• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.379-387
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• 2017

As the average load factor of High-Speed Rail (HSR) trains increased up to 98%, it caused uncomfortable crowdedness in the cabin and deteriorated the level of service to the HSR users. In this paper, we estimated the willingness-to-pay (WTP) of the HSR users for mitigating the crowdedness in the cabin. The contingent valuation method based on the stated preference data was used and the tobit model was applied for the estimation of WTP. It can be concluded that WTP for mitigating the crowdedness in the HSR trains is proportional to the congestion level of train and income level of user. Males, first-class users, not-assigned ticket users, and monthly pass users have relatively higher WTPs, while homemakers, travelers in weekends, commuters and leisure travelers have relatively lower values. The results can provide the fundamental information to estimate the benefits of mitigating crowdedness or the magnitude of governmental subsidy to railway operators for additional introduction of HSR trains.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.604-633
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• 2016

In this study, we attempt to identify factors that influence the performances of Korean firms regarding global R&D cooperation, and to derive policy implications for performance improvement. The hypothetic influential factors include firms' general characteristics, purposes and types of cooperation, technology, partners and their countries, and government support. We categorize the performances of global R&D cooperation into technological, economic, and strategic performance, and analyze the effects of those factors on each of the performances as well as the overall performance. We use a standard tobit model for the overall performance, while using a multivariate tobit model for the other performances to reflect the possible correlations among them. The survey data was collected from 162 Korean firms that had previously conducted or were currently conducting global R&D cooperation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.41-49
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• 2008

According to the demand for services. a single point contract between a user and provider spreads over the industry, and the relationship between them is a main issue. The user wants to make a deal with the contributor which can provide the effective services to the user. This study is to estimate the efficiency of global logistics industry with Data Envelopment Analysis, by nations from 2001 to 2005. Furthermore, it tries to estimate the inefficiency affected by macro factors, and proves the association between them using Tobit model. Global logistics industry has made growth both externally and internally more than doubled for the last 5years. Technical inefficiency of global logistics industry is more influenced by pure technical inefficiency than inefficiency of scale. Therefore technical efficiency can be increased by decreasing pure technical inefficiency. Through this study, it found that the logistics industry got influenced to its efficiency by high price of oil, and courier and transportation service market is formed stably. Furthermore, it advocates policy planners to consider effectiveness and clearness of policy which influence to inefficiency of logistics industry. Also, it found that labor and financial support can give critical effect.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.611-620
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• 2014

This research analyzed the operation efficiency and influence factors of housing facilities for the severely disabled in Jeolla region by using the DEA model. First, the analysis of efficiency for 2012 was carried out using the CCR model. As a result, 12 DMUs were proved to be efficient, and the average efficiency of CCR was 0.85, confirming that the efficiency of all DMUs were satisfactory. Second, regression analysis was carried out to analyze the factors affecting the efficiency of the DEA model by using the Tobit model. In this case, the inputs and calculated variables were set as independent variables whereas the efficiency as the dependent variable. As a result, the detailed variables had a low significance; the overall input variables showed a negative influence while the calculated variables tended to be a positive influence. In terms of operation efficiency, there was no meaningful result in input variables besides the number of workers. Instead of expanding the input variables, the following should be made for housing facilities of the severely disabled; more efforts should be put in to improve welfare service delivery system and operating environment and structure, and the program must be supplemented as well.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2016

In this study, we examined the awareness of consumers purchasing Punica granatum by conducting a survey on consumption of Punica granatum for the consumer panel of the Rural Development Administration (RDA) and derived the purchasing characteristics from the actual purchase date analyzed in a Linear regression model and Tobit model. Most consumers had been purchasing Punica granatum for health and beauty, and the proportion of that consumers were willing to repurchase Punica granatum was 93.1%. The result of examining the biggest considerations in 5 point scale when choosing a Punica granatum was in the order of freshness (4.37)> price (4.15)> safety (4.13)> size(3.86)> brand (3.27)> discount event (2.76). When we compared the results between a linear regression model and tobit model, the signs of all variables are consistent with each other. However, it was estimated that all absolute values of the coefficient values in the results of the tobit model analysis were larger than the values in the linear regression model, except for the "favorite purchasing place" of a weekday traditional markets. Punica granatum is known as a good fruit for postmenopausal women and it seems that the higher age is, the more purchase there will be. The more income a housewife had, the greater purchase there was. In the case of the purchase amount, a selecting for a eating pleasure was bigger than a selecting for a need of health. Therefore, it is necessary to develop Punica granatum with a taste in consumer preferences.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.447-474
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• 2005

Respondents, in the willingness to pay (WTP) survey, may have preference intensity about their stated WTP values. This study elicited a post-decisional intensity measure for each observed WTP answer for gathering information on the degree of preference intensity. In order to deal with the WTP data with preference intensity, this paper considers using the Type 3 Tobit model. This is usually estimated by the parametric two-stage estimation method assuming homoskedastic and bivariate normal error structure. However, if the assumptions are not satisfied, the estimates are inconsistent. The author has tested the hypotheses of homoskedasticity and normality, and could not accept them at the 1% level. The assumptions required to estimate the parametric Type 3 model are, therefore, too strong to be satisfied. As an alternative the parametric model, this study applies a semiparametric Type 3 Tobit model. The results show that the semiparametric model significantly outperforms the parametric model, and that more importantly, the mean WTP from the parametric model is significantly different from that from the semiparametric model.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.3-16
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• 2017

This paper analyzed 16 regional total factor energy efficiency (TFEE) of the Korean manufacturing sector using data envelopment analysis method for the period of 2005-2013. According to the empirical results, it is necessary to use TFEE as well as partial energy efficiency defined by the ratio of energy usage to output (energy intensity) when we compare energy efficiency. Secondly, TFEE in the Korean manufacturing sector is quite different across 16 regions. For example, Gangwon province should improve energy efficiency by 55% compared to Seoul, Gwangju, Ulsan, and Gyeongbuk which are located on production frontier. Furthermore, the estimation of panel tobit regression model showed that the higher non fossil fuel using, the higher production share of large-sized firms, the lower energy intensity, and the lower capital-labor ratio could have positive effect on TFEE.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2010

This paper analyses the relative efficiency of 13 container terminals based on the data for the period 2003-8 to offer a fresh perspective. There has been abundant empirical research undertaken on the technical efficiency of Busan and Gwangyang port. Most studies have focused on the use of parametric and non-parametric techniques to analyse overall technical efficiency. Here, the framework assumes that terminals use two input to produce one output; the former includes container yard and container crane and the latter container volume. Jarque-Bera indicates that three variables are not normally distributed and the positive skewness shows that all the variables have long right tails. This means there are many small-scaled container terminals. This paper also employs heteroscedastic Tobit model to show the effect of the explanatory variables on the container terminal efficiencies. The Tobit model shows that both container yard and container cranes have positive effect on the container terminal efficiency, but container yard has a higher impact on the efficiency than the container crane.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.73-89
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• 2012

As the environment surrounding ports is rapidly changing and ports competition in Southeast Asia has become more severe to secure cargo volumes, ports strive to enhance their competitiveness by improving the efficiency of operations. The operational efficiency of ports, plays a crucial role to improve a nation's. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of container port and its determinants during over five year(2006 to 2010) period using DEA-O and Tobit regression respectively. The results show that firstly, Gamman is the most efficient container terminal, followed by New Gamman container terminal and Hutchison Busan container terminal. Secondly, it is notable that the efficiency of Busan Newport is dramatically increasing, and finally, the yard productivity of the container port is only influencing determinant of all.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.43-49
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to estimate the expenditure determinants of the leisure goods consumption market. In order to achieve the research purpose, 6597 samples of household trend survey data were used. Tobit model was applied to estimate expenditure determinants. As a result of analysis, expenditure determinants for sporting goods were influenced by marital status, education level, age, number of households, housing ownership and income level. The variables influencing spending on leisure items such as mountain climbing, fishing and hunting items were influenced by gender, marital status, education level, age, number of households, housing ownership and income level. The analysis results can be used as policy data for the establishment of leisure culture. The National Statistical Office's household trend survey is a yearly survey through a nationwide survey, but despite the fact that it is reliable data, it is not possible to apply various variables such as psychological characteristics to estimate consumer expenditure determinants more concretely. Has a limit of.