• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제80권
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• pp.193-223
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• 2016

본 연구는 1960년대 전반기 한국 유선라디오 방송사업의 운영과 변모과정을 1963년 12월에 출범한 전국유선방송협회의 활동을 중심으로 살펴보고자 한다. 본고는 유선방송의 기술적 재정적 운영뿐만 아니라 재송신되는 방송프로그램의 편성과 운영에 대한 구체적인 해명, 그리고 국가와 관계 속에서 시장 내 행위자로서 유선방송사업자가 가진 자율성에 대한 검토가 필요하다는 문제의식으로부터, 1960년대 전반기 유선라디오 방송의 기술적 재정적 운영 및 프로그램 편성, 그리고 유선방송업자들의 협동체적 조직으로 출범했던 전국유선방송협회의 초기 사업구상 등을 살펴보았다.

• 복식
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• 제61권9호
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• pp.74-83
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• 2011

In the sense that it performs a function of communication with public, fashion illustration, which visualizes fashion information in an illustrated way, shares similar characteristics with graffiti, which represents the society of its time while having a value as a modern art itself. Therefore, the study aims to seek possibility of graffiti expression of fashion illustration, and to establish theoretical research systems for reestablishment of practical development methods of the graffiti expressions. The concrete contents of this study include followings: First, it examines the methods and characteristics of the graffiti expressions by analyzing the works of graffiti artists in order to understand the concept of graffiti and to find out the theoretical approach to it. Second, it investigates the characteristics of graffiti, and proposes concepts associated with graffiti after analyzing examples of fashion illustration which graffiti expressions are reflected. Third, it draws meanings that the use of graffiti expressions has in fashion illustration. In conclusion, graffiti expressions in fashion illustration are used in brand logos and text, human body deformation and omissions, autonomous expressions of variety of materials, symbolism, amusement, and autonomy as they are characterized by strong colors to express significance.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.161-184
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• 2020

In the process of the annulment of arbitral awards, the Swiss Federal Supreme Court contributes to keeping Switzerland as a venue for international arbitration. Challenges to an award rendered in Switzerland are handled by the Swiss Supreme Court only. Furthermore, the Swiss law provides extremely limited grounds (PILA 190) for the potential challenge of the award and those are different from what model law countries have. For example, violations of the parties' agreed procedural arrangements will not be grounds for the annulment of an award in Swiss. In arbitration, the intervention of a national court is necessary to protect justice but at the same time, it can impede the process of arbitration, even making it useless. Limited intervention of the Swiss Supreme Court protects the efficiency, autonomy, and justice of international arbitration. International Arbitration has to be simple and fast to solve complex international commercial problems and to promote trade. Therefore, the process and technique to be applied on an Arbitration-friendly Swiss court should be considered.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.41-60
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• 2004

Ship design process requires lots of complicated analyses for determining a large number of design variables. Due to its complexity, the process is divided into several tractable designs or analysis problems. The interdependent relationship requires repetitive works. This paper employs collaborative optimization (CO), one of the multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) techniques, for treating such complex relationship. CO guarantees disciplinary autonomy while maintaining interdisciplinary compatibility due to its bi-level optimization structure. However, the considerably increased computational time and the slow convergence have been reported as its drawbacks. This paper proposes the use of an approximation model in place of the disciplinary optimization in the system-level optimization. Neural network classification is employed as a classifier to determine whether a design point is feasible or not. Kriging is also combined with the classification to make up for the weakness that the classification cannot estimate the degree of infeasibility. For the purpose of enhancing the accuracy of a predicted optimum and reducing the required number of disciplinary optimizations, an approximation management framework is also employed in the system-level optimization.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.234-245
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• 2012

This study aims to analyze the factors of the extra-curricula area in personal school performance record and propose the practical strategies for entrance examination affairs on this area. To address this goal, we have applied a SWOT analysis with related documents and research results. We found out five strengths: (S1) Link the students' experience to right people for the university, (S2) Quantitative Indicators, (S3) Qualitative Indicators, (S4) Link to other evaluation factors, and (S5) Analysis of Human Resource. The weakness included: (W1) Fairness, (W2) Reliability, (W3) Difficulties to set standards, (W4) Difficulties to set environments, and (W5) Lack of systemic experience of an evaluation. We also discovered five opportunities (O1) Recognition of public education, (O2) The need of national support, (O3) The importance of autonomy, (O4) Specialization, and (O5) Networks. Finally, threat factors consisted of: (T1) Frequent change of educational policy, (T2) Increasing of private education, (T3) Lack of information and preparation time, and (T4) The accuracy and reliability of personal school records. Based on these results, we suggested practical strategies with these four dimensions: S-O, W-O, S-T, and W-T.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제46권
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• pp.178-209
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• 2001

This paper aims to provide a critical assesment of Conservatives's and new Labour's social assistance reforms in the U.K. and their differential impacts on low income groups. During the period of 18 years in power, the Conservative governments enforced benefit recipients being capable of work to be out of benefits and to get into work. They employed not only 'carrots' to encourage beneficiaries being capable of work to have full-time work, but also 'sticks' to discourage them to depend on benefits. The reforms under the Conservative governments were closer to the workfare model. The new Labour government has continued to emphasize work regarding social security reform. It has raised 'from welfare to work' as the main reform objective. However, it has not necessarily focused on 'carrots and sticks' in order to get beneficiaries into work. Instead, the new Labour government has put its priority regarding social assistance reform on human capital development in order to develop the capability of beneficiaries for work. Britain under the new Labour government seems to be moving from workfare to activation model. These differentials between the Conservative governments and the new Labour government regarding social assistance reforms bring about the different policy outcomes. Under the Conservative government, social assistance programmes were prone to strengthen the state's control over benefit recipients and to increase stigma to them. Punitive, demeaning, stigmatising programmes of work and unending job search activities harm the bases of self-respect. On the contrary, the activation programmes under the new Labour government has contributed positively to both socially significant participation and autonomy of beneficiaries.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.453-465
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• 2012

Purpose: The study was done to develop a shared decision-making scale for end-of-life patients in Korea. Methods: The process included construction of a conceptual framework, generation of initial items, verification of content validity, selection of secondary items, preliminary study, and extraction of final items. The participants were 388 adults who lived in one of 3 Korean metropolitan cities: Seoul, Daegu, or Busan. Item analysis, factor analysis, criterion related validity, and internal consistency were used to analyze the data. Data collection was done from July to October 2011. Results: Thirty-four items were selected for the final scale, and categorized into 7 factors explaining 61.9% of the total variance. The factors were labeled as sharing information (9 items), constructing system (7 items), explanation as a duty (5 items), autonomy (4 items), capturing time (3 items), participation of family (3 items), and human respect (3 items). The scores for the scale were significantly correlated among shared decision-making scale, terminating life support scale, and dignified dying scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 34 items was .94. Conclusion: The above findings indicate that the shared decision-making scale has a good validity and reliability when used for end-of-life patients in Korea.

• 한국지형공간정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지형공간정보학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.119-129
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• 2002

The information system fields of spatial applications have rapidly grown during the last decade in Korea. Spatial data has been produced for a variety of systems without common standards until national GIS Committee defined the data exchange formats among spatial databases in the middle of 1990's. It aimed at promoting data sharing between the different systems in similar application fields. However, a considerable number of databases built prior to the introduction of the standards are not yet standard compliant but still play the roles of the main producers/consumers in the data collection field such as early developed huge AM/FM systems maintained by governmental organizations. The strong autonomy of these databases keeps their own data models, formats and descriptions from being standardized, which leads the sharing to a more difficult stage. Sharing is another way of data acquisition with least efforts and time away from direct collection. A data clearinghouse is the core module which directs users to the relevant data resources. The contents of datasets should be described with predefined metadata standards for precise indexing. Moreover, a number of technical problems have to be resolved for the common use of data between heterogeneous spatial database systems. However, the technical issues can be covered by the present information technologies. The difficulties persist in the political/institutional issues. Institutional issues are derived from the diverse sources such as political background, governmental policies, related laws and/or regulations. The paper will firstly make an analysis of current situation in terms of Korean policies, laws and regulations, secondly abstract the institutional issues from the situation analysis, lastly present guidelines for promoting spatial data sharing in Korea.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to develop a family functioning scale that is suitable for Korean families. The data for this study were obtained from a survey on a sample of 350 mothers of school-age children, who were living in Seoul, Kyunggi-do, and other cities of Korea. The major findings ate as follows; 1) Through the item discrimination test, 63 of the 77 items were found to be significant, thus deemed acceptable. The level of discrimination indices of the 63 items ranged from .38 to .84. 2) A factor analysis was conducted on the 63 items. Six different factors (Emotional Support, Family Intimacy, Respect for Autonomy, Communication, Family Rules, Time Spent Together) emerged for 37 items. The six factors accounted for 56.51% of total variance. 3) A multiple regression analysis was conducted to reduce the number of items, and the final 36 items were selected for the Family Functioning Scale. 4) The reliability measured by the internal consistency of the 36 items was high (Cronbach's a =.93). 5) The Family Functioning Scale was found to have a significant correlation with FACESIII(r=.80) as well as with FAD(r=.78).

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.35-51
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to provide information for research about residents' opinion toward the physical environments of elderly facilities, through the analysis and investigation on the research methodology of foreign academic journal articles from 1990 to 2014. The study results were as follows: Firstly, purposive sampling was a large majority of both facilities and elderly residents. In quantitative studies, many researchers have conducted simple random, cluster, or stratified sampling. Diverse facilities in area, size, location, and etc. should be considered for participation. The qualifications for residents' participation should be considered as well, so that they all could have autonomy for study participation. Secondly, questionnaire and semi-structured guide were likely to be used in independent and resident care facilities. On the other hand in assisted living and long-term care facilities, open questions and visual material were used as well. A compatible scale should be developed so that elderly having variable functional level could participate independently in the study. Thirdly, in data collection process, compliance with research ethics and well trained interviewer's skill were important for residents' active responses and minimization of response errors. Enough research period of time and mixed study in data collection will decrease the response error.