• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2008

목 적: 섭취문제는 정상발달 아동에게 흔한 문제이며, 아동의 신체, 행동 및 인지 발달에 영향을 미친다. 본 연구는 섭취문제와 관련된 요소들을 파악하고자 부모를 대상으로 섭취 관련 설문을 실시하였다. 방 법: 2006년 8월부터 2008년 4월까지 상계백병원, 삼성서울병원 소아과 외래를 방문한 아동의 부모 379명 및 서울 경기지역의 만 1~12세 지역사회 표집 아동의 부모 417명을 대상으로 저자들에 의하여 개발된 섭취관련 질문지 및 아동 섭취행동검사를 실시하였다. 섭취문제에 대한 부모의 주관적 보고에 따라 집단을 분류하고 이에 대한 신뢰성을 아동 섭취행동검사와 비교하여 확인하였으며, 아동이 보이는 섭취문제의 종류, 심각도, 식사 중 문제행동, 부모의 대처방안 및 치료적 필요성에 대하여 분석을 시행하였다. 결 과: 부모의 섭취문제에 대한 주관적 보고에 따른 문제집단과 그렇지 않은 집단 간에 아동섭취행동검사에서 유의미한 차이가 나타나(p<0.01) 부모의 보고에 따른 섭취문제 집단 선별이 신뢰할 만한 것이라는 것을 입증하였다. 나이가 어릴수록 섭취문제를 보고한 부모의 비율이 높았으며(p<0.01), 성별에 따른 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 모든 연령대에서 가장 흔하고 심각하다고 평가된 섭취문제는 편식(81.7%) 및 지나치게 긴 식사시간이었으며(43.1%), 절반 이상의 아동은 식사 도중 문제행동을 나타냈다. 식사 중 부모는 역기능적인 방법을 주로 사용하는 것으로 나타났으며, 섭취문제로 부모의 40.0%가 스트레스를 경험하였고, 부모의 34.7%는 아동에게 이와 관련한 치료성을 느낀 것으로 조사되었다. 결 론: 영유아기 섭취문제는 우리나라에서도 매우 흔하며, 아동이 어릴수록 그 문제는 더욱 많은 것으로 나타났으며, 부모의 치료 요구도 높았다. 따라서 섭취문제에 대한 자세한 정보를 담은 부모를 위한 행동지침서 및 치료 매뉴얼의 개발이 필요하다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.881-891
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was carried out in order to contribute to preventing dental caries, which is the biggest disease in adolescence and to promoting oral health by implanting a right habit on oral care targeting adolescents, and further to offer basic help to proceeding with making the better health life. Methods : This study carried out questionnaire survey targeting 1,100 students of middle schools where are located in small and medium-sized cities of Gyeongnam from March 7-18, 2011. Statistical processing was performed frequency analysis and cross tabulation, by using SPSSWIN 12.0 program. Results : As for middle school students' oral health education experience, the group with educational experience was indicated to be 52.9% for girl students and 47.1% for boy students(p<.05) in case of gender. Toothbrushing time was indicated to be the highest with 25.6% in 'after having breakfast'. The appearance of toothbrushing after having lunch at school was indicated to be 53.3% for girl students and 26.3% for boy students(p<.001) by gender. The most important reason for toothbrushing accounted for 82.1% in the 1st grade, 71.1% in the 2nd grade, and 67.4% in the 3rd grade depending on school year as for the response as saying of 'aiming to prevent decayed tooth and gum disease.' Thus, the lower school year led to having indicated to be higher in response as saying of brushing teeth for preventing decayed tooth and gum disease(p<.001). As for a toothbrushing method by gender, boy students accounted for 24.2% in response as saying of 'brushing teeth freely', thereby having been indicated to be higher than 15.0% for girl students(p<.001). Conclusions : In order for toothbrushing method to be rightly practiced and habituated continuously, there will be a need of changing adolescents' awareness and of being driven systematically and continuously through oral health education. School oral health education, which can nurture right attitude and habit of oral health care, is thought to be necessarily expanded and executed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.3927-3932
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• 2014

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) define specific molecular subsets of lung adenocarcinomas with distinct clinical features. Our purpose was to analyze clinical features and prognostic value of EGFR gene mutations and the EML4-ALK fusion gene in lung adenocarcinoma. Patients and Methods: EGFR gene mutations and the EML4-ALK fusion gene were detected in 92 lung adenocarcinoma patients in China. Tumor marker levels before first treatment were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: EGFR mutations were found in 40.2% (37/92) of lung adenocarcinoma patients, being identified at high frequencies in never-smokers (48.3% vs. 26.5% in smokers; P=0.040) and in patients with abnormal serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels before the initial treatment (58.3% vs. 28.6%, P=0.004). Multivariate analysis revealed that a higher serum CEA level before the initial treatment was independently associated with EGFR gene mutations (95%CI: 1.476~11.343, P=0.007). We also identified 8 patients who harbored the EML4-ALK fusion gene (8.7%, 8/92). In concordance with previous reports, younger age was a clinical feature for these (P=0.008). Seven of the positive cases were never smokers, and no coexistence with EGFR mutation was discovered. In addition, the frequency of the EML4-ALK fusion gene among patients with a serum CEA concentration below 5ng/ml seemed to be higher than patients with a concentration over 5ng/ml (P=0.021). No significant difference was observed for time to progression and overall survival between EML4-ALK-positive group and EML4-ALK-negative group or between patients with and without an EGFR mutation. Conclusions: The serum CEA level before the initial treatment may be helpful in screening population for EGFR mutations or EML4-ALK fusion gene presence in lung adenocarcinoma patients.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.651-658
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• 2012

이번 연구에서는 비선형 음향효과를 기반으로 한 비선형 초음파 변조 기법을 통해 열손상 콘크리트의 미세균열 정도를 평가할 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다. 화재 시 콘크리트 구조물은 물리적, 화학적 변화에 따른 콘크리트 내 미세균열이 발생하므로, 기존 초음파 비파괴 기법의 민감도 한계를 극복한 비파괴 기법의 도입이 필요하다. 비선형 초음파 기법은 초음파와 저주파의 변조파로부터 열손상 평가 인자인 비선형인자를 측정하며, 이는 열손상 콘크리트의 미세균열에 적합한 민감도를 가진다. 이 연구에서는 SEM 관측, 열손상 전후 콘크리트의 투수공극량 변화 측정으로부터 수열온도에 따라 미세균열이 급격하게 발생함을 보였으며, 수열온도별 콘크리트의 초음파 전파속도 측정을 통해 제안된 방법의 민감도를 검증하였다. 추가적으로 열손상에 따른 미세균열이 콘크리트의 성능저하에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 열손상 콘크리트 시편의 압축강도 측정을 수행하였다. 측정값 및 실험값의 연관성을 파악하여 비선형 초음파 변조 기법이 열손상 콘크리트의 미세균열 평가에 적합함을 보였으며, 향후 압축강도 추정에 대한 적용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.136-143
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• 2016

Purpose: In patients with altered mentality caused by drugs or unknown causes, ammonia is checked to facilitate differential diagnosis or diagnose hepatic coma. This helps early prevention and treatment of brain damage due to hyperammonemia. This study was conducted to evaluate clinical characteristics of intoxicated adult patients with hyperammonemia. Methods: We evaluated 95 patients with hyperammonemia among intoxicated patients above the age of 15 who visited our ED from January 2013 to December 2015. We analyzed the demographic characteristics and type of poisoning substance, reason for ingestion, toxicological characteristics such as elapsed time from ingestion to hospital visit, lab, clinical progression and complications. Data were evaluated using the student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables, and Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test for frequency analysis of categorical variables. Results: When compared to healthy individuals, patients with hyperammonemia showed statistical significance on their SOFA score (p=0.016) and poison severity score (p<0.001). Additionally, patients with hyperammonemia showed significantly different initial serum AST level (p=0.012) and maximum serum AST level during the hospital stay (p=0.026) when compared to healthy individuals. Moreover, individuals with sustained hyperammonemia compared to transient hyperammonemia showed clinically significant SOFA scores (p<0.001), poison severity scores (p=0.007), mortality rates in the ICU (p=0.021), as well as different duration of hospital stay (p=0.037), serum creatinine level (p=0.002), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p=0.025), and serum myoglobin (p=0.015). Conclusion: Most poisoning-induced hyperammonemia cases were transient and recovered without special treatment. Therefore, hyperammonemia is almost non-specific among poisoning patients.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was performed to compare and evaluate the effect of recipient site depths and diameters of the drills on the primary stability of implant in pig's ribs. Materials and methods: An intact pig's rib larger than 8 mm in width and 20 mm in height; RBM(resorbable blasting media) surface blasted ${\phi}3.75mm$ and 8.0 mm long USII Osstem Implants (Osstem Co., Korea) were used. To measure the primary stability, $Periotest^{(R)}$ (Simens AG, Germany) and $Osstell^{TM}$ (Model 6 Resonance Frequency Analyser: Integration Diagnostics Ltd., Sweden) were used. They were divided into 6 groups according to its recipient site formation method: D3H3, D3H5, D3H7, D3.3H3, D3.3H5, D3.3H7. Each group had, as indicated, 10 implants placed, and total 60 implants were used. The mean value was obtained by 4-time measurements each on mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual side perpendicular to the long axis of the implant using $Periotest^{(R)}$ and $Osstell^{TM}$. For statistical analysis one-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean value of each group, and the correlation between placement depths and the primary stability, and that of measuring instruments was analyzed using SPSS 12.0. Results: The primary stability of the implants increased as the placement depths increased (p<0.05), and showed a proportional relationship (p<0.01). The primary stability increased when the diameter of the recipient site was smaller than that of the implant but with no statistical significance. There was a strong correlation between $Osstell^{TM}$ and $Periotest^{(R)}$ (p<0.01). Conclusion: These results suggest that increasing the placement depth of implants enhances the primary stability of implant.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.371-378
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• 2006

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of childhood obesity, the association between the undesirable lifestyles and socioeconomic factors, the association between childhood obesity and various risk factors, including socioeconomic factors, and the agreement between the body mass index (BMI) classification and the body fat percentage. Methods: The study subjects were all the 5th grade students from all the elementary schools in Gunpo City, Kyunggi Province, South Korea (4043 children at 22 schools). The subjects were measured for their height, weight and percent body fat etc. and they were also surveyed by questionnaire from March 18th to April 25th, 2005. To determine whether the children were within normal limits or not, standardized BMIs for each age group were used. The data was analyzed by logistic regression analysis using SAS 9.0 version. Results: The prevalence of childhood obesity prevalence was 25.1 %. Boys had a higher prevalence of obesity (27.5%) than did the girls (22.5%). Children had tendencies of having undesirable lifestyles and getting obese if they had a lower socioeconomic status. The risk factors for childhood obesity were low paternal education (OR: 1.17, 95% CI : 0.97-1.42) and non-parental caregivers (OR: 1.34, 95% CI : 0.98-1.82). Other risk factors for childhood obesity were a high birth-weight, longer TV/computer-using time, a lower fruit-eating frequency, short sleeping hours and parental obesity. The agreement rate between the BMI classification and the body fat percentage was 93.1 %. Conclusions: This study showed the children had a higher prevalence of obesity: further, not only individual lifestyles, but also socioeconomic factors could influence childhood obesity. Childhood obesity was especially more problematic for children with a low socioeconomic status.

• 천문학논총
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.821-832
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• 2015

NGC 1039 영역의 변광성 탐사로부터 7개의 ${\delta}$ Scuti형 변광성, 2개의 ${\gamma}$ Doradus형 변광성, 14개의 식쌍성 및 5개의 장지기형 불규칙 변광성을 찾았다. 이 중에서 3개를 제외한 나머지는 모두 새로 발견한 것이다. 이들 중 ${\delta}$ Scuti형 변광성 4개와 ${\gamma}$ Doradus형 변광성 2개 및 장주기형 불규칙 변광성 1개는 성단구성원일 가능성이 크다. 14개의 식쌍성 중에서 12개는 주기와 변광진폭 등을 구하였으며, 나머지 2개는 22일 관측 자료 중 하루치에서만 식 현상이 나타나서 EA형 식쌍성으로 보인다. B, V등급의 변광진폭을 같이 구한 식쌍성의 변광진폭비 $A_V/A_B$는 0.92이며, ${\delta}$ Scuti형 변광성의 결과를 이용한 0.75와 뚜렷이 구분된다. 5개의 장주기형 불규칙 변광성은 하나를 제외하고 나머지는 주기가 너무 길었고, 또한 주기성인지 알 수 없어서 밝기 변화만으로 변광성임을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구에서 찾은 변광성은 V등급이 10.84등급부터 16.30등급까지 분포하며, V등급의 변광진폭이 0.5등급 이상이면 16.3등급까지도 변광 여부를 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1373-1377
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• 2016

Background: We vigorously reviewed patients' operation record who had adhesion of the Denonvilliers' fascia and found out most of these patients had prostatic bleeding after prostatic gland biopsies. We examined the magnitude of prostatic bleeding and frequency after biopsies and the relationship with oncological outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 285 patients were selected for the final analyses. Inclusion criteria were as follows: receiving MRI three weeks after biopsiesand laparoscopic radical prostatectomy within 300 days after biopsy. We divided the patients into two groups with (group A) or without (group B) prostatic bleeding. We examined the magnitude of prostatic bleeding after biopsies and the relationship with operation time (OT), positive surgical margin (PSM), biochemical recurrence (BCR) and other factors. Furthermore, we created a logistic-regression model to derive a propensity score for prostatic bleeding after biopsies, which included all patient and hospital characteristics as well as selected interaction terms, and we examined the relationship with PSM and BCR. Results: In all patients, the OT in the group B was shorter than the group A (p < 0.001). Prostatic bleeding was associated with PSM (p=0.000) and BCR (p=0.036). In this propensity-matched cohort, 11 of 116 patients in the group B had PSM as compared with 36 of 116 patients from group A (match-adjusted odds ratio, 4.30; 95%CI confidence interval, 2.06 to 8.96; P=0.000). In addition, eight of 116 patients in group B encountered BCR, as compared with 18 of 116 patients in group A (match-adjusted odds ratio, 2.48; 95%CI, 1.03 to 5.96; P=0.042). Kaplan-Meier analysis in the propensity matching cohort showed a significant biochemical recurrence-free survival advantage for being free of prostate bleeding after biopsies. Conclusions: Our findings in the present cohort should help equip surgeons to pay attention to careful excision especially for those who experienced deferred prostatic bleeding.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.62-71
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• 2013

TDOA (time difference of arrival)와 FDOA (frequency difference of arrival)를 동시에 사용하는 신호원 위치추정 방법은 단일 정보를 이용하는 경우에 비해 높은 정확도를 가지며 이동 신호원의 속도 추정이 가능하다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 최근 종속 미지변수를 정의한 후 비반복적으로 해를 구하는 방법들이 제안되고 있으나 전자전 환경과 같이 수신단과 신호원 간의 거리가 상대적으로 먼 경우에는 추정 정확도가 낮고 모든 수신단 쌍이 동일한 기준 수신단을 공유하여야 한다는 운용상의 제약이 존재한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 비선형 LS 최적해를 반복계산을 통해 얻어내는 Gauss-Newton 기법을 적용하여 이동 신호원의 위치좌표와 속도벡터를 추정한다. 또한 이동 신호원의 위치와 속도 추정 결과를 효과적이고 정량적으로 분석하기 위해 CRLB (Cramer-Rao lower bound) 행렬을 각각의 부공간으로 분해하여 2차원 공간상에 독립된 CEP (circular error probable) 평면으로 도시한다. 모의실험을 통해 주어진 수신단 배치와 조합에서 이동 신호원의 위치 및 속도 추정 성능을 확인하고 분석 결과를 제시한다.