• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.331-336
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• 1983

Cor triatriatum is a rare congenital malformation of the heart, in which a septum stretches in a transverse or oblique plane through the left atrium, thus separating it into two compartments. The upper one connects with the pulmonary veins, and the lower one connects with the left ventricle. Due to the rarity of, and great difficulty in-diagnosing, cor trlatrlatum, data On the surgery of this disease are of necessity very limited and so accurate pre-operative diagnosis was very difficult to make. `We experienced a case of the cyanotic congenital heart disease which was diagnosed as a large atrlal septal defect with streaming venous blood from inferior vena cava to left atrium through atrial septal defect in August, 1982. We found that there were transverse septum in the left atrium through atrlal septal defect, the pulmonary venous drainage were located in the upper chamber of the left atrium, and the lower chamber was connected with the left atrial appendage, mitral valve and `left ventricle. But our case had not any opening in this transverse septum and the right atrium was connected with the upper chamber of the left atrium through the upper part of the atrlal septal defect, and was communicated with the lower chamber of the left atrium through the lower part of the atrlal septal defect. We excised the transverse septum and repair this atrial septal defect with Woven Dacron patch accompanying with the drainage of coronary sinus to right atrium. The post-operative course was not eventful and he was discharged with good result on the post-operative 8th day, and has been in good .condition up to now for longer than 10 months.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.161-163
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• 2019

This report describes the echocardiographic features of an indirect Gerbode defect in a young cat. Echocardiography revealed high-velocity, turbulent systolic flow directed from left ventricle to right ventricle through a ventricular septal defect. The flow immediately entered the right atrium through a tricuspid septal leaflet. The indirect-type Gerbode defect was confirmed through necropsy. When a high-velocity turbulent flow in the RA without pulmonary hypertension is observed on echocardiography, Gerbode defect should be considered.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.667-691
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• 2016

This study focuses on the damage detection of defect types in plate structures based on wavelet transform (WT) and curvelet transform (CT). In particular, for damage detection of structures these transforms have been developed since the last few years. In recent years, the CT approach has been also introduced in an attempt to overcome inherent limitations of traditional multi-scale representations such as wavelets. In this study, the performance of CT is compared with WT in order to demonstrate the capability of WT and CT in detection of defect types in plate structures. To achieve this purpose, the damage detection of defect types through defect shape in rectangular plate is investigated. By using the first mode shape of plate structure and the distribution of the coefficients of the transforms, the damage existence, the defect location and the approximate shape of defect are detected. Moreover, the accuracy and performance generality of the transforms are verified through using experimental modal data of a plate.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.174-178
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• 2021

A nine-year-old neutered male cat was presented with chronic cough and vomiting. Thoracic radiography showed regions of fatty opacity in the right caudoventral region. On positive contrast celiography, contrast agent did not move into thoracic cavity. Computed tomography revealed 7-mm diameter of defect at the right diaphragmatic crus and a 2-mm diameter defect at the left ventral diaphragmatic crus. Through the right diaphragmatic defect omental herniation was confirmed by the presence of contrast enhanced omental vessel running across the diaphragm. On exploratory thoracotomy, the omentum protruded into the thorax through the right diaphragmatic defect, and it contained a yellowish lipomatous mass. The protruded omentum containing a mass in the thorax was removed, and the right diaphragmatic defect was closed. Histopathologic examination revealed that the protruded omentum showed normal omental structure and the adipose mass showed lipoma surrounded by fibrous tissue. In conclusion, a thorough examination is necessary to confirm the origin of the mass located near the diaphragm.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1288-1296
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• 2016

The reliable detection of the limited defect in TFT-LCD images is difficult due to the small intensity difference with the background. However, the proposed detection method reliably detects the limited defect by enhancing the TFT-LCD image based on the cumulative histogram and then detecting the defect through the mean and standard deviation of the enhanced image. Notably, an image enhancement using a cumulative histogram increases the intensity contrast between the background and the limited defect, which then allows defects to be detected by using the mean and standard deviation of the enhanced image. Furthermore, through the comparison with the histogram equalization, we confirm that the proposed algorithm suppresses the emphasis of the noise. Experimental comparative results using real TFT-LCD images and pseudo images show that the proposed method detects the limited defect more reliably than conventional methods.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.310-315
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• 1983

The combined anomaly of pulmonary stenosis with atrial or ventricular septal defects is usually associated with decreased pulmonary blood flow and right to left shunt, and result in generalized cyanosis. Non-cyanotic pulmonary stenosis patients have generally been considered to have isolated pulmonary stenosis with intact septa. We are going to report a case of pulmonary stenosis with septal defects who have no frank cyanosis at rest because of the predominant intracardiac shunt from left to right. Recently, we managed surgically a case of pulmonary valvular stenosis combined with secundum type atrial septal defect, type II ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus. The clinical manifestations of this patient were exertional dyspnea, frequent upper respiratory infection, chest discomfortness and lethargy since late childhood and these had been progressively aggravated. Pulmonary valvular stenosis, atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect were closed through simply right atriotomy and patent ductus arteriosus through pulmonary arteriotomy. Immediate postoperative course was uneventful and one year follow up is excellent.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.248-253
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• 2001

Main disadvantages of conventional pectorails major myocutaneous flap is bulkness of muscular pedicle. It makes difficult to use this flap in a case of supraomohyoid neck dissection. Pectoralis major myocutaneous island flap is a modification to overcome this shortcoming. And bilobular design of skin portion of this flap could be used for reconstruction of a through and through defect. We report a case of reconstruction of full-thickness defect of cheek with bilobular pectoralis major myocutaneous island flap and compare it with conventional pectoralis myocutaneous flap.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 1997

This study aims to estimate the relative importance of quality management items through the defect analysis in the landscape construction process. The RIQMI are decided by the defect coefficient and it's cause weight. The defect items in the landscape construction process were classified by 56 items based on the classification form of '96 landscape architectural construction standard and the cause pattern were categorized 4 types as design, material, construction, and environment factors. To analyze the defect coefficient and the aucse weight by defect, the researcher surveyed the questionnaires on the 103 engineers and the 31 experts on the landscape architectural construction. The result of this study are as follows. The relative importance by facilities pattern turn out to be much higher construction, material fator than design. environment factor in wood facilities, paving facilities, and steel facilities, the RIQMI is very high in timber crack, timber vending, faulty of timber against decay, welding faulty of steel facilities in material factor, and timber crack, faulty of timber against decay, finish faulty of steel facilities, welding faulty of steel facilities in construction factor.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 2022

In this study, the parameters on the shrinkage defect of HR3C alloy was secured through computer simulation research, and the ingot mold with greater than 85% of sound area was designed and manufactured. Moreover, the optimized coagulation was proposed at design stage through computer simulation and test was performed upon ingot manufactured. After the test, the defect pattern was analyzed through cutting and non-destructive inspection to verify the parameter and ingot mold design. Based on the verification results, shrinkage defect parameters such as Niyama, Feed Efficiency, and Hot Tear Intensity of HR3C Alloys were obtained. In addition, through the secured parameters, a plan for designing ingot mold with a Non-defect area of 85% or more was secured.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.419-430
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• 2022

Defects in solids play a vital role on thermoelectric properties through the direct impacts of electronic band structure and electron/phonon transports, which can improve the electronic and thermal properties of a given thermoelectric semiconductor. Defects in semiconductors can be divided into four different types depending on their geometric dimensions, and thus understanding the effects on thermoelectric properties of each type is of a vital importance. This paper reviews the recent advances in the various thermoelectric semiconductors through defect engineering focusing on the charge carrier and phonon behaviors. First, we clarify and summarize each type of defects in thermoelectric semiconductors. Then, we review the recent achievements in thermoelectric properties by applying defect engineering when introducing defects into semiconductor lattices. This paper ends with a brief discussion on the challenges and future directions of defect engineering in the thermoelectric field.