• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.657-662
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 비대칭 이중게이트(double gate; DG) MOSFET의 상 하단 게이트전압에 대한 문턱전압이하 스윙을 분석하였다. 비대칭 DGMOSFET는 4단자소자로서 상단과 하단의 게이트단자에 별도의 전압을 인가할 수 있는 구조이다. 그러므로 문턱전압이하 영역에서 전송특성을 분석하기 위해선 상단게이트전압에 대한 문턱전압이하 스윙뿐만이 아니라 하단게이트전압에 대한 문턱전압이하 스윙의 변화도 분석하여야 한다. 이를 위하여 가우시안 분포함수를 이용한 포아송방정식의 해석학적 전위분포를 구하여 문턱전압이하 스윙에 대한 해석학적 모델을 제시하였다. 이 문턱전압이하 모델을 이용하여 문턱전압이하 스윙을 상 하단 게이트 전압에 따라 관찰한 결과, 문턱전압이 하 스윙은 게이트전압에 따라 크게 변화하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 상 하단 게이트 전압에 따라 전도중심이 변화하며 이로 인하여 문턱전압이하 스윙에 영향을 미치고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2014

써멀비아나 수직 배선으로 사용하기 위한 Cu 관통비아를 열린 비아 hole의 top-down filling 도금공정과 bottom-up filling 도금공정으로 형성 후 미세구조를 관찰하였다. 직류도금전류를 인가하면서 열린 비아 홀 내를 top-down filling 도금하거나 bottom-up filling 도금함으로써 내부기공이 없는 건전한 Cu 관통비아를 형성하는 것이 가능하였다. 열린 비아 홀의 top-down filling 공정에서는 Cu filling 도금 후 시편의 윗면과 밑면에서 과도금된 Cu 층을 제거하기 위한 chemical-mechanical polishing(CMP) 공정이 요구되는데 비해, 열린 비아 홀의 bottom-up filling 공정에서는 과도금된 Cu층을 제거하기 위한 CMP 공정이 시편 윗면에서만 요구되는 장점이 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.608-617
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• 2020

For efficient use and expansion of domestic small- and medium-diameter woods, cross-laminated wood panels composed of tropical hardwoods and domestic temperate woods were fabricated, and the bending creep behavior under long-term loading was investigated. The bending creep curve of the cross-laminated wood panels showed an exponential function graph with a sharp increase at the top right side. The wood panel composed of a teak top layer and larch core and bottom layers recorded the highest initial deformation, and that composed of a merbau top layer and tulip core and bottom layers showed the lowest initial deformation. Creep deformation of the cross-laminated wood panels showed the highest value in that composed of a teak top layer and larch core and bottom layers and showed the lowest value in that composed of a merbau top layer and tulip core and bottom layers. The obtained creep deformation is 3.1-4.3 times that of merbau, however, it is remarkably lower than that of tulip and larch. The highest relative creep was recorded by the wood panel composed of merbau top layer and larch core and bottom layers, whereas that composed of the teak top layer and tulip core and bottom layers showed the lowest relative creep.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1593-1597
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• 2000

In the quiescent state, cattle-manure slurry stratifies into three discernible layers, namely a floating scum layer, a bottom sludge layer and a watery middle layer. The proportions of top (scum), middle and bottom (sludge) layers were approximately 20, 60 and 20% respectively of the volume of the whole slurry. Particulate matter from the different stratified layers was characterised for particle size distribution and cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin composition. Total solids concentrations of top, middle and bottom layers were 12.7, 2.8 and 7.4% respectively. Larger particles were found in the top layer compared with the bottom. The top layer contained the highest amounts of Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF), Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose, but the lowest amount of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN). The bottom layer contained the highest amounts of Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) and TKN. With increase in particle size, there were increases in NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemicellulose, accompanied by decreases in ADL and TKN. Biochemical methane potential of the three layers was also measured. The top layer was found to produce the most methane with the middle layer producing the least. Biomethanation rate from the top layer was also the highest. Differences in biomethanation rates and biochemical methane potential were attributed to differences in chemical composition of the particulate matter. About 48%, 23% and 30% of the total chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the top, middle and bottom layers respectively of the slurry was found to be degradable.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.51-66
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• 2002

The main purpose of this study is to differentiate Sasang Constitutions of men and women by measuring 5 parts of the body. By the definitions about Four Chos(四焦) in ${\ulcorner}$The Discourse on Viscera and Bowels(臟腑論)${\lrcorner}$, the body is divided into four parts and sets up the five borderlines. They are Top-line, Bosom-line, Stomach-line, Navel-line and Bottom-line. Top-line(第一線) is the horizontal distance between Rt. & Lt. Coracoid processes passing through the acupuncture point CV-22(天突穴) or the horizontal distance between Rt. & Lt. beginning points of Axillary lines. Bosom-line(第二線) is the horizontal distance passing through Rt.& Lt. Nipples. Stomach-line(第三線) is the horizontal distance passing through Rt.& Lt. acupuncture point ST-19(不容穴). Navel-line(第四線) is the horizontal distance passing through the navel(CV-8; 神闕穴) and the acupuncture point ST-25(天樞穴). Bottom-line(第五線) is the horizontal distance between Rt. & Lt. Anterior Superior Iliac Spine(ASIS). The measured numerical values of Five Lines are the most important factors to classify the Four Constitutions(Taeyangin, Taeumin, Soyangin, Soeumin). Among the five lines, Stomach-line(Middle-line) is the base line to decide Yin and Yang. As a result, I could differentiate the four Constitutions as follows. 1. Taeyangin's Top-line is more than 36cm long. Top-line is the longest. Bottom-line is the shortest. The length-difference between Top-line and Bottom-line is more or less 10cm long. 2. In case of Taeumin, Navel-line is the longest. The numerical values of Middle and Bottom lines are almost the same or Bottom-line is shorter than Middle-line by 1 or 2 cm long. In some special case, the five lines are all the same and the body just looks like a log. 3. In case of Soyangin, just like Taeyangin, Top-line is the longest. Bottom-line is the shortest. The length of Top-line is ranged between 30cm to 35cm long. From Top-line to Bottom-line, the length gradually diminishes each by 2cm: for example, 34-32-30-28-26. 4. In case of Soeumin, the longest one is Bottom-line. Specially, Navel-line is shorter than Middle-line. Bottom-line is longer than the Middle.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제32B권10호
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• pp.1358-1363
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• 1995

This paper presents a new learning method for a noise tolerant Fuzzy ART. In the conventional Fuzzy ART, the top-down and bottom-up weight vectors have the same value. They are updated by a fuzzy AND operation between the input vector and the current value of the top-down or bottom- up weight vectors. However, it can not prevent the abrupt change of the weight vector and can not achieve good performance for a noisy input vector. To solve the problems, we updated using the weighted sum of the input vector and the current value of the top-down vector. To achieve stability, the bottom-up weight vector is updated using the fuzzy AND operation between the newly learned top-down vector and the current value of the bottom-up vector. Computer simulations show that the proposed method prominently resolves the category proliferation problem without increasing the training epoch for stabilization in noisy environments.

• 한국데이타베이스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국데이타베이스학회 2010년도 춘계국제학술대회
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• pp.181-185
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• 2010

The current method for accessing interconnection charges in Korea, called a hybrid model in this paper, mixes a top-down with a bottom-up LRIC model. The method has given stable charges so far. However, according to the fundamental changes of the market, policy, and network technology in the telecommunications industry, it requires analyzing the validity of the method. We investigate the problems of the top-clown, bottom-up, and hybrid model used in Korea and analyze their effect on regulation policy.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.988-991
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• 2011

We fabricated a copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) based field-effect transistor with different device structure as a bottom and top contact FET. Also, we used a $SiO_2$ as a gate insulator and analyzed using a current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the bottom and top contact CuPc FET device. In order to discuss the channel formation, we were observed the capacitance-gate voltage(C-V) characteristics of the bottom and top contact CuPc FET device.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2009년도 9th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.461-463
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• 2009

We report on the fabrication of ZnO-based thin-film transistor (TFT) inverters with top and bottom gate structures with $Al_2O_3$ dielectrics grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Since the top gate ZnO-based TFT showed somewhat lower field effect mobility than that of the bottom gate device, our ZnO-based TFT inverters were designed with identical dimensions for both channels. This TFT inverter device demonstrated an high voltage gain at a low supply voltage of 5 V and clear dynamic behavior.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.209-213
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• 2005

Slow sand filtration processes amended with 5 and 10cm GAC layers at top was compared to same process at bottom in a pilot study for humic substances removal. In case of 5cm GAC layer, the process amended at bottom was superior to the process at top in DOC and UV254nm removal and same trends were observed in case of 10cm GAC layer. Head loss developments of the process GAC at bottom were higher than the process GAC at top so that maintenance of the process GAC at top is easier than the process GAC at bottom.