• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1297-1309
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of shirt color, tie color, tone, perceiver' gender on impression formation by applying tone-in-tone coloration of shirt and necktie: coloration of two colors. This experiment was designed to utilize the $2{\times}6{\times}4{\times}2$ factorial designs. and they are shirt color(red, blue), tie color(red, yellow red, yellow, green, blue, purple), tone(vivid, light, dull, dark), and perceiver' gender(a male, a female). The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 48 upper body photographs which were color outputs by CAD system(4D-box program). The subjects of this research were 288 male and 288 female college students. There were established impression dimension from factor analysis 27 bi-polar adjectives and investigated the effect of interaction between each variable affected impression formations. The items of the adjectives are classified into 4 Impression dimensions: activity, potency, attractiveness, and tenderness. Shirt color, tie color, tone, and perceiver' gender influenced on impression formation. Specially, tie color and tone influenced on the 4 impression dimension greatly by interaction as well as independently. As a result tie is very important clue of impression formation in tone-in-tone coloration of shirt and necktie. Even though tie occupies only a small area in men's clothes it has great effect since it is close to the face.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.2221-2228
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• 2020

Background: Shoes cover the feet and ankle joints and come into contact with the ground directly during walking, and the shape of shoes is related to the muscle tone of the lower extremity muscles. However, no study has been conducted on the muscle tone of the lower extremity after wearing combat boots. Objectives: To compare and analyze the effects of walking in combat boots and in athletic shoes on muscle tone and stiffness, to identifying the effect of the characteristics of shoes on the muscle tone. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty subjects were randomly divided into a combat boots group and an athletic shoes group, and interventions were implemented. Both groups walked for 30 minutes on a treadmill at 4.2 km/h. MyotonPRO was used to measure the muscle tone and stiffness of the lower extremity. The measuring sites were set to five muscles on both legs. Results: In the combat boots group, muscle tone and stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius on the dominant side, the muscle tone and stiffness of rectus femoris, and the muscle stiffness of hamstring on the non-dominant side significantly decreased after walking. In the athletic shoes group, there was no significant change in the muscle tone and stiffness. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used to inform the wearing combat boots while walking on a treadmill reduces the muscle tone and stiffness of the lower extremity compared to athletic shoes. It indicates that the restriction of joint movement occurring when wearing combat boots influences reducing muscle tone and stiffness.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.12-24
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency of systematic color combination for apparel and textile design. We planned the new color systems, HUE AND TONE COLOR SYSTEM 277 and HUE AND TONE COLOR SYSTEM 253 USED KOREAN TRADITIONAL COLORS. In order to emprove the efficiency, this study aims to explore the development of systematic color combination by computer graphics. With this purpose, this study progressed in the following order and we obtained these results. 1. First, we considered the possibility of the development of the systematic color combination used the new color system, HUE AND TONE COLOR SYSTEM 277. We considered the possibility of the development of the systematic color combination by graphic computer SDS-480. Through the experimental regulation of the RGB (Red, Green, Blue) and HLS (Hue, Lightness, Saturation) we obtained an approximation of the colors of the HUE AND TONE COLOR SYSTEM 277 on the CRT display of SDS-480. 2. We planned the new color system, HUE AND TONE COLOR SYSTEM 253 USED KOREAN TRADITIONAL COLORS for systematic color combination. 3. In a practical application, we tried five principal types of color combination in apparel and textile design, monochromatic combination, tone on tone combination, moderate combination, tonal combination, and contrast combination. 4. Furthermore, we applied the systematic color combination for the textile patterns by tone on tone combination. By using the systematic color combination for apparel and textile design, we realized the efficiency and utility of the systematic color combination.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.69-77
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the analysis of men's wear color preference between Korean and Chinese college women. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The 24 color pictures and 5-point scales were used for evaluation of preference. Data were obtained from 120 Korean college women living in Kyeongnam, Korea and 120 Chinese college women living in Shandog, China on October and November 2010. For data analysis, ANOVA and Duncan-test were used by using SPSS program. Results of this study were as follows. Korean and Chinese college women, shirts hue, tie hue, and shirts/tie tone showed an independent effect on men's wear color preference. Interaction effects of Korean and Chinese college women and shirts hue, Korean and Chinese college women and tie hue, suit hue and shirts hue, shirts hue and shirts/tie tone, and tie hue and shirts/tie tone were found. These results suggested that men's wear color preference can be affected by Korean and Chinese college women, suit hue, shirts hue, tie hue, and shirts/tie tone.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.1E
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• pp.32-35
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• 2006

The screech tone of underexpanded jet is numerically calculated without any specific modeling for the screech tone itself. Fourth-order optimized compact scheme and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method are used to solve the 2D axisymmetric Euler equation. Adaptive nonlinear artificial dissipation model and generalized characteristic boundary condition are also used. The screech tone, generated by a closed loop between instability waves and quasi-periodic shock cells at the near field, is reasonably analyzed with present numerical methods for the underexpanded jet having Mach number 1.13. First of all, the centerline mean pressure distribution is calculated and compared with experimental and other numerical results. The instantaneous density contour plot shows Mach waves due to mixing layer convecting supersonically, which propagate downstream. The pressure signal and its Fourier transform at upstream and downstream shows the directivity pattern of screech tone very clearly. Most of all, we can simulate the axisymmetric mode change of screech tone very precisely with present method. It can be concluded that the basic phenomenon of screech tone including the frequency can be calculated by using high-order and high-resolution schemes without any specific numerical modeling for screech tone feedback loop.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the effects of crocodile breathing exercise on pain, muscle tone, and muscle stiffness of non-specific low back pain patients. METHODS: The subjects were 37 patients with nonspecific low back pain. The patients were divided into two groups. The experimental group (EG) performed crocodile breathing exercise and the control group (CG) performed chest expansion breathing exercise. The intervention was conducted for 10 minutes every day for a total of eight weeks. Pain was measured using a VAS. Muscle tone and stiffness were measured using Myoton PRO. Two points were measured for muscle tone and muscle stiffness. They were measured at 30mm from the spinous process of the L1 and T10 vertebra. RESULTS: Pain, muscle tone and muscle stiffness at the T10 level showed a significant decrease in both EG and CG. Muscle tone and muscle stiffness in the L1 level area decreased significantly in the experimental group but the control group did not show any difference. The only statistically significant difference was observed in the L1 muscle tone between the pre and post intervention values. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that Crocodile breathing is a good method for managing pain, muscle tone, and muscle stiffness in non-specific low back pain patients.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.32-50
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• 2000

A descriptive exploratory design was used in this study to evaluate the effects of sponge bathing on physiological(heart rate, heart period, vagal tone, oxygen saturation, respiration) and behavioral responses in newly born 40 preterm infants from intensive care unit of S University Hospital in Seoul. Data has been collected from October, 1997 to March, 1999. The infants were between 27-33 weeks gestational age at birth, and were free of congenital defects. The subjects entered the protocol when they were medically stable (determined by initiation of feeding and discontinuation of all respiratory support) but still receiving neonatal intensive care. The infants' physiologic parameters were recorded a 10 - minute before, during, and after bathing. Continuous heart rate data were recorded on a notebook computer from the infant's EKG monitor. The data were digitized off-line on software(developed by Lee and Chang in Wavelet program) which detected the peak of the R wave for each heart beat and quantified sequential R-R intervals in msec(i.e. heart periods). Heart period data were edited to remove movement artifact. Heart period data were quantified as : 1) mean heart period; 2) vagal tone. Vagal tone was quantitfied with a noninvasive measure developed by Porges(1985) in Mxedit software. To determine behavioral status, tools were developed by Scafidi et al(1990) were used. Collected data were analyzed with the SPSS program using paried t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The result were as follow. 1. The results of the ANOVAs indicated that vagal tone were signifcantly lower during bathing than baseline and post-bathing. There were significant differences in heart period and heart rate levels across the bathing. But the mean oxygen saturations and respirations were no differences. Also, there were no significant differences on behavioral sign, motor activity, behavioral distress, weight changes, morbidity, and hospitalization period. 2. To evaluate the relation between vagal tone and subsequent parameters, the two groups (the high group had 19 subjects and low group had 21subjects) were divided by the mean baseline vagal tone. Vagal tone measured prior to bathing were significantly associated with respiration before bathing, vagal tone during bathing, and the magnitude of change in both vagal tone. But, other subsequent reactivities were no differences in two groups. 3. Correlations were also calculated between vagal tone and the subsequent physiological reactivities from baseline through after- bathing. Correlations were significant between baseline vagal tone and baseline heart rate, between baseline vagal tone and baseline heart period, between baseline vagal tone and oxygen saturation after bathing. In summary, the bathing in this study showed a stressful stimulus on premature infants through there was significance in the physiological parameters. In addition, our study represents the documentation that vagal tone reactivity in response to clearly defined external stimulation provides an index of infant's status.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.327-336
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• 2002

This paper is intended to help cool-skin-colored people to choose suitable clothing colors confidently and look well-dressed and to make positive self-images. A pseudo-experimental method has made it possible to analyze the visual evaluations of clothing color images for cool-skin-colored people and obtain the following results. 1. Reddish colors of vivid tone for doffing give positive images and those of dull and dark tone, negative ones. 2. Yellowish colors of vivid and bright tone for doffing show positive images and those of dull and dark tone, negative ones. Cool yellow of light tone proves to contribute to a well-looking image. 3. Warm green of vivid and deep tone, and cool green of vivid tone for clothing present positive images. 4. Warm blue of vivid and deep tone, and cool blue of vivid and bright lone make positive images. Either blue with dull tone gives a negative image. 5. Purple colors whose tone is vivid, deep and light contribute to positive images, and those of dull tone, negative ones.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.182-193
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• 2012

Recent growth of ring-tone and ring-back-tone download market as the derived market of cellular phone yields the new trend in music consumption from listening to display. This means that consumer purchase the ring-tone and RBT not for his appreciation but for counterpart's consumption, in a word, conspicuous consumption. Study aims at questions on whether cellular phone user can perceive the ring-tone and RBT's brand personality and how they express their self-image via ring-tone and RBT. Survey was administered for 196 college students who is dominant purchase group of market segment. Hypotheses are such as : congruity of self image and brand personality of ring-tone and RBT. Through the T-test, findings said that user's extrovert self image are not led to ring-tone's extrovert brand personality and user's introvert self image are not led to introvert ring-tone's brand personality of ringtone. same result was applicable to RTB. Cellular phone user's purchase behavior are different from those of product and service.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.189-197
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• 2008

ENS-2 simulator is the most widely-used simulator in the research of wired/wireless communication. Since an IEEE 802.11 module has been implemented in NS-2. much research using this module has been done for various MAC layer functions. The most important problem in terms of performance is the hidden terminal problem. To solve this problem, the solutions using a busy-tone such as BTMA, DBTMA, etc. have been proposed. In order to be able to use a busy-tone, channels using the frequency bandwidth except the frequency bandwidth of the data channel is required for the collision prevention, and a MAC layer has to be able to menage such multiple channels. In this research, we implement a module that can use a busy-tone in NS-2, implement a modified RI-BTMA by applying the implemented module, and verify its performance.