• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.650-661
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental data for determining contents of Fundamental Nursing Practice and developing desirable bedside nursing techniques for clinical nursing areas. Subjects for this study were 86 nurses who were employees of two university hospitals located in Seoul and a district area. Data were collected by questionnaires. Items of Fundamental Nursing Practice were classified into 72 items according to the result from content analysis of 9 textbooks of Fundamental Nursing. The results are as follows : 1) Items which above 80% of respondents practiced during the school inside practice or clinical nursing practice course were axillary temperature measurement, radial pulse measurement, respiratory rate measurement, application of oral hygiene, hand-washing technique, application of hot and cold bags, intramuscular injection technique, open bed-making, soap enema method, application of nelaton catheterization and oral and nasal suction methods. 2) Above 90% of respondents replied that all items except temperature measurement and bed-making were requisite contents for Fundamental Nursing Practice. Above 10% of respondents replied oral and rectal temperature measurement and bed-making were unnecessary content. 3) Above 90% of respondents replied that operating methods of all items except isolation technique, admission and discharge procedures, and retention enema in the Fundamental Nursing Practice course and clinical situation were consistent. The main reasons that respondents did not apply methods which they learned in the Fundamental Nursing Practice course to the clinical situation were 'insufficient time', 'colleagues were using different methods', 'insufficient supply of instuments' or 'inappropriate appliances'.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2014

Weather routing of a ship provides an optimal route to the destination by using minimal time or fuel in a given sea condition. These days, weather routing came into a spotlight with soaring fuel price and the environmental regulations of IMO and several countries. This study presents three scenarios of voyaging strategies for a ship and compared them in terms of the fuel consumption. The first strategy fixes the speed of a ship as a constant value for entire sailing course, the second fixes the RPM of the ship as constant for entire course, and the third determines the RPMs of the ship for each segment of the course. For each strategy, a ship route is optimized by using the $A^*$ search method. Wind, ocean current and wave are considered as ocean environment factors when seeking the optimal routes. Based on 7000 TEU container ship's sea trial records, simulation has been conducted for three scenarios, and the most efficient routing scenario is determined in the view of fuel consumption.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 2014

PURPOSES : This study estimated an asphalt pavement internal behavior under uphill lanes considering reducing speed of heavy truck on uphill slope. METHODS : Truck performance curve which has been adapted to "Korea Highway Capacity Manual" was analyzed. And asphalt pavement internal behaviors were estimated with Multi-layered elastic analysis using KPRP(Korea Pavement Research Program) dynamic modulus prediction equations. RESULTS : As a result, it is shown that when the standard truck drives 2.0 km at a speed of 80 km/h in 8% climbing slope, it's speed reduced to 25.4 km/h, at same time frequency in asphalt layer decrease to 67.2% and it's dynamic modulus degrades to 30.9%. Based on these results, internal behavior as decreasing vehicle speed on uphill lanes were estimated. CONCLUSIONS : From the results of Multi-layered elastic analysis, internal behavior showed that when the standard truck drives 2.0 km at a speed of 80 km/h in 8% slope on uphill lanes, vertical strain was increased to 44.4% at the bottom of surface course, and lateral tensile strain was increased to 20.5% at the bottom of base course.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.223-240
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• 2015

This study qualitatively investigates the nature of the challenges that a student who is highly successful in mathematics faces in learning college-level elementary statistics. The study draws on the constructs of eagerness, flexibility and willingness to characterize the necessary disposition for critical thinking that is essential in learning statistics. The case study is based on data collected through a survey assessment and a follow-up interview with a mathematics major enrolled in an elementary college statistics course at the time of the study. The qualitative analysis relies on the student's verbal descriptions of the challenges he was experiencing in the course. The findings suggest that while his strong inclination towards inquisitive learning and strong understanding of mathematical concepts supported this student's mathematics learning, the same characteristics might have been causing him difficulties in learning college-level elementary statistics.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.605-618
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to develop the household analysis and diagnosis program for the enhancement of family welfare focusing on the household of middle-aged full-time housewives. From the review of related literatures, the following areas of total family life were selected ; household management, time use, housing, household materials, finance, communication and decision making. Considering that the program subjects were middle-aged full-time housewives, the preparation for elderly life and the identity as housewife, one of the healthy family members, are appended. The progresses for the development of household analysis and diagnosis program were as follows: 1. to select the useful area of family life, 2. to make the indicators which explain the status of family life, and 3. to decide the scales for the diagnosis. This program has various uses such as the development of self-evaluation program, program for various family life course. Through this program the strength and weakness of family life can be found and the planning for the enforcement of family life can be practiced.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2023

Background: Assessments of air leaks are usually performed subjectively, precluding the use of air leaks as an evaluation factor. We aimed to identify objective parameters as predictive factors for prolonged air leak (PAL) and air leak cessation (ALC) from air flow data produced by a digital drainage system. Methods: Flow data records of 352 patients who underwent lung lobectomy were reviewed, and flow data at designated intervals (1, 2, and 3 hours postoperatively [POH] and 3 times a day thereafter [06:00, 13:00, 19:00]) were extracted. ALC was defined by flow less than 20 mL/min over 12 hours, and PAL was defined as ALC after 5 days. Cumulative incidence curves were obtained using Kaplan-Meier estimates of time to ALC. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the effects of variables on the rate of ALC. Results: The incidence of PAL was 18.2% (64/352). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed cut-off values of 180 mL/min for the flow at 3 POH and 73.3 mL/min for the flow on postoperative day 1; the sensitivity and specificity of these values were 88.9% and 82.5%, respectively. The rates of ALC by Kaplan-Meier analysis were 56.8% at 48 POH and 65.6% at 72 POH. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the flow at 3 POH (≤80 mL/min), operation time (≤220 minutes), and right middle lobectomy independently predicted ALC. Conclusion: Air flow measured by a digital drainage system is a useful predictor of PAL and ALC and may help optimize the hospital course.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2010

Biclustering is a method of finding meaningful subsets of objects and attributes simultaneously, which may not be detected by traditional clustering methods. It is popularly used for the analysis of microarray data representing the expression levels of genes by conditions. Usually, biclustering algorithms do not consider a sequential relation between attributes. For time series data, however, bicluster solutions should keep the time sequence. This paper proposes a new biclustering algorithm for time series data by modifying the plaid model. The proposed algorithm introduces a parameter controlling an interval between two selected time points. Also, the pruning step preventing an over-fitting problem is modified so as to eliminate only starting or ending points. Results from artificial data sets show that the proposed method is more suitable for the extraction of biclusters from time series data sets. Moreover, by using the proposed method, we find some interesting observations from real-world time-course microarray data sets and apartment price data sets in metropolitan areas.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to develop a Gi-Gong method instruction configured with modern motions to suit the Medical curing characteristics of Korean Medicine and improve the development and validation of educational and clinical needs. Methods : We took survey on 33 students after giving 'Yang-Seng Gi-Gong' lectures at Woosuk University School of Korean Medicine in the first semester of the year 2015. Results : 1. Reflection of training goal was 7.75±1.79, which showed that the education was overall interesting, but showed a high satisfaction with the practical rather than the theoretical lectures. 2. General difficulty level was intermediate, but the practice of Hwal-In-Shim-Bang Do-In-Beop from several formulations were evaluated relatively difficult exercise. 3. The propriety of training materials were rated as mostly adequate, but that assessment was relatively less appropriate for the linkage of theory and practice, and that of time allocation and place was a normal level. 4. For the propriety of time distribution, the class of one semester such as the current is rated appropriate by 61% of students. 5. General class participation was 6.34±2.52, then participation in practice than theory lessons were active. On the other hand, Induction training participation and participation appeared to be relatively low correlation, but overall interesting and participation in practice high correlation. Conclusions : The difficulty level of theory lessons is necessary to be adjusted and lecture form will need to continue focusing on practical lessons.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.447-460
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• 2017

This study asked preservice elementary teachers to conduct an inquiry of observing the moon, and analyzed the phenomena observed, difficulties experienced, and pedagogical suggestions by the preservice teachers. Participants were 31 undergraduate students enrolled in a science course in a university of education. As a part of the course, the preservice teachers observed the moon for about a month and completed personal journals which described the phenomena they observed, difficulties they experienced, and the pedagogical suggestions to help elementary students conduct the same inquiry activity. The analysis of the journals revealed that the preservice teachers observed the moon mostly during the evening or night and that they noticed lunar phases, directions, altitudes, and color and brightness more frequently than other phenomena. The preservice teachers experienced difficulties related to the observation time, lunar phases, directions, and altitudes, and, reflecting on their own experiences, suggested a variety of pedagogical ideas about these difficulties. The pedagogical suggestions by the preservice teachers also included how to help elementary students keep their interest and perform the moon observation for a rather long period of time. Implications for moon investigations in the elementary school science classroom and relevant research were discussed.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.239-243
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• 2002

Changes of plasma vitellogenin (VTG) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were examined for determining whether hepatocyte was damaged during the process of VTG induction in the juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli exposed to exogenous estrogen (estradiol-l7$\beta$, E$_2$). Rockfishes were intraperitoneally injected with E$_2$(5 mg/kg B.W.) in 70% ethanol and plasma sampling were extracted at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 days af-ter E$_2$administration. VTG and GPT were then analyzed by SDS -PAGE and Reitman -Frankel method, respectively. VTG band was detected at a molecular weight position of 175 kDa on Day 3 after E$_2$administration. This band became more distinct at 6 days, but its was gradually thinned with time -course, and not detected at 15 days. GPT was suddenly increased at 1 days after 22 administration and highest GPT was detected at 3 days. However. GPT was gradually decreased with time -course as the change of VTG. These results suggest that the process of VTG induction by exogenous E$_2$damage to hepatocyte, and plasma GPT was temporarily increased in the juvenile rockfish.