• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2010

This study proposes a thesis of architectural concepts and visual dimension systems, and the comparison between steps of spatial formation and dimensional alteration. The second chapter, to form the basis of this study, explains the dimensional alterations and changes of fundamental notion of space. In the third chapter, history of space, architectural formations, and changes of the viewpoint are analyzed as objects of study. The forth chapter presents the interrelation between dimensional alteration and the transition in fundamental notion of space, demonstrating that modern architecture has been born from these cultural movements. Lastly, the fifth chapter suggests possibilities on further studies and the following conclusions: First, architectural spaces have been changed, in accordance with the changes of culture, art and the tools that regulate architectural design. Proportional regulations by two-dimensional tools and depth through three-dimensional drawings are created. Second, architectural spaces gained depth by recognizing movement and time that have induced formations to change, creating various aesthetic backgrounds and attempts. Third, the aesthetic background and cosmologic spatial concept have led the visualization and changes of architectural experience. It created the design tools and shapes originated in dynamism and vitality. Forth, diversification of fundamental spatial concepts has become palimpsest and complex, and been divided into four dimensions; expressional two-dimensional space, perspective three-dimensional space, forth-dimensional space of time and experience, and imagery space formed by body movement. Fifth, architecture has been influenced by the elevated viewpoint that understands the whole world as a space. It has evolved from the two-dimensional proportion principle, change of depth and vanishing point to multidimensional space of movement and time. Sixth, changes of fundamental notion of space have arisen from changes of visual dimensions in times. In other words, space has been developed from two-dimensional space to multidimensional space by accepting visual dimension, grasping distance, direction, depth, height, velocity, movement, gravity, power and structure.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the planning of adolescents preferred space, and fur the purpose of the study analyzed the spaces made by them in the web site where 3-dimension space manipulating is possible and captured their consciousness of space. The study was to interview 60 adolescents in the web-site by video chatting and observation by video ethnography. The results are as follows. 1) Three-dimension space is where adolescents express their present preference for spaces of residence, leisure and outer activities, and where they reveal their desire to be realized in the future. 2) Adolescents foster friendship in the cyberspace, where they meet friends and enjoy talking and share their desire for space creation which is hardly come true in reality. 3) It is possible to grasp their latent preference of space, and actualization of the cyber preference would give them more satisfaction.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2012

일반적으로 유클리드 최소신장트리는 2차원 평면상에 존재하는 입력노드들이 최소 비용으로 연결된 것이다. 그러나 생성된 유클리드 최소신장트리는 3차원의 현실세계에 적용할 경우 그 연결비용은 최소비용이 아닐 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 3차원 공간상에 존재하는 입력노드를 최단 길이로 연결하는 3차원 유클리드 최소신장트리를 제안한다. 100%의 공간비율의 3차원 공간상에 존재하는 30,000개의 입력 노드에 대한 실험에서, 본 논문에서 제안된 방법에 생성된 트리는, Prim의 2차원 최소신장트리 알고리즘에 의해 생성된 유클리드 최소신장트리에 비해, 2차원 평면에서만 고려했을 때 251.2%의 연결 비용의 증가를 보이지만 이것은 3차원 실세계에서는 의미가 없다. 본 논문에서 제안된 방법에 의해 생성된 트리는 3차원 공간에서는 90.0%의 비용의 절감율을 보인다. 이는 제안된 방법이 3차원적 연결에 관한 많은 현실적인 문제에 잘 적용될 수 있음을 나타낸다.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.373-391
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• 2007

We study an (n+3)($n\;{\geq}\;7-dimensional$ real submanifold of a (4m+3)-unit sphere $S^{4m+3}$ with Sasakian 3-structure induced from the canonical quaternionic $K\"{a}hler$ structure of quaternionic (m+1)-number space $Q^{m+1}$, and especially determine contact three CR-submanifolds with (p-1) contact three CR-dimension under the equality conditions given in (4.1), where p = 4m - n denotes the codimension of the submanifold. Also we provide necessary conditions concerning sectional curvature in order that a compact contact three CR-submanifold of (p-1) contact three CR-dimension in $S^{4m+3}$ is the model space $S^{4n_1+3}(r_1){\times}S^{4n_2+3}(r_2)$ for some portion $(n_1,\;n_2)$ of (n-3)/4 and some $r_1,\;r_2$ with $r^{2}_{1}+r^{2}_{2}=1$.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.489-496
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• 2010

본 논문은 3D 환경에서의 스웜시스템을 위한 자기조직화 방법을 제시한다. 스웜 시스템의 자기조직화를 위하여 인력과 척력을 이용하는 인공 포텐셜 함수(Artificial Potential Function, 이하 APF)를 사용하였다. 제안된 연구에서는 2D 환경에서 자기조직화를 위해 사용되어왔던 다양한 포텐셜들을 3D 환경에 맞게 확장 설계한다. 지면이나 수면 등의 경계면을 가지는 3D 환경의 특성을 고려하여 지면 포텐셜(Ground Potential)을 제안한다. 지면 포텐셜을 고려하지 않았을 때와 고려할 때의 비교 결과를 통해 지면 포텐셜의 필요성과 효과를 보여준다. 마지막으로, 다양한 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 3D 환경에서 확장된 인공포텐셜과 그 성질의 효율성을 보여준다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure of consumption emotions that consumers experienced in the process of consuming apparel products. Data was collected from 144 female college students living in Busan, and analyzed by salience, diversity, H-index, Clamor's V, and multi-dimensional scaling. The results showed as following; 1. The consumption emotions related to apparel products appeared three dimensions; ‘Relaxed-tense’ dimension, ‘Pleasant-unpleasant’ dimension, and ‘Outward-inward’ dimension. Considering elements of consumption system, the dimensions of consumption emotions in relation to apparel performances were 'Pleasant-unpleasant' and ‘Outward-inward’. The dimensions of consumption emotions experienced in usage situations were ‘Relaxed-tense’ and ‘pleasant-unpleasant’. The consumption emotions related to specific products were composed of ‘Pleasant-unpleasant’ dimension and ‘Outward-inward’ dimension. 2. As the multi-dimension map of this study has much space, it suggested that the scope of consumption emotions related to apparel products was more limited than those related to general situations and products. 3. The structure of consumption emotions in relation to apparel performances appeared to be bisected, while those related to usage situations showed relatively to be dispersed. 4. Although Pleasant-unpleasant dimension was consistent with results of prestudies, the dimensions of ‘Relaxed-tense’ and ‘Outward-inward’ were newly confirmed as the dimensions of consumption emotions related to apparel products. Therefore, consumer's consumption emotions of apparel products were composed of three dimensions, tended to be more limited than those of general consumption situations and products, and differentiated across apparel performances, usage situation, and specific products.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2011

This study aims to establish the concept about a new approaching method dor remodeling in the planning step. also, this study sets up the way how to approach in a dimensional way by classifying the conceptual composition of the target housing as a method. The dimensional definition is as below. The one dimensional approach: the spot. the two dimensional approach: the line, the three dimensional approach: the apatial mass, the four dimensional approach: space + time, the n dimensional (multi-dimensional) approach: the space + time + emotion. The research findings are as follows : For the purpose of remodeling, the old housing should be viewed in the three dimensional shape and space. It is defined as multi-dimensional module method to design the shape and space of the target housing in a multi-dimensional point, considering the three dimensional space composition, the emotion of the user, the housing itself. and the time of the user.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2012

As aging society progresses, it is necessary to establish a housing standard that provides a healthy, safe, and convenient environment for the elderly. The objective of the study is to propose a housing space standard that is geared towards elderly living in the urban area. Three steps were taken to attain the objective. First, characteristics of housing preference, spatial usage and furniture preference of the elderly were attained through a survey. The survey was conducted targeting the respondents of the ages 60 to 79 living in three different administrative districts in Seoul. Second, the required floor space to perform individual specific behavior using anthropometric dimension of the elderly was investigated by literature review. Lastly, floor space of each space is suggested combining each area for individual specific behavior which reflects characteristics of housing preference and spatial usage. The results of the research as follows. A bedroom was planned, which includes the function of receiving guests by giving the area for the placement of a sofa. The space for the use of dinning table for two person was planned in the kitchen and The space for the behavior of showering on a chair was planned in a bathroom. Lastly, the space for the behavior of taking off shoes on a chair was considered in the entrance area. Consequently, $35.4m^2$ is suggested as the necessary floor space for the elderly housing considering the characteristics of the elderly in urban area. However, because of space composition and space for accessibility, the additional space should be considered to plan the elderly housing.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.715-728
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• 2022

The aim of this article is to study the h-almost Ricci solitons and h-almost gradient Ricci solitons on generalized Sasakian-space-forms. First, we consider h-almost Ricci soliton with the potential vector field V as a contact vector field on generalized Sasakian-space-form of dimension greater than three. Next, we study h-almost gradient Ricci solitons on a three-dimensional quasi-Sasakian generalized Sasakian-space-form. In both the cases, several interesting results are obtained.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.163-181
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• 1998

The paper deals with some aspects of early childhood geometry in the Czech Republic. Children's first geometrical experiences come from real life. In our opinion, there exist four types of geometrical experience which can be called the partition of space, the filling of space motion in space and the dimension of space. We distinguish three levels of the mathematical learning process: a spontaneous level, an operational level and a theoretical level.