• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.81-91
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• 2003

최근 우리나라의 대도시에서는 주거와 상업기능을 동시에 갖는 복합용도의 건축물이 많이 건설되고 있는데, 이러한 건물은 대부분 하부골조에서 연층, 약층 또는 비틀림 비정형을 띠게 된다. 본 논문의 목적은 이러한 건물의 지진응답을 실험을 통해 관찰하는 것으로서 1:12 축소모델의 진동대 실험을 통해 다음과 같은 결론에 이르렀다. 1) 구조물의 불확실성으로 인한 우발비틀림을 예측하는 것은 정적해석에 의한 방법보다 동적해석에 의한 방법이 더 타당하였다. 2) 횡운동과 비틀림운동이 연관되어 있을 때, 전도모멘트는 지진방향 뿐만 아니라 지진방향에 수직인 방향으로도 상당부분 작용하였으며, 일반적인 해석프로그램에서 수행하는 모드해석법으로는 이와 같은 거동을 예측하기에 부적절하였다. 3) 모드형상과 BST 다이아그램을 통해 대상구조물과 같은 건물의 주요 진동모드와 파괴양상을 쉽게 예측할 수 있었다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2014

15Cr-1Mo base oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel which is considered to be as a promising candidate for high- temperature components in nuclear fusion and fission systems because of its excellent high temperature strength, corrosion and radiation resistance was fabricated by using mechanical alloying, hot isostatic pressing and hot rolling. Torsion tests were performed at room temperature, leading to two different shear strain routes in the forward and reverse directions. In this study, microstructure evolution of the ODS steel during simple shearing was investigated. Fine grained microstructure and a cell structure of dislocation with low angle boundaries were characterized with shear strain in the shear deformed region by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). Grain refinement with shear strain resulted in an increase in hardness. After the forward-reverse torsion, the hardness value was measured to be higher than that of the forward torsion only with an identical shear strain amount, suggesting that new dislocation cell structures inside the grain were generated, thus resulting in a larger strengthening of the steel.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.741-771
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• 2007

Tests were conducted on two partially pre-stressed concrete solid beams subjected to combined loading of bending, shear and torsion. The beams were designed using the Direct Design Method which is based on the Lower Bound Theorem of the Theory of Plasticity. Both beams were of $300{\times}300mm$ cross-section and 3.8 m length. The two main variables studied were the ratio of the maximum shear stress due to the twisting moment, to the shear stress arising from the shear force, which was varied between 0.69 and 3.04, and the ratio of the maximum twisting moment to the maximum bending moment which was varied between 0.26 and 1.19. The required reinforcement from the Direct Design Method was compared with requirements from the ACI and the BSI codes. It was found that, in the case of bending dominance, the required longitudinal reinforcements from all methods were close to each other while the BSI required much larger transverse reinforcement. In the case of torsion dominance, the BSI method required much larger longitudinal and transverse reinforcement than the both the ACI and the DDM methods. The difference in the transverse reinforcement is more pronounce. Experimental investigation showed good agreement between design and experimental failure loads of the beams designed using the Direct Design Method. Both beams failed within an acceptable range of the design loads and underwent ductile behaviour up to failure. The results indicate that the Direct Design Method can be successfully used to design partially prestressed concrete solid beams which cater for the combined effect of bending, shear and torsion loads.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.577-592
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• 2017

A computing procedure is presented to predict the ultimate behavior of prestressed beams under torsion. This computing procedure is based on an extension of the Variable Angle Truss-Model (VATM) to cover both longitudinal and transversal prestressed beams. Several constitutive relationships are tested to model the behavior of the concrete in compression in the struts and the behavior of the reinforcement in tension (both ordinary and prestress). The theoretical predictions of the maximum torque and corresponding twist are compared with some results from reported tests and with the predictions obtained from some codes of practice. One of the tested combinations of the relationships for the materials was found to give simultaneously the best predictions for the resistance torque and the corresponding twist of prestressed beams under torsion. When compared with the predictions from some codes of practice, the theoretical model which incorporates the referred combination of the relationships provides best values for the torsional strength and leads to more optimized designs.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.65-82
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• 1993

주응력회전시 모래의 응력-변형률 거동을 조사하기 위하여 Santa Monies해변의 모래에 대 한 비틀림전단시험이 여러가지 응력경로에 대해 실시되었다. 모래에 대한 비틀림전단시험에서는 점토에서와 달리 Torque의 작용방향을 시계방향과 반시계방향 모두에 대해 작용하였으며, 공시체의 측방변형량 측정도 내부압축실의 체적변형량으로부터 평균 변형량을 측정함으로 점토시 사용하였던 Clip gage를 제거하여 시험을 보다 편리하게 할 수 있었으며 어느 일부분에서 측정했던 측방변형을 대표값으로 사용하였던 단점을 보완하였다. 그리고 공시체의 제작은 모래를 공중낙하법에 의해 실시하여 밀도를 균등하게 만들었으며 공시체의 체적변형량은 COI 가스를 이용하여 체적변형량 측정을 보다 정확하게 할 수 있었다. 시험결과로부터 비틀림전단시험에 의한 모래의 응력 -변형률 거동이 조사되었으며 또한 주응력축 회전효과가 검토되었다. 그리고 연직응력이나 전단응력중 하나가 고정인 상태에서 다른 하중을 작용하였을시 선행하중에 의한 결합효과(coupling effect)에 의해 선행하중에 대한 전단변형률과 연직변형률이 계속 관찰되었다. 한편 축변형률에 대한 주응력비 o1/o3의 관계에서 파괴가 발생하는 축변형률의 위치는 축차주응력비 b(=(o2-o3)/(o1-o3))가 증가함에 따라 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.703-731
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• 2013

In order to verify the applicability of buckling restrained braces (BRB's) and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets to the seismic strengthening of a low-rise RC building having the irregularities of a soft/weak story and torsion at the ground story, a series of earthquake simulation tests were conducted on a 1:5 scale RC building model before, and after, the strengthening, and these test results are compared and analyzed, to check the effectiveness of the strengthening. Based on the investigations, the following conclusions are made: (1) The BRB's revealed significant slips at the joint with the existing RC beam, up-lifts of columns from RC foundations and displacements due to the flexibility of foundations, and final failure due to the buckling and fracture of base joint angles. The lateral stiffness appeared to be, thereby, as low as one seventh of the intended value, which led to a large yield displacement and, therefore, the BRB's could not dissipate seismic input energy as desired within the range of anticipated displacements. (2) Although the strengthened model did not behave as desired, great enhancement in earthquake resistance was achieved through an approximate 50% increase in the lateral resistance of the wall, due to the axial constraint by the peripheral BRB frames. Finally, (3) whereas in the original model, base torsion was resisted by both the inner core walls and the peripheral frames, the strengthened model resisted most of the base torsion with the peripheral frames, after yielding of the inner core walls, and represented dual values of torsion stiffness, depending on the yielding of core walls.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.979-984
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• 2012

Antiroll-bar Assembly는 철도 차량의 롤링을 제어하도록 설계된 정밀 부품이고 안전과 편안한 승차감을 위해 중요하다. Antiroll-bar Assembly의 주부품인 토션바는 소모품으로써 프랑스에서 전량 수입되고 있다. 따라서 비용절감과 성능향상을 위해 국내 환경에 적합한 토션바 국산화 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 국내 철도에서 측정된 로드 히스토그램을 활용하여 개발된 토션바에 대한 해석 및 시험을 진행하였고, 수입품과의 비교 시험 결과 만족할만한 결과를 얻었다. 또한 토션바의 부식현상을 방지하기 위해서 스테인리스강 소재의 Ring cover를 씌울 수 있도록 설계를 변경하였다. 변경된 설계 안전성은 CAE해석과 마모시험을 통해서 검증하였다. 이 결과 설계변경에 의한 정적 및 피로에 대한 안전성은 큰 차이가 없었다. 그리고 2종류의 스테인리스강 중에서 내마모성이 우수한 소재를 채택하였다.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1992년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 92
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• pp.59-70
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• 1992

Appropriate yield criteria are necessary to perform computer simulation for densification processes of powder compacts and sintered metals. Various yield functions have been reviewed and a new form for yield criterion has been advanced. The yield criterion satisfies experimental results from combined tension and torsion tests of sintered porous iron specimens.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 1997

실제지반에 하중이 가하여 질 경우 발생되는 주응력회전시의 지반거동을 해석하기 위하여 등 방단일경화구성모델이 적용되었다. 이 모델에 의한 해석결과는 Ko압밀점토의 중공 원통형 공시체에 여러가지 응력경로를 대상으로 실시된 일련의 비틀림전단시험에 의한 시험치와 좋은 일치를 보이고 있다. 결국 주응력회전시의 지반거동은 등방압축 및 통상적인 압밀비배수 삼축압축시험으로 얻을 수 있는 간단한 정보만을 활용한 이 모델로 예측될 수 있음을 알았다. 비틀림전단시험결과와 해석결과 모두에서 등방탄소성 지반거동을 최초재하 (primary loading)단계 동안에 관찰할 수 있었다. 그러나, Ko압밀응력의 등방항복면내에서 감하나 수재하와 같은 응력 반전을 실시할 경우 최대주변형률증분 방향의 해석치는 시험치와 일치하지 않았다. 이는 응력반전시의 지반거동을 해석하기 위하여는 등방경화모델 (isotropic hardening model)보다 는 이동경화모델(kinematic hardening model)이 개발되어야함을 의미한다. 또한 본 연구에서는 일공간에서 변형률증분벡터의 시험치가 관련흐름법칙 및 비관련흐름법칙에 의한 해석법과 비교되었다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.515-530
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• 2020

A new type of pure torsional yielding damper made from steel pipe is proposed and introduced. The damper uses a special mechanism to apply force and therefore applies pure torsion in the damper. Uniform distribution of the shear stress caused by pure torsion resulting in widespread yielding along pipe and consequently dissipating a large amount of energy. The behavior of the damper is investigated analytically and the governing relations are derived. To examine the performance of the proposed damper, four types of the damper are experimentally tested. The results of the tests show the behavior of the system as stable and satisfactory. The behavior characteristics include initial stiffness, yielding load, yielding deformation, and dissipated energy in a cycle of hysteretic behavior. The tests results were compared with the numerical analysis and the derived analytical relations outputs. The comparison shows an acceptable and precise approximation by the analytical outputs for estimation of the proposed damper behavior. Therefore, the relations may be applied to design the braced frame system equipped by the pure torsional yielding damper. An analytical model based on analytical relationships was developed and verified. This model can be used to simulate cyclic behavior of the proposed damper in the dynamic analysis of the structures equipped with the proposed damper. A numerical study was conducted on the performance of an assumed frame with/without proposed damper. Dynamic analysis of the assumed frames for seven earthquake records demonstrate that, equipping moment-resisting frames with the proposed dampers decreases the maximum story drift of these frames with an average reduction of about 50%.