• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제31권
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• pp.11.1-11.6
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• 2016

Objectives A hazard assessment of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a commonly used workplace chemical, was conducted in order to protect the occupational health of workers. A literature review, consisting of both domestic and international references, examined the chemical management system, working environment, level of exposure, and possible associated risks. This information may be utilized in the future to determine appropriate exposure levels in working environments. Methods Hazard assessment was performed using chemical hazard information obtained from international agencies, such as Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development-generated Screening Information Data Set and International Program on Chemical Safety. Information was obtained from surveys conducted by the Minister of Employment and Labor ("Survey on the work environment") and by the Ministry of Environment ("Survey on the circulation amount of chemicals"). Risk was determined according to exposure in workplaces and chemical hazard. Results In 229 workplaces over the country, 831 tons of DEHP have been used as plasticizers, insecticides, and ink solvent. Calculated 50% lethal dose values ranged from 14.2 to 50 g/kg, as determined via acute toxicity testing in rodents. Chronic carcinogenicity tests revealed cases of lung and liver degeneration, shrinkage of the testes, and liver cancer. The no-observed-adverse-effect level and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level were determined to be 28.9 g/kg and 146.6 g/kg, respectively. The working environment assessment revealed the maximum exposure level to be $0.990mg/m^3$, as compared to the threshold exposure level of $5mg/m^3$. The relative risk of chronic toxicity and reproductive toxicity were 0.264 and 0.330, respectively, while the risk of carcinogenicity was 1.3, which is higher than the accepted safety value of one. Conclusions DEHP was identified as a carcinogen, and may be dangerous even at concentrations lower than the occupational exposure limit. Therefore, we suggest management of working environments, with exposure levels below $5mg/m^3$ and all workers utilizing local exhaust ventilation and respiratory protection when handling DEHP.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.587-596
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• 2002

경험적 직교함수(EOF)분석법과 다중회귀법에 기초하여 지연상관된 광역규모 예측인자로부터 3개월 이전에 계절 강수량을 예측할 수 있는 슈퍼앙상블 모델이 개발되었다. 이 모델의 예측성이 교차검증법에 의해 평가되었다. 관측값과 예측값사이의 상관계수는 봄철에 0.73, 여름철에 0.61, 가을철에 0.69, 겨울철에 0.75로 나타났다. 이러한 값은 유의수준 ${\alpha}$=0.00에서 유의한 값이다. 수퍼 앙상블 방법의 범주형 예측성이 3개 범주로 나누어진 사례에 대해서 평가되었다. 3개 범주는 계절 누적강수량의 상위 33.3%를 과우해, 하위 33.3%를 소우해, 그 나머지를 평년해로 구분하였다. 범주형 예측의 적중률은 계절에 따라 42%에서 74%로 나타났다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2007

Recently, the tropospheric ozone has gained a global attention for its adverse effect on vegetation as well as its contribution to the global warming. Although a number of studies have been carried out for the urban ozone, the effect of ozone on vegetation is still largely unknown in Korea. The present work aimed at performing the first evaluation of forest damage by ozone using the national air monitoring data from the year 2000 to the year 2005. Moreover, it also explored the relevance of adverse effect of ozone to the recent events on leaf chlorosis of black locust, Robinia pseudo-acacia, leading to early foliage widely observed in Korea since 2001. In the nineties, forest damages caused by ozone such as leaf chlorosis occurred in Europe and North America and led to invoke comprehensive field and laboratory studies. As a result, AOT40, implying the accumulated dose over a threshold 40 ppb, was developed to assess the forest damage by ozone. 19 air monitoring stations were selected across Korea to calculate AOT40 from the year 2000 to the year 2005. The calculated AOT40 generally increased during April and May and reached the maximum after May. The increase of AOT40 diminished substantially from the mid-June as the rainy season started. The calculated AOT40 in the nine rural sites from the year 2002 to th ε year 2005 ranged from 6.8 to 29.4 ppm-hr. And all the AOT40 at th ε year 2005 exceeded the critical value of 10 ppm-hr for forest damage. Morevoer the calculated AOT40 of Korea appeared higher than the AOT40 of Europe in the year 2004/2005 and comparable to the AOT40 of China in the year 2000. Despite the high levels of the calculated AOT40 since the year 2001 and the consistency of time of seasons between high AOT40 values and occurrence of chlorosis of black locust, further studies are required to conclude that the chlorosis of black locust occurred from the year 2001 to the year 2005 were resulted from a damage by ozone.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2011

This study was intended to resolve problems caused by different classification criteria and management methods of carcinogenicity, which have made industrial safety & health institutions and business employers difficult to execute projects or to carry out occupational safety and health related works, and have affected how civic groups perceive carcinogens. The content of this study contained the comparison of management and categorization standards for carcinogens between Korea and other countries as well as the current carcinogenicity-related information supply status of each professional institution. Furthermore, this research examined the current state of supplying information on carcinogenicity among major institutional information supply according to the categorization standard for carcinogens by UN GHS, Ministry of Employment and Labor in Korea(KMoEL), and GHS MSDS provided by Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency(KOSHA). Now, professional agency provide 927 kinds of IARC, 237 kinds of NTP, 351 kinds of ACGIH and 1,006 kinds of EU ECHA information on carcinogenic agents. KMoEL provides carcinogenicity-related information of 58 chemical agents in accordance with the category of carcinogens guided by ACGIH. KOSHA offers 13,232 kinds of GHS MSDS information including 2,484 carcinogenic substances. Therefore, carcinogenicity-related information of chemical substances, which are not available on the existing GHS MSDS DB, should be updated for the future reference.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.293-303
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to determine if there were any beneficial effects of massage or microwave diathermy regarding delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and indices of muscle damage. Twenty-one adult women, randomly divided in two treatment groups and a control group, performed eccentric stepping exercise with the quadriceps until exhaustion. The treatment groups additionally performed massage or microwave diathermy after the stepping exercise. Pressure pain threshold measure for DOMS and muscle enzymes in the blood were obtained before, and 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after exercise. The results were as follows; 1. Eccentric exercise caused DOMS and elevations of muscle enzymes in the blood, with peak values exercise levels by 24 hours after exercise and GOT and CRP by 72 hours after exercise. DOMS and CK activity remained elevated 72 hours after exercise. 2. DOMS and blood muscle enzymes response to eccentric exercise were reduces by massage or micro diathermy therapy. DOMS was significantly decreased at 72 hours after exercise by massage and microwave diathermy. CK activity was significantly decreased at 72 hours after exercise by microwave diathermy. There was the significant reduction in LDH at 48 hours, GOT at 24, 48, 72 hours. and CRP at 24, 48 hours after exercise by massage and microwave diathermy. These results indicate that massage or microwave diathermy is had effect on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage. In our's suggestion. microwave diathermy is particularly more appropriate therapeutic modality because it is more simple and economic than massage.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.101-105
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• 2000

전보는 우리에게 아주 필요한 생활수단으로 긴급한 내용을 전달하거나, 바쁜 생활을 대신하여 애경사를 맞은 상대방에게 뜻을 전달하는 중요한 수단으로 활용되고 있다. 전보를 처리하는 과정이 첨단 정보통신의 발달로 인해 점점 편리해 지고 있는 반면 전보의 내용은 여전히 문자위주의 정보전달에서 벗어나지 못하고 있다. 보이스 전보는 사용자의 목소리를 문자와 함께 전달하는 것이다. 목소리가 함께 전달됨으로써 발신자의 정감과 분위기를 수신자에게 전달하여 보다 다양한 의미의 메시지를 알릴 수 있다. 그러나 목소리 정보는 데이터량이 많아 그대로 사용하게 되면 큰 메모리와 고가의 프로세서가 필요하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 보이스 전보 시스템에 필요한 간단하고 저가인 음성파형 부호화 알고리즘을 새로이 제안한다. 먼저 유성음 부분에서, 파형의 피치 주기별로 유사도를 측정하여 유사도가 높은 파형은 피치와 진폭 값만 저장하여 압축하고 유사도가 낮은 파형은 형태를 저장한다. 실험결과 45%로 압축할 때 MOS 4의 음질을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.2105-2112
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 대용량 전자메일 서버의 성능 데이터를 수집해 그 분석 결과를 웹 기반으로 관리자에게 제공하는 모니터링 시스템을 구현하였다. 이를 위해 전자메일 서버의 성능 데이터 수집 항목을 도출하고, 각 항목별 측정 임계치를 설정하여 전자메일 서버의 성능을 객관적인 수치로 표현될 수 있도록 하였다. 전자메일 서버의 성능 데이터 수집은 SCOM 2007 서버 모니터링 도구를 이용하였으며, 성능 분석 파라미터 설정은 마이크로소프트사에서 제공하는 Exchange 서버 관리 팩과 SCOM 2007에서 제공하는 모니터링 규칙을 이용하였다. ASP.NET 프레임워크 기반의 C# 프로그래밍을 통해 웹 기반의 성능 모니터링 프로그램을 개발했으며, 성능 분석 결과는 관리자에게 웹 기반의 성능보고서, 장애 보고서 및 가용성 보고서 형태로 제공된다. 장애 요소를 사전에 효율적으로 감지할 수 있어 본 시스템 적용 전후 비교시 60% 이상 장애 건수를 줄일 수 있었으며, 장애 발생시에도 복구에 소요되는 시간을 획기적으로 단축할 수 있었다.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.807-816
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• 2015

최근 주목 받고 있는 사물인터넷(Internet of Things)환경에서는 와이파이와 블루투스 같은 다양한 무선 표준들이 공존한다. 이러한 사물인터넷(IoT) 환경에서는 이종 무선 통신망 간의 핸드오버를 통하여 보다 안정적이고 효율적인 패킷 전송이 가능하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 사물인터넷 환경에서 다양한 무선표준과 통신프로토콜을 지원하는 IoT 브로커를 이용하여 와이파이와 블루투스 사이의 이종망 간 수직 핸드오버(Vertical handover) 시스템을 구현하였다. 핸드오버 시점 결정을 위하여 블루투스 프로토콜 스택(BlueZ)에서 제공하는 함수를 이용한 LQ(Link Quality)및 RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indication)측정 실험과 리눅스에서 제공하는 네트워크 정보를 활용한 사용자의 실시간 트래픽 측정 실험을 통해 최적의 Threshold값을 선정하였다. 실제 하드웨어를 사용한 실험을 통해 제안 방법이 에너지 효율을 향상시키고 QoS(Quality of Service)를 보장할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 모바일 3D 그래픽 가속기의 저전력 텍스쳐 캐쉬 구조를 제안하였다. 모바일 3D 그래픽 가속기는 동작모드에서 대규모 메모리 접근이 필요한 텍스쳐 매핑의 메모리 지연시간을 감소하고 대기모드에서 누설 전력소비를 줄이는 것이 매우 중요하다. 제안하는 텍스쳐 캐쉬 구조는 응용 프로그램의 텍스쳐 필터링 알고리즘에 따라서 가변적인 전력 모드 전환 기준으로 동작하여 누설전력을 줄이고 동작시간의 이득을 얻는다. 제안한 구조의 성능 검증을 위하여 트레이스 기반 텍스쳐 캐쉬 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 누설전력과 수행시간을 모두 고려한 성능 척도에서 이전 연구인 MSA 캐쉬보다 최대 7%의 성능 이득을 얻었다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 1996

This study was conducted to evaluate breakthrough characteristics of respirator cartridge using multi-organic vapors, including carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, and toluene. The organic vapors were used as single phase, binary system, and ternary system. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Organic vapors studied were 1,000 ppm, 750 ppm, 500 ppm and 250 ppm in single phase. Carbon tetrachloride having the highest molecular weight showed the breakthrough first, and breakthrough sequency by organic vapor was dependent on its molecular weight. The 10% breakthrough times at 1,000 ppm of organic vapor were 97 minutes for carbon tetrachloride, 129 minutes for trichloroethylene and 135 minutes for toluene. 2. When concentrations of organic vapors were at levels of the Threshold Limit Values, the lives of the respirator cartridges were 122 hours in carbon tetrachloride, 18 hours in trichloroethylene and 28 hours in toluene. 3. In the binary system at a total concentration of 1,000 ppm with carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethylene, breakthrough times ranged from 104 minutes to 125 minutes, which were longer than 97 minutes in a single phase (1,000 ppm) for carbon tetrachloride, but shorter than breakthrough times for TCE and Toluene. 4. Breakthrough times in the binary system with carbon tetrachloride and toluene were 131~132 minutes. 5. Breakthrough times in the ternary system with carbon tetrachloride, toluene, and trichloroethyl ene were $120{\pm}8$ minutes, which were longer than 97 minutes in the single phase (1,000 ppm) for carbon tetrachloride, equal to 129 minutes for trichloroethylene, and shorter than 135 minutes for toluene. Those were almost similar to $124{\pm}9$ minutes of breakthrough times in the binary systems.