• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2002

Steinernematidae와 Heterorhabditidae속에 속하는 7종의 곤충병원성 선충으로부터 매우 강한 살충성을 갖는 공생박테리아를 분리하여 그 종별 특성을 비교하였다. 분리된 공생박테리아의 종별 배양특성, 살충특성, 단백질 분해 효소의 활성 및 지방산 함량 등이 조사되었다. XR-PC 및 XR-MK의 성장 및 살충성이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났으며 대수증식기 초기에 살충성이 가장 높은 반면에, 시간이 지남에 따라 살충성도 점차 감소되었다. 이 살충성은 protease 역가와 직접 관련이 없었으나 XR-DR의 경우 다른 종에 비해 배양 3일째 약 4.5배의 최대 활성을 보였다. 그러나 HE-HY의 경우 균체의 성장에 비례하여 protease 역가도 계속 증가하였다. 지방간 함량의 경우 특히 공생박테리아의 종별로 12:0, 14:0, 16:1 cia 5, 17:0 cyclo에서 지방산 함량의 차이를 크게 나타내었으며 hydroxy와 branch 지방산이 전체 지방간의 약 2-15%가지 변화하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.533-538
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• 2009

보다 우수한 살모넬라 진단법을 개발하고자, 면역리포좀을 이용하여 계란에서의 살모넬라를 분석하는 새로운 진단법과 시판 간이키트를 사용한 살모넬라 분석과의 결과를 비교하였다. 면역리포좀을 이용하여 난각을 분석한 결과, 36개의 계란 시료 중 1건에서 살모넬라 양성 결과가 나타났으며 시판 간이키트를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 36개의 계란 시료 중 6건에서 살모넬라 양성 결과가 나타났다. 총 7건의 양성 결과는 생화학적 동정에 의해서 살모넬라균이 아닌 것으로 확인되었다. 난황과 난백으로 이루어진 내용물의 경우, 두 분석법에 의하여 살모넬라 균이 전혀 검출되지 않았으며 이는 배지 배양법과 일치하는 결과였다. 면역리포좀을 이용한 진단법은 시판 간이키트에 비해 민감도가 높고 분석에 소요되는 총 시간이 24시간 단축되는 우수성을 보였다. 난각에서는 Acinetobacter baumanni, Chryseomonas luteola, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Escherichia hermannii, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pantoea spp., Pasteurella pneumotropica와 같은 세균이 분리되었는데, A. baumanni와 P. pneumotropica를 제외한 대부분의 세균들은 계란의 전처리 공정 중에 빈번하게 분리되는 균들로 확인되었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.601-606
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• 2017

Cystoisospora is responsible for morbidity in immunocompromised patients. PCR is sensitive for diagnosing Cystoisospora; however, it needs reevaluation for differential molecular diagnosis of cystoisosporiasis. We aimed at evaluating melting curve analysis (MCA) after real-time PCR (qPCR) in diagnosis and genotyping of Cystoisospora as an alternative to conventional PCR. We included 293 diarrheic stool samples of patients attending the Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine of Cairo University Hospitals, Egypt. Samples were subjected to microscopy, nested PCR (nPCR), and qPCR targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 region (ITS2) of the ribosomal RNA (r RNA) gene followed by melting temperatures ($T_ms$) analysis and comparing the results to PCR-RFLP banding patterns. Using microscopy and ITS2-nPCR, 3.1% and 5.8% of cases were Cystoisospora positive, respectively, while 10.9% were positive using qPCR. Genotyping of Cystoisospora by qPCR-MCA revealed 2 genotypes. These genotypes matched with 2 distinct melting peaks with specified $T_ms$ at $85.8^{\circ}C$ and $88.6^{\circ}C$, which indicated genetic variation among Cystoisospora isolates in Egypt. Genotype II proved to be more prevalent (65.6%). HIV-related Kaposi sarcoma and leukemic patients harbored both genotypes with a tendency to genotype II. Genotype I was more prevalent in lymphomas and mammary gland tumors while colorectal and hepatocellular tumors harbored genotype II suggesting that this genotype might be responsible for the development of cystoisosporiasis in immunocompromised patients. Direct reliable identification and differentiation of Cystoisospora species could be established using $qPCR-T_ms$ analysis which is useful for rapid detection and screening of Cystoisospora genotypes principally in high risk groups.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2014

Acid mine drainage occurrence is a serious environmental problem by mining industry; it usually contain high levels of metal ions, such as iron, copper, zinc, aluminum, and manganese, as well as metalloids of which arsenic is generally of greatest concern. It causes mine impacted soil pollution with mining and smelting activities, fossil fuel combustion, and waste disposal. In the present study, three bacterial strains capable of producing urease were isolated by selective enrichment of heavy metal contaminated soils from a minei-mpacted area. All isolated bacterial strains were identified Sporosarcina pasteurii with more than 98% of similarity, therefore they were named Sporosarcina sp. KM-01, KM-07, and KM-12. The heavy metals detected from the collected mine soils containing bacterial isolates as Mn ($170.50mg\;kg^{-1}$), As ($114.05mg\;kg^{-1}$), Zn ($92.07mg\;kg^{-1}$), Cu ($62.44mg\;kg^{-1}$), and Pb ($40.29mg\;kg^{-1}$). The KM-01, KM-07, and KM-12 strains were shown to be able to precipitate calcium carbonate using urea as a energy source that was amended with calcium chloride. SEM-EDS analyses showed that calcium carbonate was successfully produced and increased with time. To confirm the calcium carbonate precipitation ability, urease activity and precipitate weight were also measured and compared. These results demonstrate that all isolated bacterial strains could potentially be used in the bioremediation of acidic soil contaminated by heavy metals by mining activity.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2001

Many Staphylococcus aureus strains produce enterotoxins causing food poisoning. Staphylococcal enterotoxins are classified by serological criteria into five major groups - subtype A to E. It is difficult, time-consuming, and expensive to detect staphylococcal enterotoxins in the clinical laboratory. In this study, we fried to detect the enterotoxin genes of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens and Kimbap - rice rolled in a sheet of laver - using multiplex PCR technique. A total of 77 strains of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical specimens and 78 strains from Kimbap were isolated. Among clinical isolates of S. aureus, 60 strains (78.0%) were identified as producing enterotoxins. A total offs strains (91.6%) in the 60 staphylococcal enterotoxin producing strains were enterotoxin subtype C. In case of kimbap: 43 (55.1%) strains were detected to produce enterotoxins and 39 (90.6%) enterotoxin producing strains were subtype A.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2009

A homoisoflavanone, 7,4'-dihydroxyhomoisoflavanone (1) and a flavanone, (2S)-7,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxyflavanone (2), were isolated from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, together with 4,4'-dihydroxychalcon (3), 2'-O-methylphlorethin (4), 1,3-bis-di-p-hydroxyphenyl-4-penten-1-one (5), and 2,4'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (6) on the basis of spectroscopic and physicochemical analyses including 1Dand 2D- NMR techniques as well as by comparison of their data with the published values. Compounds 1 - 4 were isolated for the first time from this plant source. Among isolates, compound 2 exhibited moderate inhibitory effect on the differentiation of pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.482-490
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• 2018

Candida albicans infections are often problematic to treat owing to antifungal resistance, as such infections are mostly associated with biofilms. The ability of C. albicans to switch from a budding yeast to filamentous hyphae and to adhere to host cells or various surfaces supports biofilm formation. Previously, the ethanol extract from Paeonia lactiflora was reported to inhibit cell wall synthesis and cause depolarization and permeabilization of the cell membrane in C. albicans. In this study, the P. lactiflora extract was found to significantly reduce the initial stage of C. albicans biofilms from 12 clinical isolates by 38.4%. Thus, to assess the action mechanism, the effect of the P. lactiflora extract on the adhesion of C. albicans cells to polystyrene and germ tube formation was investigated using a microscopic analysis. The density of the adherent cells was diminished following incubation with the P. lactiflora extract in an acidic medium. Additionally, the P. lactiflora-treated C. albicans cells were mostly composed of less virulent pseudohyphae, and ruptured debris was found in the serum-containing medium. A quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that P. lactiflora downregulated the expression of C. albicans hypha-specific genes: ALS3 by 65% (p = 0.004), ECE1 by 34.9% (p = 0.001), HWP1 by 29.2% (p = 0.002), and SAP1 by 37.5% (p = 0.001), matching the microscopic analysis of the P. lactiflora action on biofilm formation. Therefore, the current findings demonstrate that the P. lactiflora ethanol extract is effective in inhibiting C. albicans biofilms in vitro, suggesting its therapeutic potential for the treatment of biofilm-associated infections.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2015

Purpose: This study investigated the long-term clinical outcomes of patients with $p22^{phox}$-deficient chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) on Jeju Island and retrospectively evaluated the effects of interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) prophylaxis. Methods: The medical records of 15 patients with CGD were retrospectively reviewed. The efficacy of IFN-${\gamma}$ prophylaxis was evaluated by comparing the frequency of severe infections before and after starting continuous prophylaxis with IFN-${\gamma}$. Results: At the time of the analysis, 14 patients were alive, with a median age of 14.3 years. The diagnosis of CGD was made at a median age of 2.4 years, and the median age at onset of severe infection was 0.3 years. Thirteen of the 15 patients had their first severe infection within the first year of life. The overall incidence of severe infection was 1.36 infections per patient-year; pneumonia, suppurative lymphadenitis, and skin and subcutaneous abscesses were the most common infections. Aspergillus species were the most frequently isolated microorganisms, present in 15.8% of isolates. IFN-${\gamma}$ did not significantly change the rate of severe infection. The survival rate for patients after 2 years of age was 93%; there was a prolonged survival plateau beyond the age of 2. Conclusion: Compared with cases of X-linked CGD reported in other studies, patients with CGD on Jeju Island did not show obviously different clinical manifestations, but they had a significantly higher survival rate. Further studies with a substantially longer period of observation, and with more patients under intensive surveillance are necessary to elucidate the prophylactic efficiency of IFN-${\gamma}$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1123-1132
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• 2013

The removal of toxic Cr(VI) by microorganisms is a promising approach for Cr(VI) pollution remediation. In the present study, four indigenous bacteria, named LY1, LY2, LY6, and LY7, were isolated from Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. Among the four Cr(VI)-resistant isolates, strain LY6 displayed the highest Cr(VI)-removing ability, with 100 mg/l Cr(VI) being completely removed within 144 h. It could effectively remove Cr(VI) over a wide pH range from 5.5 to 9.5, with the optimal pH of 8.5. The amount of Cr(VI) removed increased with initial Cr(VI) concentration. Data from the time-course analysis of Cr(VI) removal by strain LY6 followed first-order kinetics. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain LY6 was identified as Pseudochrobactrum asaccharolyticum, a species that had never been reported for Cr(VI) removal before. Transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis further confirmed that strain LY6 could accumulate chromium within the cell while conducting Cr(VI) removal. The results suggested that the indigenous bacterial strain LY6 would be a new candidate for potential application in Cr(VI) pollution bioremediation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.316-320
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• 2008

과육을 제거한 산수유 씨의 MeOH 추출물의 EtOAc 분획물로부터 이용하여 10종의 화합물을 분리하였다. 이들 중에서 (+)- pinoresinol, (-)-balanophonin, vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, coniferaldehyde, betulinic acid는 이 식물에서 처음으로 분리된 물질들이다. 본 연구에서 분리된 10종의 화합물에 대한 in vitro 최종당화산물(AGEs) 생성억제효능 실험결과, (-)-balanophonin (화합물 2)과 gallicin(화합물 3)이 각각 $IC_{50}$ 값 27.81과 18.04${\mu}M$로 비교양성대조군인 aminoguanidine(974.59 ${\mu}M$)보다 훨씬 우수한 효능을 나타내었다.