• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.109-115
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• 2019

Objectives: This study investigates lay beliefs about the etiology and treatments of tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome, as well as identifying sociodemographic and personality variables affecting these beliefs among South Koreans. Methods: In total, 673 participants (mean age $41.77{\pm}12.03$ years) completed an online survey regarding their beliefs about tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome. The factors related to their lay beliefs about the disorders were analyzed, and the correlates were investigated. Results: Results indicated that lay people in South Korea held strong beliefs that the causes of tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome lie within the parenting/psychological and neurological/biological categories, compared to the dietary/environmental one. Among the sociodemographic variables, sex, age, and levels of subjective mental health knowledge were primarily associated with the aforementioned beliefs. Familiarity with tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome was also associated with these beliefs. Among the personality traits investigated, extraversion and conscientiousness had significant influences on the beliefs people had about tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome. Conclusion: The results suggest that both policy makers and mental health service providers should adopt a strategic approach for developing and implementing health education interventions about tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome because individual sociodemographic variables, familiarity with the disorders, and personality traits are all associated with the beliefs about these disorders.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.91-104
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• 2013

Objective : This study was designed to analyze the clinical studies on Tic disorder in traditional Korean medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. Methods : To figure out the Tic disorder, Korean medical studies from Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS) and Chinese Medical Journals from Wangfang data and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) which published in 2008 to 2012 were analyzed. Results & Conclusions : 1. DSM-IV(7 studies), CCMD(3 studies) were frequently used in the diagnosis of tic disorder. 2. The herbs used for the treatment of tic disorder are Uncariae ramulus et Uncus(釣鉤藤), Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥), Poria(白茯苓), Buthus martensi Karsch(全蝎) etc. 3. Acupuncture points frequently used were Paek'oe(GV20), Pungji(GB20), Naegwan(PC6), Sasinchong(EX-HN1), T'aech'ung(LR3), Joksamni(ST36), Hapgok(LI4) and so on. 4. The cause of Tic disorder is connected with liver, heart, spleen, kidney, gall bladder among the internal organs and Fire(火), Wind(風), Dampness(濕) of external causes.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.119-146
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• 2009

Objectives : In this study, patients with tic disorders who visited an Oriental medicine clinic were examined for their demographic characteristics, characteristics of symptoms, relation to Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) and peculiarity according to various variables such as motor and vocal tics. Methods : After surveying 292 patients who visited an Oriental medicine clinic with tic symptoms as main complaints for 17 months, SAS 9.1, a statistical program was used for statistical analysis. Results : 1. The BMI of male tic patients was significantly higher than female ones and it was similar to or higher than the normal group. 2. Patients who are eldest children were 1.7 times higher than those who are not eldest ones. 3. The most usual case of motor tics was the eye blink and the most one of vocal tics was a dry cough. 4. There was no significant difference between male and female patients for all symptoms of motor and vocal tics, but male patients had significantly more obsessions related to tics than female ones. 5. There was no significant difference in the age of initial occurrence of Transient tic disorder(TTD), Chronic tic disoder(CTD) and Tourette's disorder(TD). 6. For the general disorder of a tic and Conners' ADHD rating scale, there was no significance in TTD, CTD and TD. 7. 66% out of the total subjects of 197 cases were found to score more than 65 points in more than 1 items among 8 items such as the time, hearing, wrong alarm, mean response time and standard deviation in the response time, etc. of the ADHD diagnosis system(ADS). 8. The eye blink among motor tics was shown mainly by patients under 10 years old and the frown, movement of the head, shrug and movement of the arms were shown mainly by 11-19 years old patients. Conclusions : For the number, frequency, seriousness and inconvenience in life of tics, TD showed a significantly higher result than TTD and CTD.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review the acupuncture treatment studies of tic disorder in traditional chinese medicine. Methods : We reviewed the 16 studies about acupuncture treatment of tic disorder which were published from 2005 through 2007. We selected those studies from CNKI(中國知識基礎設施工程 http://www.cnki.net). Results : Selected 16 studies were divided into 8 case reports and 8 control studies. CCMD(6 studies) and DSM(4 studies) were frequently used in the diagnosis of tic disorder. Acupuncture points frequently used were 百會(Baekhoe, $GV_{20}$), 太衝(Taechung, $LR_3$), 風池(Pungji, $GB_{20}$), 合谷(Hapgok, $LI_4$), 神門(Sinmun, $HT_7$), 三陰交(Sameumgyo, $SP_6$), 內關(Naegwan, $PC_6$) and so on. According to specific parts of symptom, some acupuncture points were added. Most of studies reported that acupuncture treatments of tic disorder were very effective. Conclusions : There have been reported many acupuncture treatment studies of tic disorder in traditional chinese medicine. We believe that these studies could be applied to the clinical practices in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.236-241
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• 2023

Objectives: According to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases, the main categories of tic disorders (F95.0, F95.1, and F95.2) follow a diagnostic hierarchy based on the duration and diversity of tic symptoms. The present study investigated the use of this diagnostic hierarchy in real-world clinical practice. Methods: Based on the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Information Database, the diagnosis of transient tic disorder (F95.0) made after a diagnosis of chronic motor or vocal tic disorder (F95.1) or Tourette's syndrome (F95.2) and diagnosis of chronic motor or vocal tic disorder (F95.1) made after a diagnosis of Tourette's syndrome (F95.2) were referred to as type A errors. The diagnosis of transient tic disorder (F95.0) repeated after a period of >12 months was referred to as type B error. Demographic and clinical differences according to the diagnostic error types were analyzed using analysis of variance, Student's t-tests, and chi-squared tests. Results: Most participants (96.5%) were without errors in the diagnosis of tic disorders. Higher proportions of males (p=0.005) and antipsychotic prescriptions (p<0.001) were observed in patients with type A or B diagnostic errors. A higher proportion of health insurance holders was observed among those with type A errors (p=0.027). Conclusion: Errors were absent in majority of the tic diagnoses in real-world clinical practice in terms of the diagnostic hierarchy.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.51-62
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• 2021

Objectives: Tic disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple involuntary movements of muscles or vocalization. Although tic symptoms subside as the patient ages, some patients suffer from significant functional impairments related to severe tic symptoms. This manuscript aimed to review the latest scientific evidences for the effect of cognitive-behavioral interventions on tic disorder. Methods: The relevant studies were identified by searching medical research databases. We focused our search on studies published between 2000 and 2020 in order to reflect the latest scientific evidence. A total of 821 articles were identified in the initial database search and 27 articles were finally included for the review after the exclusion of duplicated and irrelevant articles. Results: Behavioral therapies including habit reversal training, Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics, and exposure and response prevention were the most widely studied interventions for tic disorder and are recommended as first-line treatments for tic disorders with high confidence. Cognitive psychophysiologic approaches were also reported to be effective. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to support the future treatment of tics with low-cost and more widely available treatments, in order to ensure better treatment outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.115-124
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• 2001

Objective：The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical features of children with three subdiagnoses of tic disorder(transient tic disorder(TTD), chronic tic disorder(CTD) and Tourette’s disorder (TD)) and to exam the factors related with illness severity of them. Method：Subjects were 69 children who met DSM-IV criteria for tic disorder and 43 control children. All subjects were investigated demographic and clinical factors related to tic. The severity of tic was assessed with the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS) in tic disorder children. The Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL) was accomplished by parents of all subjects. Results：Children with TTD had not only shorter duration of tic symtoms but also milder tic severity and impairment than those with CTD and TD. They also had significantly lower scores on most CBCL subscales than children with CTD and TD, while they were similar with controls in all the CBCL subcale scores except aggressive behavior. Children with CTD and those with TD were similar to each other in clinical variables except number of tic symptom and scores on CBCL social problem subscale. The interference and intensity of motor tic symptoms and duration of tic symptoms were significant predictors of global impairment score on YGTSS, while the presence of comorbid ADHD was a preictor of the total behavior problem score of CBCL. Conclusion：These findings indicate that duration of tic symptoms and the presence of comorbid ADHD as well as the severity of tic symptoms strongly associated with the illness severity of children with tic disorder. These results also suggest that those clinical factors may be more important for assessing the severity of illness and determining the treatment strategy than the sub-diagnosis itself in children with tic disorder.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.225-236
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• 2007

Tic disorder show purposeless, repeated, unexpected, involuntary behavior and voice, can be divided into motor, vocal tic. this is about a patient who suffered from motor tic, tachycardia and other symptoms. We treated him with Sa-am acupuncture and other oriental medicine from the viewpoint of weak of kidney power. involuntary movement was estimated by doctor with Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS). The patient's motor tic, tachycardia and other symptoms were improved and YGTSS also decresed.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.9-18
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the recent Korean medicine treatment and study trends of tic disorder by reviewing clinical studies. Methods The clinical studies of Korean medicine treatment for tic disorder were obtained from National Discovery for Science Leader (NDSL), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal (KTKP) and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS). Results 15 articles were analyzed to find out the most commonly used herbal medicine, acupoints, other Korean medicine treatments and evaluation methods. Conclusions This study shows some common Korean medicine treatment methods for tic disorder which can be used for further research.

• Journal of TMJ Balancing Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2014

Therapeutic effect of Yinyang Balancing Appliance of functional cerebrospinal therapy (FCST) for meridian and neurologic yinyang balance was observed in chronic motor tic disorder. One chronic motor tic Disorder case was managed with the Yinyang Balancing appliance on tempromandibular joint (TMJ), combined with acupuncture. Clinical outcome measurement was based on subjective measures and clinical observations. The patient showed positive changes after the treatment and this effect maintained over the follow-up period. Although it is not clear the effect is sustaining or temporary in its nature, a positive effect was observed and further clinical and biological research on FCST is expected.