• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.299-309
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of black soybean (CJ-3) testa extracts on lipid profiles in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: One control group and four STZ-induced diabetic groups with different doses of black soybean (CJ-3) testa extracts treatment [0 mg/kg (diabetic control, EX), 250 mg/kg (EX-250), 500 mg/kg (EX-500), 1,000 mg/kg (EX-1000)] were orally administered for 4 weeks. Results: All CJ-3 treatment groups had remarkably lower serum triglyceride (TG) levels than that of EX group (p < 0.05) whereas hepatic TG contents did not show any differences. Results from serum total cholesterol (TC) concentrations of EX-250 and EX-1000 groups were decreased compared to EX group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, protein levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase from the liver decreased in all treatment groups (p < 0.05). However, significant differences were not observed in serum glucose and insulin, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) protein expression in skeletal muscle tissue. Conclusion: These results suggest that black soybean testa extracts could be useful for improvement of hyperlipidemia and hypercholesteremia in diabetes.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.226-235
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• 2017

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a shrub which grows well in a tropical climate. There are large amounts of anthocyanins, organic acids and other compounds in roselle. Mostly, roselle is cultivated to use its red calyx. Its calyx is used as a natural food colorant and commonly consumed as a tea. This quality study was conducted to investigate the characteristics and antioxidant activities of Sulgidduck with roselle calyx powder. Four samples and a control were made with different ratios of added roselle calyx powder (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%). The moisture content of the 0.5%-sample was the highest as 40.60%, and that of the 2%-sample was the lowest as 37.37%. The pH of samples significantly decreased from 6.26 to 3.65 as the amount of roselle calyx powder increased (p<0.05). The L-value of samples also significantly decreased (p<0.05). In contrast, a-value and ${\Delta}E$ of samples significantly increased with elevated amounts of roselle calyx powder (p<0.05). The b-value of roselle calyx added Sulgidduck samples significantly increased compared to the control (p<0.05). Hardness and chewiness of Sulgidduck samples with added roselle calyx also significantly increased compared to the control (p<0.05). Cohesiveness of Sulgidduck samples with roselle calyx significantly decreased compared to control (p<0.05), with the exception of the 1% sample. There were no significant differences in springiness among samples. Total phenolic contents significantly increased when roselle calyx powder was added above a level of 1.5% (p<0.05). The flavonoid content of the control was the lowest as 0.73. ABTS radical scavenging activity significantly increased with increasing amounts roselle calyx powder (p<0.05). The 2%-sample got the lowest sensory preference scores in sweetness and overall acceptability. In contrast, the control and 1%-sample got the highest sensory preference scores. Based on these study findings, addition of 1% roselle calyx powder optimized the preparation of Sulgidduck and roselle calyx is therefore a useful natural colorant and antioxidant.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to identify and compare the main phenolic compounds (anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids) in blueberry and black raspberry cultivated in Korea using ultra-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS). METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-nine flavonoids were identified by comparison of ultraviolet and mass spectra with data in a chemical library and published data. Blueberry contained flavonols including kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, myricetin, and syringetin aglycones. Isorhamnetin 3-O-robinobioside, kaempferol 3-O-(6"-O-acetyl)glucoside, quercetin, quercetin 3-O-arabinofuranoside (avicularin), quercetin 3-O-(6''-O-malonyl) glucoside, and quercetin 3-O-robinobioside were detected for the first time in blueberry. The flavonoids in raspberry consisted of quercetin aglycone and its glycosides. The mean total flavonoid content in blueberry [143.0 mg/100 g dry weight (DW)] was 1.5-times that in raspberry (95.4 mg/100 g DW). The most abundant flavonoid in blueberry was quercetin 3-O-galactoside (hyperoside, up to 76.1 mg/100 g DW) and that in raspberry was quercetin 3-O-glucuronide (miquelianin, up to 55.5 mg/100 g DW). Miquelianin was not detected in blueberry. CONCLUSION: Flavonol glycosides were the main flavonoids in blueberry and black raspberry cultivated in Korea. The composition and contents of flavonoids differed between blueberry and black raspberry, and may be affected by the cultivar and cultivation conditions.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.549-565
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics and functional materials of baby vegetables as affected by different LEDs and luminous intensity at Anseongsi, Gyeonggi Province, in 2014. Test crops were beet, chicory, spinach, red leaf lettuce, crown daisy and red mustard purchased from the seed company of Dongbu Hannong and Jinheung. Growth characteristics were measured and the content of functional materials was analyzed 40 days after seeding at plug plate. Treatment of Red+Blue (4:1) at $150{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ luminous intensity showed the highest number of leaves in five baby vegetables of beet, chicory, red leaf lettuce, crown daisy and red mustard. The highest shoot length of chicory, spinach, red leaf lettuce, crown daisy and red mustard was obtained from the treatment of Red+Blue (4:1) at $150{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ luminous intensity. Fresh weight and dry weight of all six baby vegetables were the highest in treatment of Red+Blue (4:1) at $150{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ luminous intensity. Content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b of spinach, red leaf lettuce and red mustard showed the highest in Fluorescent lamp at $150{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ luminous intensity whereas other crops did not show definite trend under different LEDs lights and luminous intensity. The highest total content of anthocyanins and polyphenol were obtained from the treatment of Red+Blue (4:1) at $150{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ luminous intensity in all six baby vegetables. Free radical scavenging activity was highest in all six vegetable crops at $150{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ luminous intensity, but it was not different significantly between LEDs. As a result, the growth and the content of functional material of baby vegetables are generally to be increased in Red+Blue (4:1) at $150{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ luminous intensity. Mixed light of Red+Blue is thought to give good effect on the growth and the content of functional material in baby vegetable crops. Because there are many differences in regard of LED lights, crop varieties, cultivation and experimental methods in their impact on the growth and functional materials of baby vegetables among researchers, it is considered that a more precise studies are needed for the crop responses to LED light and luminous intensity.