• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.154-162
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine if there are the differences in advertising effects among three fashion sexual advertisements in terms of sexual appeal levels(high/medium/low). Through three pre-tests, three stimuli were chosen for this study. Three hundred female college students in Seoul participated in this study. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, ANOVA analysis, and reliability test were used. The results were as follows: First, from the factor analysis on advertising attitudes, three factors such as emotional, behavioral, and cognitive factors were produced. Second, there were significant differences in three sexual appeal levels among three advertising attitude factors. Third, there was also a significant difference in three sexual appeal levels on brand attitude. Finally, there was not a significant difference in the sexual appeal levels on purchase intention. Based on these results, this study would provide significant and efficient fashion advertising strategies to fashion advertising marketers and advertisement creators as implications.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.107-111
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• 1996

Studies on the effects of protein levels on the total sulphur amino acid (TSAA) requirements of chickens were conducted on the starter broilers by feeding four levels of crude protein(16, 18, 20 and 23%) at three levels of TSAA (0.83, 0.93 and 1.03%) and on the grower broilers by feeding three levels of crude protein (16, 18 and 20%) at three levels of TSAA(0.72, 0.79 and 0.86%). The metabolisable energy of the diets was maintained constant at 3,200 kcal/kg and the experiments were carried out for two growing periods: starter (0-3 wk) and grower (3-6 wk). The results showed that there were significant differences in body weight gain, feed intake and feed:gain ratio under different protein levels of the starters. Crude protein, ME and TSAA intake were significantly affected by increasing the CP levels. The TSAA requirement of the starter broilers is recommended at 0.93% and it is not influenced by different protein levels used in the experiment. For the grower period, body weight gain and feed:gain ratio improved significantly at higher protein diets. Birds fed higher protein diet consumed greater quantities of protein. Responses to TSAA supplementation for body weight gain, feed intake and feed:gain ratio were not significant. The present results showed that the TSAA level of 0.79 to 0.86% was required for grower diets and that the protein levels of the diet did not influence the TSAA requirement.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.229-245
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• 2015

In this study, I investigated how pre-service teachers (PSTs) proved three geometric problems by using Geometer's SketchPad (GSP) software. Based on observations in class and results from a test of geometric reasoning, eight PSTs were sorted into four of the five van Hiele levels of geometric reasoning, which were then used to predict the PSTs' levels of reasoning on three tasks involving proofs using GSP. Findings suggested that the ways the PSTs justified their geometric reasoning across the three questions demonstrated their different uses of GSP depending on their van Hiele levels. These findings also led to the insight that the notion of "proof" had somewhat different meanings for students at different van Hiele levels of thought. Implications for the effective integration of technology into pre-service teacher education programs are discussed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular diseases is a major cause of death and is responsible for 23.8% of deaths in Korea. Clinical symptoms manifest in adulthood, but susceptibility begins in utero. Elevated homocysteine levels and adiposity might be linked to a greater risk in children as well as adults. We hypothesized that those who have simultaneous risk for folate and adiposity would be affected with elevated homocysteine levels at 3 years of age. SUBJECTS/METHODS: From the ongoing birth cohort at Ewha Womans University Mok-Dong Hospital, we compared adiposity parameters, serum homocysteine, and folate levels in 238 children (118 boys and 120 girls) at three years of age. The relationship between birth outcome, current weight and body mass index (BMI), postnatal growth, and homocysteine level were assessed using correlation and general linear model. Additionally, we assessed the combined effect between blood folate status and adiposity on current homocysteine levels. RESULTS: Birth characteristics were not correlated with homocysteine. Current weight, BMI, upper-arm circumference, skinfold thickness, waist circumference, and hip circumference were positively correlated with homocysteine at three years of age (P < 0.05). Folate level was negatively correlated with homocysteine at three years of age (P < 0.0001). A relative high anthropometric measure which is compatible with adiposity and low folate level was associated with high homocysteine levels. CONCLUSION: We found a combined effect of adiposity and folate levels with homocysteine levels at three years of age. This implicates the beneficial role of folate supplementation in the high-risk population at an early age.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1187-1193
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea catechin on lipid metabolism in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150$\pm$10gm were randomly assigned to one normal and three STZ-induced diabetic groups. Diabetic animals were fed catechin free diet(DM-0C group), 0.5% catechin diet(DM-0.5C group) and 1% catechin diet(DM-1C group). Diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous injection of 55mg/kg body wt of STZ in citrate buffer(pH 4.3) after feeding of three experimental diets for 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at the 6th day of diabetic states. Levels of blood glucose were three fold higher in all three STZ-induced diabetic groups than that of the normal group. The levels of plasma insulin were markedly lower in three STZ-induced diabetic groups than that of the normal group. The levels of plasma cortisol were increased in DM-0C group compared with that of the normal group. Triglyceride, total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in serum were increased in DM-0C groups compared with the normal group but were not significantly different between catechin diet groups and normal group. Serum HDL-cholesterol levels were reduced in DM-0C and DM-0.5C groups by 38% and 25%, respectively and had similar tendency in the DM-1C group compared with that of control group. Atherogenic index have shown same pattern as the result of total cholesterol. Activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Co enzyme A(HMG-CoA) reductase were higher in DM-0C groups than those of the normal group but were not significantly different between catechin diet groups and the normal group. It is concluded that dietary catechins can modulate lipid levels of serum and liver HMG-CoA reductase activity in diabetic rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.318-327
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the image perception of modern fashion according to erotic expressions ans erotic levels. The research methods werea quasi-experimental research. The experimental materials developed for the study were a set of stimuli and a responsse scale. The stimuli was consisted of 15 photographs according to erotic expressions and erotic levels. The reponse scale consisted of semantic differential scales. The subjects consisted of 254 male and 260 female undergraduate students of Chungnam National University by a convenient sampling method. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test and t-test. Result were as follows ; 1) The fashion image of erotic experessions and levels, were categorized into 3 images factors : sexy-potency, modesty, attractiveness. 2) The erotic expressions significantly affected on three image factors 3) The erotic levels showed significant differences in three image dimensions and stronger erotic levels pressented more sexy-potency, less models and attractive images. 4) The erotic expressions showed interaction effects with the erotic levels in three image dimensions. 5) Subject's gender had a significant difference on fashion image perception : male subjects perceived the fashion photographs more attractive than female subjects did.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2008

The altered amino acid (AA) levels as neurotransmitter closely correlate to neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Target profiling analysis of nineteen AAs in brain cortex samples from three Tg2576 mice as AD model and three littermate mice as control model was achieved as their N(O,S)-ethoxycarbonyl/tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives by gas chromatography. Subsequently, star pattern recognition analysis was performed on the brain AA levels of AD mice after normalization to the corresponding control median values. As compared to control mice, $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid among ten AAs found in brain samples was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) while leucine was significantly elevated (P < 0.02) in AD mice. The normalized AA levels of the three AD mice were transformed into distorted star patterns which was different from the decagonal shape of control median. The present method allowed visual discrimination of the three AD mice from the controls based on the ten normalized AA levels.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore how the student, who interiorized three levels of units, constructed fractions as multipliers by analyzing her ways of conceiving improper fractions with three levels of units and coordinating two three-levels-of-units structures. Among the data collected from our teaching experiment with two 4th grade students meeting 13 times for three months, we focus on how Seyeon, one of the participating students, wrote numerical expressions in the form of "× fraction" for the given situations using her splitting operation for composite units. Given the importance of splitting operation for composite units for the construction of fractions as multipliers, implications for further research are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.700-706
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• 2018

Objective : Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) is a minimally invasive procedure designed to treat various spinal pathologies. The maximum number of levels to be injected at one setting is still debatable. This study was done to evaluate the usefulness and safety of multilevel PV (more than three vertebrae) in management of osteoporotic fractures. Methods : This prospective study was carried out on consecutive 40 patients with osteoporotic fractures who had been operated for multilevel PV (more than three levels). There were 28 females and 12 males and their ages ranged from 60 to 85 years with mean age of 72.5 years. We had injected 194 vertebrae in those 40 patients (four levels in 16 patients, five levels in 14 patients, and six levels in 10 patients). Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for pain intensity measurement and plain X-ray films and computed tomography scan were used for radiological assessment. The mean follow-up period was 21.7 months (range, 12-40). Results : Asymptomatic bone cement leakage has occurred in 12 patients (30%) in the present study. Symptomatic pulmonary embolism was observed in one patient. Significant improvement of pain was recorded immediate postoperative in 36 patients (90%). Conclusion : Multilevel PV for the treatment of osteoporotic fractures is a safe and successful procedure that can significantly reduce pain and improve patient's condition without a significant morbidity. It is considered a cost effective procedure allowing a rapid restoration of patient mobility.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.305-305
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• 2022

In this study, 139 Korean landrace sorghum germplasms collected in 10 different Korean regions were analyzed for tannin, total phenolic contents(TPC), and antioxidant activities using three assays including ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP. The Korean landrace sorghums showed significant variations of metabolite contents and antioxidant activities by collection regions. Gyeonggi sorghum had the highest tannin and TPC contents with 273.73%, 7.395mgGAE/g, respectively. Therefore, three assays of antioxidant activities of Gyeonggi sorghum, which is highly related to tannin and TPC, were also significantly higher than others. However, Gyeongnam sorghums showed the lowest tannin and TPC with 148.34% and 3.482mgGAE/g, thus, three antioxidnat activities showed the lowest levels. Three accessions(IT322580, IT340261 and IT329053) had the highest tannin levels over 400%, but, two accessions (IT322613, IT270366) showed less than 1% of tannin content. Four accessions (IT270349, IT286448, IT331878, and IT251882) showed the highest level of TPC over 9mgGAE/g. In this study, antioxidant activities with three assays were strongly related to tannins and TPC, and TPC showed higher significance than tannin with all three antioxidant activities. The germplasms with the highest overall antioxidant activity were IT270349, IT340261, and IT286448, which had the highest levels of tannin and TPC. The principal component analysis presented that 2 sub-populations were divided. Gyeonggi and Gangwon Yeongseo sorghums, which had high metabolite contents and antioxidant activity levels, were mainly included in group 1. Gyeongnam and Jeonnam sorghums, which had low metabolite and antioxidant activity levels, were mainly included in group 2. This results could contribute to discover breeding metarials for the development of functional sorghum varieties.