• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2014

The GacS/GacA system in the root colonizer Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 is a key regulator of many traits relevant to the biocontrol function of this bacterium. Proteomic analysis revealed 12 proteins were down-regulated in a gacS mutant of P. chlororaphis O6. These GacS-regulated proteins functioned in combating oxidative stress, cell signaling, biosynthesis of secondary metabolism, and secretion. The extent of regulation was shown by real-time RT-PCR to vary between the genes. Mutants of P. chlororaphis O6 were generated in two GacS-regulated genes, trpE, encoding a protein involved in tryptophan synthesis, and prnA, required for conversion of tryptophan to the antimicrobial compound, pyrrolitrin. Failure of the trpE mutant to induce systemic resistance in tobacco against a foliar pathogen causing soft rot, Pectobacterium carotovorum SCCI, correlated with reduced colonization of root surfaces implying an inadequate supply of tryptophan to support growth. Although colonization was not affected by mutation in the prnA gene, induction of systemic resistance was reduced, suggesting that pyrrolnitrin was an activator of plant resistance as well as an antifungal agent. Study of mutants in the other GacS-regulated proteins will indicate further the features required for biocontrol-activity in this rhizobacterium.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.435-439
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• 2003

형질 전환된 담배 seed에서 담배 식물체를 유도하여 White 액체 배지에서 기관 배양하였다. 암조건, sucrose 2%의 조건에서 좋은 growth pattern을 나타내었고, 계대 배양은 외마디법을 이용하여 2주마다 하였다. 기관 배양에서 hGM-CSF production pattern을 보면, intracellular에서는 큰 변화 없이 약 30 ng/g의 일정한 농도를 나타내었다. Extracellular에서 hGM-CSF 농도는 배양 6일 이후부터 급속하게 증가하기 시작하여 배양 12일째에 약 0.2ng/$m\ell$의 농도를 나타낸다. 기관배양은 다른 식물세포 배양 시스템에 비해 생산되어진 단백질의 안정성이 크다는 장점에 비해 세포 내에서 배지 내로의 단백질 분비가 적다는 단점이 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해 다양한 permeabilizing agents를 투여하여 담배 세포의 permeability를 증가시키고자 하였다. 그 결과, Pluronic F-68과 PEG8000을 첨가한 경우 담배 세포에서 배지 내로의 단백질 분비가 원활해졌음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.275-280
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• 1995

The formation of thylakoid membrane proteins and changes in the chloroplast ultrastructure of ginseng leaf were investigated as a function of time following the leaf emergence. The leaf chloroplast obtained just after the leaf emergence showed short rod-like thylakoids which were connected and arranged in 3~4 layers along the longitudinal axis of the chloroplast. The 10 DAE (days after emergence) chloroplast started to form grana structure. The typical grana structure was observed 17 DAE, and the grana was fully developed 28 DAE. The membrane proteins obtained from just after emerging leaf were separated into many minor bands indicating no CP-complex formation yet. LHC II was detected after 10 days. CP 47 and CP 43 were detected after 17 days. After 28 days, the PS I and PS II proteins were distinctly separated into CP 1, LHC II, CP 47, CP 43, CP 29, CP 27+24. Thus, the appearance of the light harvesting protein, LHC II, which was concentrated in grana stacks, was consis tent in time with the formation of grana stacks 17 DAE. Key words Chloroplast ultrastructure, grana, CP-complex, LHC II.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 1994년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT DISEASES Korean Society of Plant Pathology
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• pp.50-61
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• 1994

Biological control of important fungal diseases such as Phytophthora blight of red pepper, gary mold rot of vegetables, and powdery mildew of many crops was attempted using an antagonistic bacterium, Bacillus sp. AC-1 in greenhouses and fields. The antagonistic bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere soils of healthy red pepper plant was very effective in the inhibition of mycelial growth of plant pathogenic fungi in vitro including Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia oryzae, Botrytis cinerea, Valsa mali, Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium ultimum, Alternari mali, Helminthosporium oryzae, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Culture filtrate of antagonistic Bacillus sp. AC-1 applied to pot soils infested with Phytophthora capsici suppressed the disease occurrence better than metalaxyl application did until 37 days after treatment in greenhouse tests. Treatments of the bacterial suspension on red pepper plants also reduced the incidence of Phytophthora blight in greenhouse tests. In farmers' commercial production fields, however, the controlling efficacy of the antagonistic bacteria was variable depending on field locations. Gray mold rot of chinese chives and lettuce caused by Botrytis cinerea was also controlled effectively in field tests by the application of Bacillus sp. AC-1 with control values of 79.7% and 72.8%, respectively. Spraying of the bacterial suspension inhibited development of powdery mildew of many crops such as cucumber, tobacco, melon, and rose effectively in greenhouse and field tests. The control efficacy of the bacterial suspension was almost same as that of Fenarimol used as a chemical standard. Further experiments for developing a commercial product from the antagonistic bacteria and for elucidating antagonistic mechanism against plant pathogenic fungi are in progress.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1995년도 식물학심포지움 식물로부터 유용 2차대사산물의 생산 PRODUCTION OF USEFUL SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM PLANTS
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• pp.67-78
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• 1995

Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) are a highly diversified class of proteins with major research and commercial applications such as diagnostics and therapeutics. Currently, the dominant method for producing MoAbs is through the hybridoma technique. However, this technique is slow, tedious, labor intensive, and expensive. The production of MoAbs in cultured transgenic plant cells can offer some advantages over that in the over that in the mammalian systems. The media to cultivate plant cells are well defined and inexpensive. Contamination by bacteria or fungi is easily monitored in plant tissue cultures. Furthermore, these contaminants are usually not potent pathogens to human beings. In our interdisciplinary research efforts, heavy chain monoclonal antibody (HC MAb) was inserted into Ti plasmid vector and transferred into A. tumefaciens for the transformation in tobacco cells. It was found that 76% of the transformants produced HC MAb. The presence of HC MAb in the cell membrane fraction indicated that the signal peptide was functional and efficient. The change of the HC MAb concentration during a batch culture followed a similar trend as dry cell concentration, indicating that the production of HC MAb was growth related. The long-term repeated subcultures of 11 cell lines showed that there was no obvious trend of neither the decrease nor the increase of the productivity with the repeated subcultures.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.147-160
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• 2022

This study aim to use the GTAP model to analyze the impact of RCEP Fermentation in the Korean manufacturing industry by quantifying the RCEP tariff commitment table. The research results show RCEP has boosted output in all sub-manufactures except wood and printed matter due to increased export volumes. Wood products, on the other hand, are more reliant on imports due to lower production due to lower domestic sales or overall exports. After RCEP came into effect, the import and export scale of Korea's manufacturing industry expanded effectively. Among them, the positive impact on the intensive low-tech manufacturing industries such as clothing and leather products, wood products and printing products, and food, beverage and tobacco products is greater than the positive impact on the technology-intensive medium and high-tech and high-tech manufacturing industries. And found that the growth rate of Korea's manufacturing trade is basically proportional to the tax reduction rate of RCEP. Finally, in order to promote the development of the manufacturing industry, some suggestions are put forward that need the government's policy support and strengthen the regional cooperation with RCEP member countries.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1755-1764
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• 2016

The application of Bacillus sp. in the biological control of plant soilborne diseases has been shown to be an environmentally friendly alternative to the use of chemical fungicides. In this study, the effects of bioorganic fertilizer (BOF) fortified with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQY 162 on the suppression of tomato bacterial wilt were investigated in pot experiments. The disease incidence of tomato wilt after the application of BOF was 65.18% and 41.62% lower at 10 and 20 days after transplantation, respectively, than in the control condition. BOF also promoted the plant growth. The SQY 162 populations efficiently colonized the tomato rhizosphere, which directly suppressed the number of Ralstonia solanacearum in the tomato rhizosphere soil. In the presence of BOF, the activities of defense-related enzymes in tomato were lower than in the presence of the control treatment, but the expression levels of the defense-related genes of the plants in the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways were enhanced. It was also found that strain SQY 162 could secrete antibiotic surfactin, but not volatile organic compounds, to suppress Ralstonia. The strain could also produce plant growth promotion compounds such as siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid. Thus, owing to its innate multiple-functional traits and its broad biocontrol activities, we found that this antagonistic strain isolated from the tobacco rhizosphere could establish itself successfully in the tomato rhizosphere to control soilborne diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.194-203
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• 2009

$HpaG_{Xooc}$, from rice pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, is a member of the harpin group of proteins, eliciting hypersensitive cell death in non-host plants, inducing disease and insect resistance in plants, and enhancing plant growth. To express and secret the $HpaG_{Xooc}$ protein in Bacillus subtilis, we constructed a recombinant expression vector pM43HF with stronger promoter P43 and signal peptide element nprB. The SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis demonstrated the expression of the protein $HpaG_{Xooc}$ in B. subtilis. The ELISA analysis determined the optimum condition for $HpaG_{Xooc}$ expression in B. subtilis WBHF. The biological function analysis indicated that the protein $HpaG_{Xooc}$ from B. subtilis WBHF elicits hypersensitive response(HR) and enhances the growth of tobacco. The results of RT-PCR analysis revealed that $HpaG_{Xooc}$ induces expression of the pathogenesis-related genes PR-1a and PR-1b in plant defense response.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2010

We performed this study to examine lifestyle patterns and dietary behavior based on the level of Internet addiction of Korean adolescents. Data were collected from 853 Korean junior high school students. The level of Internet addiction was determined based on the Korean Internet addiction self-scale short form for youth, and students were classified as high-risk Internet users, potential-risk Internet users, and no risk Internet users. The associations between the students' levels of Internet addiction and lifestyle patterns and dietary behavior were analyzed using a chi-square test. Irregular bedtimes and the use of alcohol and tobacco were higher in high-risk Internet users than no risk Internet users. Moreover, in high-risk Internet users, irregular dietary behavior due to the loss of appetite, a high frequency of skipping meals, and snacking might cause imbalances in nutritional intake. Diet quality in high-risk Internet users was also worse than in potential-risk Internet users and no risk Internet users. We demonstrated in this study that high-risk Internet users have inappropriate dietary behavior and poor diet quality, which could result in stunted growth and development. Therefore, nutrition education targeting high-risk Internet users should be conducted to ensure proper growth and development.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1999

수삼부패와 관련된 미생물을 선발 및 동정한 결과 부패한 수삼으로부터 20종의 미생물을 분리하고 이중 수삼을 빨리 부패시키는 균주 6종(세균 5종,사상균 1종)을 분리하였다. 수삼부패 세균은 Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas putidaa biotype A, Bacillus spp., Enterobacter cloecae 및 Klebsiella pneumoniae로 각각 동정되었으며, 수삼부패사상균은 Rhiaopu oryzae로 동정되었다. 이중 수삼부패를 가장 빨리 일으키는 균주는 Bacillu spp.이였다. 수삼부패 억제물질을 선택하기 위하여 생약추출물과 정유 50여 종으로부터 가자 및 오미자의 물추출물과 감국, 누노, 선복화, 자초 및 지유의 정유를 Bacillus spp.에 대하여 항균활성이 강한 물질로 선발하였다. 이 중 가자추출물과 오미자추출물은 Bacillu spp의 생육을 크게 억제하였다. 특히 가자추출물은 천연 보존제로 시판되고 있는 DF-100(자몽씨 추출액)과 비슷한 수준의 항균력을 나타내었고, 가자추출물의 항균활성물질은 약한 지용성을 띠는 극성의 산성물질로 판단되며 현재 이물질을 분리,정제 중에 있다. 수삼을 가자 추출물의 $1\%$수용액에 5분간 침지하였으나 $30^{\circ}C$에서 보관하였을 때 Bacillus spp에 의한 부패가 다소 억제되었다. 결론적으로, 가자 및 오미자의 물추출물과 감국, 누노, 선복화, 자초 및 지유의 정유를 수삼부패 억제활성물질로 선발하였으며 앞으로 원료삼(수삼)의 장기저장에 이들 생약추출물의 활용방안을 검토하는 것이 필요하다고 판단된다.