• Title/Summary/Keyword: tissue cultured ginseng

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Patterns of Soluble Protein, Reducing Sugar and Ginsenosides in Transformed Calli of Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (형질전환 인삼 Callus의 단백질, 환원당 및 Ginsenoside의 양상)

  • Yang, Deok-Jun;Choe, Gwang-Tae;Yang, Deok-Deok
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.124-130
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    • 1991
  • This study was conducted to obtain basic information about the transformation of ginseng tissue, identification of opine compound and protein, and saponin production from ginseng callus transformed with Ti-plasmic of AW$.$obacterium tumefaiens C58. Ginseng crown gall callus induced by pTiC58 could be continuously cultured on the Phytohormone-free medium. The transformation was reconfirmed by the detection and identification of opine compound, from the gall callus. The transformed ginseng callus contained higher amounts of protein than normal callus and the protein pattern of transformed callus was quite different from that of normal callus. The xylose which is not detected in the normal callus and ginseng root was identified in gall callus. The saponin contents of gall callus of ginseng were three times higher than that of normal callus, and ginsenoside composition of the transformed callus was similar to that of the cultivated ginseng root, but quite different from that of normal callus.

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REDIFFERENTIATION FROM TISSUE CULTURE AND ISOLATION OF VIABLE PROTOPLASTS IN PANAX GINSENG C.A. MEYER (고려인삼의 조직배양에 의한 기관형성과 원형질체배양에 관한 연구)

  • Choi Kwang-Tae;Yang Deok-Chun;Kim Nam-Won;Ahn In-Ok
    • Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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    • 1984.09a
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 1984
  • Ginseng cotyledon calli were cultured on 1/2MS media supplemented with combination of various growth regulators to induce more embryoids and plantlets in a short period. And tissues of ginseng root and calli were also incubated under various factors or conditions to establish methods for the isolation of viable protoplasts in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. The calli derived from cotyledon produced numerous embryoids in 1/2MS media containing 0.5mg/$\ell$ 2,4-D and 0.5mg/$\ell$ kinetin after 2 months' culture. But only shoot formation was less frequent. Further development of these embryoids occurred on 1/2MS medium supplemented with the same concentration of BA and GA. Viable protoplasts were isolated from the root tissue and callus of ginseng. The specific conditions for the isolation of viable protoplasts were required of ginseng materials, root tissue and callus, being processed. For the production of viable protoplasts from 1-year old ginseng root tissue, an enzyme mixture of $2\%$ cellulase 'Ono-zuka' and $0.5\%$ macerozyme, an enzyme solution pH of 5.2 to 5.8, a 7- to 8- hour incubation period at $28{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, and 0.9M mannitol as osmoticum in the cell enzyme mixture were optimum, while the treatments with an enzyme mixture of $2\%$ cellulase 'Onozuka', $2\%$ macerozyme and $1\%$ driselase, and 25-hour incubation period at $28{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, were more efficient for the production of viable protoplasts from ginseng callus.

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An Electron Microscopic Study on the Cell Wall Regeneration of Culture Panax ginseng Callus Protoplast (인삼 캘러스 원형질체의 배양에 따른 세포벽 재생의 전자현미경적 연구)

  • 박종범
    • Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.495-500
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    • 1998
  • Ultrastructural changes of the isolated and cultured protoplasts from ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) callus were studies with electron microscopy. In the 3-day-cultured protoplasts, the cell organelles such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, Golgi complex, mitochondria, proplastid increased in number and observed microtubules. Many vesicles derived from the Golgi complex were evenly distributed in the cytoplasm. Some of such vesicles protruded the outer surface of the plasmalemma, and formed the protuberances. Vacuole derived from endoplasmic reticulum included Golgi vesicles by the invagination of vacuoles. These vacuoles migrated toward the plasmalemma by a fusion process (exocytosis), after fusing the plasmalemma the cell wall materials released from the outer surface of the plasmalemma, and lastly deposited on the plasmalemma. Proplastids containing many starch grains, and microtubules parallel to the plasmalemma were observed near the plasmalemma. Connected fibrils which were observed on the outer surface of the 3-day-cultured protoplast were interpreted as the component of cellulose.

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Effect of Growth Conditions on Saponin Content and Ginsenoside Pattern of Panax ginseng

  • Lee, Mee-Hyoung;Park, Hoon;Lee, Chong-Hwa
    • Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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    • 1987.06a
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    • pp.89-107
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    • 1987
  • For the elucidation of significance of saponin as quality criterion of ginseng ginsenoside content(GC) and ginsenoside pattern similarity(GPS) by simple correlation were investigated in relation to red ginseng quality factors, age, plant part, harvest season, mineral nutrition, soil physical characteristics, growth light and temperature, shading material, growth location, physiological disease and crop stand through survey of ginseng plantstions, field experiments, water culture and phytotron experiments. Effect of tissue culture was also reviewed. GC was negatively correlated with good quality of red ·ginseng and positively with bad quality. Age did not show any consistency with GC but GPS was less with the increase of age difference. GPS was less or not significant between taproot that is lowest in GC and epidermis highest, and significant between leaf and taproot. Harvest season marked with the lowest GC and Pattern was also different. Nutrient imbalance, the increase of hazardous soil nutrient and physical condition to growth increased GC, but GPS was little different. The higher the growth lights intensity and temperature the higher the GC but GPS was little changed. Root rust increased GC, but root scab decreased it. Sponge-like and inside cavity phenomena increased GC. Ginsenoside pattern of cultured tissues and rootlet showed great variation. These results strongly indicate that there are optimum saponin content and ginsenoside pattern and that these are accomplished under the optimum growth condition.

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Origin of Direct Somatic Embryos from Cultureed Cotyledon Segments of korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) (한국 인삼 (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)의 자엽절편 배양으로부터 형성되는 체세포배의 기원)

  • 최용의;소웅영
    • Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.177-182
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    • 1994
  • Cotyledon segments of korean ginseng produced somatic embryos when cultured on MS basal medium, whereas plumule or excised axis explants did not. histological examination revealed that the cells in proximal region of cotyledon turned meristematic and densely cytoplasmic was composed of smaller and more densely cytiplasmic cells than the subepidermal cells. however, in the case both epidermis and subepidermal cells were almost the same in size and cytoplasmic density, the embryo originated from multiple cells.

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Effects of Korean Red Ginseng extract on tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in cultured rat primary astrocytes

  • Ko, Hyun Myung;Joo, So Hyun;Kim, Pitna;Park, Jin Hee;Kim, Hee Jin;Bahn, Geon Ho;Kim, Hahn Young;Lee, Jongmin;Han, Seol-Heui;Shin, Chan Young;Park, Seung Hwa
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.401-412
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    • 2013
  • Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is an oriental herbal preparation obtained from Panax ginseng Meyer (Araliaceae). To expand our understanding of the action of KRG on central nervous system (CNS) function, we examined the effects of KRG on tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)/plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in rat primary astrocytes. KRG extract was treated in cultured rat primary astrocytes and neuron in a concentration range of 0.1 to 1.0 mg/mL and the expression of functional tPA/PAI-1 was examined by casein zymography, Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. KRG extracts increased PAI-1 expression in rat primary astrocytes in a concentration dependent manner (0.1 to 1.0 mg/mL) without affecting the expression of tPA itself. Treatment of 1.0 mg/mL KRG increased PAI-1 protein expression in rat primary astrocytes to $319.3{\pm}65.9%$ as compared with control. The increased PAI-1 expression mediated the overall decrease in tPA activity in rat primary astrocytes. Due to the lack of PAI-1 expression in neuron, KRG did not affect tPA activity in neuron. KRG treatment induced a concentration dependent activation of PI3K, p38, ERK1/2, and JNK in rat primary astrocytes and treatment of PI3K or MAPK inhibitors such as LY294002, U0126, SB203580, and SP600125 (10 ${\mu}M$ each), significantly inhibited 1.0 mg/mL KRG-induced expression of PAI-1 and down-regulation of tPA activity in rat primary astrocytes. Furthermore, compound K but not other ginsenosides such as Rb1 and Rg1 induced PAI-1 expression. KRG-induced up-regulation of PAI-1 in astrocytes may play important role in the regulation of overall tPA activity in brain, which might underlie some of the beneficial effects of KRG on CNS such as neuroprotection in ischemia and brain damaging condition as well as prevention or recovery from addiction.

Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Extruded Ginseng Samples

  • Ji, Yan-Qing;Yang, Hye-Jin;Tie, Jin;Kim, Mi-Hwan;Ryu, Gi-Hyung
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.299-305
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    • 2008
  • This study compared the physicochemical properties of root hair of white ginseng (WG), root hair of tissue cultured mountain ginseng (MG), root hair of red ginseng (RG) and extruded ginseng samples. The comparison of crude ash and total sugar resulted insignificant differences between extruded and raw samples. MG had a higher content of crude ash, crude protein, amino acids and polyphenolic compound than WG and RG; the total sugar and reducing sugar were highest in RG. Crude fat and acidic polysaccharide in RG and WG were similar to and higher than MG. Crude saponin of treated samples WG1 (moisture content 25%, barrel temperature $110^{\circ}C$) and WG3 (moisture content 35%, barrel temperature $110^{\circ}C$) were 9.80% and 9.73%, respectively, which were the highest among ginseng samples. In conclusion, the extrusion process can be applied to red ginseng manufacturing, and some characteristics of MG were higher than in RG and WG.

Metabolic engineering for production of ginsenosides in Panax ginseng (인삼 사포닌 생산을 위한 대사공학)

  • Kim, Tae-Dong;Kim, Yun-Soo;Han, Jung-Yeon;Lim, Soon;Choi, Yong-Eui
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.352-359
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    • 2009
  • Panax ginseng roots produce triterpene saponins called ginsenosides, which are high value secondary metabolites and has been used as drugs, detergents, sweeteners, and cosmetics. In the recent years plant cell, tissue and organ cultures have developed as important alternative sources for the saponin production in Panax ginseng. Adventitious roots and hairy roots have been successfully induced and cultured for the improvement of saponin contents. Genetic and metabolic engineering to regulate saponin biosynthesis in P. ginseng might be important way to improve the medicinal values of P. ginseng. Here we introduced the protocol of genetic transformation and recent progress of functional characterization of genes involved in saponin biosynthesis in P. ginseng.

Processed Panax ginseng, Sun Ginseng Increases Type I Collagen by Regulating MMP-1 and TIMP-1 Expression in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

  • Song, Kyu-Choon;Chang, Tong-Shin;Lee, Hye-Jin;Kim, Jin-Hee;Park, Jeong-Hill;Hwang, Gwi-Seo
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.61-67
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    • 2012
  • In the present study, effects of sun ginseng (SG) on the collagen synthesis and the proliferation of dermal fibroblast were investigated. Collagen synthesis was measured by assaying procollagen type I C-peptide production. In addition, the level of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 was assessed by western blot analysis. SG suppressed the MMP-1 protein level in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, SG dose-dependently increased tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP)-1 production in fibroblasts. SG increased type I collagen production directly and/or indirectly by reducing MMP-1 and stimulating TIMP-1 production in human dermal fibroblasts. SG dose-dependently induced fibroblast proliferation and this, in turn, can trigger more collagen production. These results suggest that SG may be a potential pharmacological agent with anti-aging properties in cultured human skin fibroblast.