• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 1987

질산태질소(窒酸態窒素)를 선택흡수(選擇吸收)하는 담배식물에 대하여 흡수된 $NO_3-N$의 각조직별(各組織別) 이동양상(移動樣相)과 질산환원효소(窒酸還元酵素)의 활성도(活性度)(nitrate reductase activity. NRA)를 조사하고 생육과정(生育過程)에서 출엽(出葉)된 잎들의 질산환원능력(窒酸還元能力)을 비교조사(比較調査)한 결과(結果) 1. 도관조직(導管組織)인 엽맥(葉脈)까지는 함유(含有)된 질소(窒素)의 대부분(大部分)이 $NO_3-N$으로써 무기태질소(無機態窒素)로 엽맥(葉脈)을 통과(通過)하며 엽육(葉肉)에서는 $NO_3-N$이 환원(還元)되어 무기태질소(無機態窒素)가 거의 검출(檢出)되지 않았다. 2. NRA는 성숙(成熟)된 잎에서 가장 왕성하였으며 분열생장중(分裂生長中)인 잎이나 도관조직(導管組織)에서는 환원기능이 매우 낮은 수준에 머물렀다. 3. 하위(下位)의 성숙엽(成熟葉)은 두껍고 수분(水分)을 많이 함유(含有)하였으며 가장 왕성한 질산환원능력(窒酸還元能力)을 보였다. 4. 생장조직(生長組織)으로 유기질소물질(有機窒素物質)을 공급(供給)하기 위하여 유식물(幼植物)때는 소수(小數)의 좁은 잎에서 높은 수준(水準)의 NRA를 유지(維持)했으나 생육(生育)이 진전되어 많은 잎이 착엽(着葉)되면서 상위(上位)쪽의 성숙엽(成熟葉)은 NRA가 낮은 수준에 머물렀다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.126-136
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• 2008

사경재배에서 이식후 70일 동안 생육된 연초 식물체를 이용하여 지상원격측정 센서들의 유효 측정거리와 측정 효율성을 평가하였다. 센서의 측정거리와 목표물의 캐노피 형태는 연초 엽의 제거방법을 상위엽부터 하위엽으로 차례로 제거하는 top-down 방법과 하위엽부터 상위엽으로 차례로 제거하는 bottom-up 방법으로 구분하여 조절하였다. 시험에 적용된 센서들은 수동형센서로서 $Crop\;Circle^{TM}$과 Spectroradiometer 그리고 능동형 센서는 $Crop\;Circle^{TM}(ACS210)$ red와 amber 및 $GreenSeeker^{TM}$ red와 green 등 4개 종류를 비교하였다. 검토된 모든 센서들의 반사율지표는 수동형과 능동형 센서의 종류에 관계없이 연초식물의 하위엽보다 상위엽의 캐노피 형태에 따라 크게 영향을 받았다. 비교 검토된 측정거리보다 큰 213 cm의 유효거리를 갖 는 $Crop\;Circle^{TM}(ACS210)$에 의한 반사율지표들은 센서의 유효거리가 제한되지 않은 수동형 센서의 경우와 동일하게 측정거리에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나유효거리 80-120cm로 제시된 $GreenSeeker^{TM}$능동형 센서는 유효측정거리의 한계로 규정된 120 cm보다 멀어질 경우 반사율지표는 크게 감소되고 측정오차를 보여 센서별로 규정된 유효 측정거리는 반드시 지켜야 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 연초 엽의 top-down 제거방법에 따른 건물중과 반사율지표의 상대비율로 상호관계를 평가한 결과 건물중 변화를 검출하는 능력은 수동형 센서보다 능동형 센서가 양호한 경향이었으며 센서 종류별로는 $Crop\;Circle^{TM}(ACS210)$ red >$Crop\;Circle^{TM}(ACS210)$ amber = $GreenSeeker^{TM}$ red > $Crop\;Circle^{TM}$ passive > $GreenSeeker^{TM}$ green > spectroradiometer의 순으로 측정효율이 감소되었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2000

The effect of seventy kinds of medicinal plants on the activities of GABA-metabolizing enzymes as glutamate dehydrogenase I (GDH I), glutamate dehydrogenase II (GDH II), GABA transaminase (GABA-T), succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) and succinic semialdehyde reductase (SSAR) were estimated. The following plants extracts from Acori graminei Rhizoma, Longnae Arillus, Gastrodiae Herba, Lycii Fructus, Ligusticum officinale, Ferula assafoetida, Corydalis Tuber, Eucommiae Cortex, Zizyphi spinosi Semen activated the activity of GDH I to more than 35%, and the following ones from Visci Ramulus, Ligusticum officinale, Myristicae Semen, Ferulae Resina, Scolopendrae Corpus, Corydalis Tuber, Eucommiae Cortex, Zizyphi spinosi Semen did that of GDH II. The plant extracts from Cynanchi Radix, Astragali Semen, Angelicae dahuricae Radix, Biotae orientalis Folium, Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus, Polygalae Radix, Cynomorii Herba inhibited that of GABA-T to 35% and over, and the following ones from Hyoscyamus niger, Cynanchi Radix, Acori graminei, Caesalpiniae Lignum, Cannabis Semen, Sedum aizoon, Sedum kamtschaticum, Schisandrae Fructus, Lilii Bulbus, Biotae orientalis Folium, Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus, Myristicae Semen, Akebiae Fructus, Cynomorii Herba, Buddleiae Flos, Mucunae Caulis, Zizyphi Fructus, Paeoniae Radix rubra did that of SSADH to 70% and over; the following ones from, Caesalpiniae Lignum, Sedum kamtschaticum, Schisandrae Fructus, Astragali Semen, Angelicae dahuricae Radix, Dioscorea nipponica, Myristicae Semen, Akebiae Fructus, Cynomorii Herba, Scutellariae Radix did that of SSAR.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.306-311
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• 2000

A new strain of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) from easter lily (Lilium longiflorum), Ly2-CMV, was identified and compared to the well-characterized Mf-CMV (subgroupⅠ) and LS-CMV (subgroupⅡ) by host reaction in several indicator plants, dsRNA analysis, serological property, RT-PCR analysis, restriction enzyme profile of the PCR products and nucleotide sequence of coat protein (CP) gene. Remarkable differences in symptoms of Ly2-CMV were found between Mf-CMV or LS-CMV in tobacco plants and Datura stramoinium. Ly2-CMV induced small necrotic ringspots on the inoculated leaves of Nicotiana tabacum cvs. Xanthi nc and Burley 21 and D. stramonium, and failed to infect these species systemically. Of the indicator plants tested, N. benthamiana only reacted with systemic infection by inoculation of Lr2-CMV. In experiments of dsRNA analysis, serology and RT-PCR of CP gene, Ly2-CMV was come within subgroupⅠ CMV. However, restriction enzyme analysis of the PCR products using MspⅠ showed that Ly2-CMV was distinct to Mf-CMV. The CP gene of Ly2-CMV contains 657 nucleotides, and the nucleotide sequence is similar to that of Mf-CMV. There is also a high degree of conservation between their putative gene products in Ly2-CMV and Mf-CMV, with five amino acid changes in the 218 amino acids of the CPs.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.866-875
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• 2015

COPI vesicles are essential to the retrograde transport of proteins in the early secretory pathway. The COPI coatomer complex consists of seven subunits, termed ${\alpha}-$, ${\beta}-$, ${\beta}^{\prime}-$, ${\gamma}-$, ${\delta}-$, ${\varepsilon}-$, and ${\zeta}$-COP, in yeast and mammals. Plant genomes have homologs of these subunits, but the essentiality of their cellular functions has hampered the functional characterization of the subunit genes in plants. Here we have employed virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and dexamethasone (DEX)-inducible RNAi of the COPI subunit genes to study the in vivo functions of the COPI coatomer complex in plants. The ${\beta}^{\prime}-$, ${\gamma}-$, and ${\delta}$-COP subunits localized to the Golgi as GFP-fusion proteins and interacted with each other in the Golgi. Silencing of ${\beta}^{\prime}-$, ${\gamma}-$, and ${\delta}$-COP by VIGS resulted in growth arrest and acute plant death in Nicotiana benthamiana, with the affected leaf cells exhibiting morphological markers of programmed cell death. Depletion of the COPI subunits resulted in disruption of the Golgi structure and accumulation of autolysosome-like structures in earlier stages of gene silencing. In tobacco BY-2 cells, DEX-inducible RNAi of ${\beta}^{\prime}$-COP caused aberrant cell plate formation during cytokinesis. Collectively, these results suggest that COPI vesicles are essential to plant growth and survival by maintaining the Golgi apparatus and modulating cell plate formation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.364-368
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• 2018

R2R3 유형의 단백질인 IbMYB1 전사인자는 고구마의 뿌리에서 안토시아닌 생합성 과정을 조절하는 중요한 단백질이다. 선행연구에서 IbMYB1 유전자의 발현 증가를 통한 안토시아닌의 합성 증가가 담배, 애기장대 및 고구마의 저장뿌리에서 증명된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 괴경(저장줄기) 특이적 PATATIN 프로모터와 산화스트레스 유도성 SWPA2 프로모터의 조절하에서 안토시아닌을 고함유하는 IbMYB1 유전자 과발현 형질전환 감자를 개발하여 그 특성을 분석하였다. PAT-IbMYB1 형질전환 식물체들은 대조구 식물체 및 SWPA2-IbMYB1 식물체 보다 높은 안토시아닌 함량을 괴경에서 나타내었다. 본 연구의 결과로서, IbMYB1의 과발현은 형질전환 기술을 이용한 특정 조직 특이적 안토시아닌 생산에 매우 좋은 개발 기술이 될 것으로 생각되는 바이다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.278-282
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• 2006

Bacillus vallismortis EXTN-1, a biocontrol agent in cucumber, tomato and potato was tested in rice pathosystem against rice fungal pathogens viz. Magnaporthe grisea, Rhizoctonia solani and Cochliobolus miyabeanus. Apart from increasing the yield in the bacterized plants (11.6-12.6% over control), the study showed that EXTN1 is effective in bringing about disease suppression against all the tested fungal pathogens. EXTN-l treatment resulted in 52.11% reduction in rice blast, 83.02% reduction in sheath blight and 11.54% decrease in brown spot symptoms. As the strain is proven as an inducer for systemic resistance based on PR gene expression in Arabidopsis and tobacco models, it is supposed that a similar mechanism works in rice, bringing about disease suppression. The strain could be used as a potent biocontrol and growth-promoting agent in rice cropping system.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2010

Protein phosphorylation is one of the major mechanisms for controlling many cellular processes in all living organisms. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are known to transducer extracellular stimuli to several cellular processes, including cell division, differentiation as well as responses to various stresses. In plants, several studies have revealed that MAPK cascade pathways play an important role in responses against biotic and abiotic stresses, including wounding, pathogen infection, temperature, drought, salinity and plant hormones. It is also known that MAPK cascades-mediated signaling is an essential process in the resistance step to pathogens by regulating the activity of transcription factors. Here, the insights into the functions of MAPK cascade pathways in plant defense response signaling from Arabidopsis, tobacco and rice are described.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1051-1051
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• 2001

In 1989, at the 2nd ICNIRS Meeting in Tsukuba, I projected certain directions for NIR technology would take in the future. Among those projections were: (1) An inrush of companies producing FT-NIR instruments. (2) Hybrid NIR Systems (3) Hand-held NIR Technology. All three thrusts have resulted in numerous commercial offerings over the last 12 years Hand-held technology for all fields is growing at an astonishing rate. To date, NIR work at North Carolina State University has produced four (4) hand-held NIR units for: (1) Nicotine and Moisture in tobacco, (2) Vanillin and Moisture in Vanilla Beans, (3) Protein, Moisture and Nitrogen in plant tissue, (4) Chlorophyll and Moisture in Growing Plants: A NIR Spectrometer for Developing Countries. This paper will discuss these developments, including design and performance data.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.225-231
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• 1997

For genetic engineering to be commercially viable, an efficient transformation system is needed to produce transgenic plane from diverse genotypes ("generalized protocol"). Development of such a system requires optimization of a number of components such as gene transfer agent, plant tissues competent for both regeneration and transformation, and control of transgene expression. Although several novel gene transfer methods have been developed for plane, a majority of stably transformed plane express the introduced genes at low levels. Moreover, silencing of selectable marker genes shortly after their incorporation into plant chromosomes may result in low recovery of transgenic tissues from selection. Matrix attachment regions (MARs) are DNA sequences that bind to the cell's proteinaceous nuclear matrix to form DNA loop domains. MARs have been shown to increase transgene expression in tobacco cells, and reduce position in mature transgenic plants. Flanking an antibiotic resistance transgene with MARs should therefore lead to improved rates of transformation in a diversity of species, and may permit recalcitrant species and genotypes to be successfully transformed. Literature review and recent data from my laboratory suggest that MARs can serve as a transformation booster in recalcitrant plant species.