited significantly higher total antioxidant activity than that of 35% shade and 55% shade. However, the chelating ability of 55% shade was significantly greater than that of no shade and 35% shade; 55% shade also showed significantly higher anti-inflammatory capacity than that of no shade or 35% shade.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2014

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italia) florets were extracted with 80% methanol and the extract was sequentially fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and distilled water. The extract and the fractions were evaluated for total phenolic content, sulforaphane content, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The total phenolic content and sulforaphane content of the ethyl acetate fraction (EF) were 35.5 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and $620.2{\mu}g/g$, respectively. These values were higher than those of the 80% methanol extract and organic solvent fractions. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity of the EF [$1,588.7{\mu}M$ Trolox equivalents (TE)/mg] was 11-fold higher than that of the distilled water fraction ($143.7{\mu}M\;TE/mg$). The EF inhibited nitric oxide release from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ degradation and nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ activation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, the EF of broccoli florets exerted potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.418-423
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Spirulina, a blue-green alga, is widely produced and commercialized as a dietary supplement with bio- and immune-modulatory functions. We have previously shown that spirulina had favorable effects on lipid profiles, immune functions, and antioxidant capacity in healthy Korean elderly. Despite favorable effect of spirulina supplementation, some sub-populations have shown a poor response to supplementation. Obesity is a factor related to poor-response. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the immuno-modulation, antioxidant capacity, and lipid-lowering effect of spirulina in obese and non-obese Korean elderly. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were 78 elderly aged 60-87 years. In a randomized double blind, placebo-controlled study, subjects were fed either placebo or spirulina daily, at 8 g for 12 weeks. Subjects were divided into the non-obese group and the obese group based on body mass index (BMI) criteria for Asians suggested by the International Obesity Task Force: $BMI<25kg/m^2$ (non-obese) and $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$ (obese). RESULTS: In the non-obese group, spirulina supplementation showed a significant lowering effect on plasma concentration of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, a significant increase in interleukin (IL)-2 concentration (P < 0.01) and a significant increment (P < 0.05) in IL-2/IL-6 ratio, and a significant increase in total antioxidant status level and a significant decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level. However, these effects were not observed in the obese group. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that blood lipid lowering and immune and antioxidant improving response for spirulina supplement was affected by obesity in Korean elderly.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2004

In postmenopausal women, the incidence of cardiovascular disease(CVD) is common and there is growing evidences that astaxanthin has a strong antioxidant capacity and plays a beneficial role in the prevention of CVD. However, current data are not sufficient to determine the effect of astaxanthin on improving lipid profiles and antioxidant capacity in human. In this study, 15 healthy postmenopausal women were divided into 3 groups and given astaxanthin supplements of 0,2 or 8mg/day for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken before and after 4 and 8 weeks of astaxanthin supplementation for analysis of serum total choelsterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, plasma TBARS, total antioxidant status(TAS) and urinary 8-isoprostanes. HDL-cholesterollevels in 2mg and 8mg group increased significantly after 8 weeks from 50.6$\pm$5.8 to 60.4$\pm$7.1mg/dl, 44.4$\pm$10.7 to 49.4$\pm$2.7$mg/dl$ respectively (p<0.05). In the 2mg group, triglyceride decreased significantly from 171.6$\pm$67.4 mg/$dl$ to 145.8$\pm$5.1$mg/dl$ (p<0.05). Plasma TBARS level in the 2mg group decreased from 1.42$\pm$0.18nM/mg to 1.13$\pm$0.18nM/mg after 8 weeks (p<0.05). In the 8mg group, TBARS level decreased significantly from 1.62$\pm$0.14nM/mg to 1.13$\pm$0.12nM/mg after 8 weeks (p<0.05). TAS, as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, increased significantly from 0.85$\pm$0.42mM/$l$ to 1.90$\pm$0.58mM$l$ after 8 weeks in the 8mg group (p<0.05). Urinary 8-isoprostanes excretion did not decrease significantly with astaxanthin supplementation. In conclusion, it would be helpful for postmenopausal women with common cardiovascular disease to supplement with astaxanthin as an antioxidant.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.476-484
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• 2006

To elucidate the relationship between blood parameters related bone metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activity in postmenopausal period 60 women residing in Iksan area were recruited. Food and nutrient intake of each individual subject were estimated by 24-hour recalls of 3 non-consecutive days. The biochemical markers including total protein, albumin, osteocalcin (intact bone gla protein; BOP), calcium, phosphorus and hemoglobin were measured in fasting blood. In addition, parameters of antioxidative capacity including the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) , catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TA) were monitored in blood, also. The mean age, height, weight, and BM! of subjects were 64.8 years, 151.1 em, 59.5 kg $26.0\;kg/m^2$, respectively. The mean SOD, GPx, and CAT activities were 138.5 U/ml, 1,273.8 U/ml and 314.3 kU/l respectively, and TA was 1.16 mmol/l without significant difference among different age groups. BMI was positively correlated with SOD activity (p < 0.01). SOD activity and CAT activity showed positive correlation with serum albumin (p < 0.05) and hemoglobin (p < 0.01). In conclusion, this study revealed that antioxidant enzyme activity holds a significant relationship with the blood parameters like as serum albumin and hemoglobin in postmenopausal women and further systematic research is needed to investigate the their relation mechanism.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.218-218
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• 2017

Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) has been extensively investigated due to their biological activities. In this study, total polyphenol content (TPC), total phenolic acid content (TPA), and total flavonoid content (TFC) in 209 Korean adzuki bean landraces were determined by colorimetric methods. Antioxidant effects were evaluated with the DPPH, ABTS, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reducing power (RP), and SOD assays. TPC, TPA, and TFC in the 209 Korean adzuki bean landraces ranged from 1.1 to 11.7 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, 0.37 to 5.03 mg caffeic acid equivalents/g, and 0.17 to 0.91 mg quercetin equivalents/g, respectively. Antioxidant activities as assessed by the DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, PR, and SOD assays showed wide variation, ranging from 12.2 to 86.3 (IC50), 0.85 to 5.25 mg ascorbic acid equivalents (ASC)/g, 0.41 to 5.44 mg ASC/g, 0.54 to 1.83 mg ASC/g, and 60.4 to 142.8 (IC50), respectively. Using the relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI), we found that the IT189394 sample had the highest antioxidant activity. In clustering analysis, 209 Korean adzuki bean landraces were classified into three clusters. Among them, cluster I contained 22 accessions with higher antioxidant activities, TPC, TFC, and TPA and smaller seed sizes than the other clusters. We anticipate that these results will provide useful information for the development of adzuki bean-based functional foods.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.160-164
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• 2016

Two onions (Sulfur-1 and Sulfur-4) cultivated with different sulfur applications were thermally processed to elucidate the effects of heat treatment on browning index and antioxidant activity. Sulfur-4 onion had higher sulfur content compared with the Sulfur-1 onion. After thermal processing, browning intensity was different between the two onions juices, with lower values observed for Sulfur-4 onion juice. This suggests that sulfur inhibits the Maillard browning reaction. The total reducing capacity of the juices increased at higher thermal processing temperatures; however, it was also lower in the Sulfur-4 onion juice. This suggests that the heat treatment of onions enhanced their antioxidant activity, but the effect was offset in the Sulfur-4 onion juice presumably due to higher sulfur content. This study indicates that sulfur, a core element for the functionality of onions, can decrease the antioxidant activity of thermally processed onions because of its potential as a Maillard reaction inhibitor.