• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1181-1190
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• 2005

After study about the shapes of Jung, Gi, Sin, Hyul-kwa advocated by Master Jisan, the conclusions are drawn as follows. It pursues the rules of universe being changed from formless to concrete objects that the Body Essence, Vital energy, Mentality, and Blood are materialized to Jung, GE, Sin, Hyul-kwa. It can be drawn an inference from the next three theories that Jisan considered Jung, Gi, Sin, Hyul-kwa as round, square, reverse triangle, and triangle or oval shape. First, it was taken to following the shapes of viscera. Namely Jung-kwa was taken as Kidney, Gi-kwa as Lung, Sin-kwa as Heart, Hyul-kwa as Liver. Second, it was adopted from five kinds of constitutions according to the five elements in [Yeongchu Yin and Yang twenty five shapes] that is Jung-kwa is purchased with Water-earth phases, Gi-kwa with metal phase Sin-kwa with fire phase, Hyul-kwa with Wood phase, Third, it is taken in order to eliminate contradictions. Hyul-kwa disliking to move is assumed to round shape to easily move. Gi-kwa tending to disperse is chosen to square in order to be unmoved. Sin-kwa declining to stagnate of seven emotions is pursued to reverse triangle to compose oneself. Hyul-kwa inclining to gather is preferred to acreage phase to harmonize ascending tendency. Among shapes which Jisan was divided Hado, Nakseo, Bokhee pal kwoe, Moonwang pal kwoe, Jung-kwa as round is Hado, Gi-kwa as square is Nakseo, Sin-kwa as reverse triangle is Bokhee pal kwoe order shape, Hyul-kwa as acreage phase or oval shape is accord with Moonwang pal kwoe order shape. The reason being classified into Jung, GE, Sin, Hyul-kwa from the shapes of the face is that the face is the place to reflect the whole conditions of the body connected with all of the viscera and meridian system such as semen of plants. Above contents are drawn an inference from the transcription of Jisan's lectures and his writings. And it is considered that insufficient parts of the Jisan's theory must be demonstrated continuously.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.89-107
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the perception of academic difficulties of middle school students and their influences variables in technology subject. The subjects of this study were middle school students in the whole country. A total of 420 students were selected considering the grade and area for the survey. The data were collected by mail and analyzed using SPSS 22.0K. The results of this study were as follows : First, The academic difficulties perceived by middle school students in the technology subject were recognized as normal. Second, Middle school students perceived it as a lack of experience (opportunity) in the technology domain as a cause of academic difficulties. Third, In the learning process, the female students were more difficult to understand the related terms and theories than the male students. In the problem solving activities, the female students were more difficult than the male students in identifying problems, designing solutions, selecting solutions, modeling, testing solutions, and correcting improvements. Fourth, the academic difficulty in learning technology lesson was difficult in terms of terminology, theory, and practice activities in the order of Second, Third, and 1st grade. Fifth, lack of understanding knowledge, confusion of contents knowledge, lack of technical interest, shortage of class hours, lack of understanding of evaluation criteria were all influenced by the difficulty of technical subject learning. Sixth, the academic difficulty influencing the problem solving process was explained by understanding comprehension, content knowledge confusion, technical interest, class time, understanding of evaluation criteria.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.820-844
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• 2014

Various innovation theories, such as innovation system, innovation cluster, triple helix model, are different in their focus. However they all emphasize the interaction between innovation actors in order to generate, diffuse, and appropriate technological innovations successfully. This study analyzes how the interaction of innovation actors in Daedeok Innopolis has been changed since the introduction of innovation cluster policy like the designation of Daedeok Innopolis. Based on the analysis of survey data, Innopolis statistics, and patent joint-application data, we come to the conclusions that the Daedeok Innopolis has characteristics of multi-level governance structure, in which innovation cluster, i.e. Daedeok Innopolis, regional innovation system, and national innovation system directly overlap under the framework of innovation system. In addition, from the perspectives of triple helix model, we are able to verify that the inter-domain interactions between innovation actors, such as tri-lateral network, have been constantly increased in the Daedeok Innopolis. Based on our analysis, we identify some policy suggestions in order to strengthen the competitiveness of the Daedeok Innopolis as well as other innovation clusters in Korea. First, the network activities between innovation actors within innovation cluster should be strengthened based on the geographical accessibility. Second, private intermediate organizations should be established and their roles should be extended. Third, the entrepreneurial activities of universities within innovation cluster should be strengthened. In other words, the roles of universities within the Innopolis should be activated. Finally, the government should provide relevant policy supports to activate the interactions between innovation actors within innovation cluster.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2017

Euibangyoochui (醫方類聚), the largest medical book in Korea, has medical and historical significance in that it had classified almost all East Asian medical accomplishments before Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910). Focusing on these values, this research investigates Yi'an (醫案), an East Asian tradition of describing clinical encounters and the therapies employed, in Euibangyoochui. By this investigation, this study expected to not only establish how the genre of Yi'an is employed for what purpose in Euibangyoochui, but also to shed a light on the appearance of Yi'an before Joseon Dynasty. At first, this study extracted Yi'an from Euibangyoochui (醫方類聚), as Yi'an does not have a standardized format. In total, the number of extracted Yi'ans is 1,025 with handwork results. Extracted Yi'ans are analyzed statically, in order to find dispersion of Yi'ans for each chapter and its references. Overall, there are 73 chapters of Euibangyoochui, which has a total of 93 chapters, containing Yi'an, while the chapter on gynecology contains the highest number of Yi'ans, 86. Judged from these result, the genre of Yi'an was used diversely and frequently, indicating various messages in Euibangyoochui. To categorize the usage and purpose of writing of Yi'ans in Euibangyoochui, this study considers some examples of Yi'ans and concludes that 3 types of Yi'ans are employed in Euibangyoochui in order to deliver the adequate medical message. One is result-centered Yi'an delivering a broader medical lesson, such as a taboo in treatment or a doctrine in medicine. The second is the concise-styled Yi'an presenting a short effective medical method. The third is multiple-information Yi'an that describes complex information of patients and medical theories, transmitting diverse lessons. Yi'ans in Euibangyoochui refer to 58 medical books. Books written by JangJaHwa (張子和; 1156-1228) are the most cited books, offering almost a quarter of total amount of Yi'ans in Euibangyoochui. This study is meaningful in that it provides basic information, such as numbers, applications, purpose of writing and references of Yi'an in Euibangyoochui. Moreover considering the historic values of Euibangyoochui, this information reflects, on the other hands, overall figures of Yi'an written before publication of Euibangyoochui.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.28-44
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• 1998

This study was conducted to suggest the ecological restoration strategies for the disturbed landscapes by theoretical study. Especially, it is aimed to suggest three objectives for restoration by using native plants ; (1) prevention or reduction of wind and water erosion, (2) provision of food and cover for variety of animal species, (3) improvement of the visual or aesthetic quality of disturbed sites. The main results were summarized as follows. 1. Cooperation between restoration ecologists and restoration practitioners is needed to delineate a scientific approach to restoration ; (1) Being aware of published literature that describes similar work and/or establish general principles. (2) Preparedness to carry out proper experiments to test ideas. (3) Preparedness to monitor fundamental parameters in a restoration scheme. (4) Providing information about the behavior of species. (5) Publish results. 2. There are three models of succession in theories of plant succession. The tolerance and facilitation models were recommended to ecological restoration. The inhibition model applies in most secondary succession, but the actual species which are introduced first may inhibit the germination and growth of slower-growing species, or they may prevent the growth of other species whose propagules arrive later. 3. The objectives of erosion control, wildlife habitat provision, and visual quality improvement are not mutually exclusive. However, many revegetation practices in the past have emphasized one of these aspects at the expense of the others. 4. A native plant community can be the model of ecological restoration. By stylization/abstraction of native plant community, trying to learn the most essential characteristics of community types - environmental factors ; dominant, prevalent, and "visual essence" species composition - in order to use such information in restoration. 5. After developing mass/spaces plan, match plant communities to the mass/space plan. In utilizing community grouping, there needs aesthetic ability to understand design elements. 6. Several hydrophytes such as Pennisetum saccharifluous, Themeda triandra, Cirsium pendulum show relatively good germination rates. In case of mesophytes and xerophytes, Arundinella hina, Artemisia princeps, Oenothera odorata and legumes seem to have quick-germinating abilities at barren sites. Pinus thunbergii, Rhus chinensis, Evodia daniellii, Alnus firma and Albizzia julibrissin can be considered as "late succession" woody plants because they show low germinating rates and slow growing habitat. 7. The seeds used for restoration should be collected within a certain radius of where it will be planted. Consideration in genetic issues in the collection and use of germplasm can increase the odds for successful restoration efforts. 8. The useful model in the "drift" pattern occurs so abundantly in naturally evolving landscapes. As one species diminishes in density, a second or third species are increased. Thus, dynamic interactions between species are created. Careful using of "drift phenomenon" in planting was recommended. 9. Virtually no stand of vegetation today is immune from the introduction and/or spreading of exotic species. Therefore, the perpetuation of a restored sites requires conscious monitoring and management. Thus, management would be the most important process in ecological restoration. 10. In order to keep the sites "natural", alternative management strategies would be applied in management ; Atenative management strategies are decelerating successional process, accelerating successional processes or modifying species composition. As management tools, mechanical, chemical, biological or environmental factor manipulation, e.g., fire could be used.

• Journal of the International Relations & Interdisciplinary Education
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.81-95
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• 2022

The core of this study is to develop an edutech utilization program to be applied to 5th grade students by utilizing school curriculum time, and the conclusions based on the results of the study are as follows. First, for the development of future educational programs using edutech, a content preference survey was conducted and significant responses were confirmed from 27 teachers and 216 students, excluding missing values. In the future education implementation, UCC (video shooting, editing, etc.) and work activities (3D pen, 3D printer, etc.) were selected based on the need for separate edtech devices. Second, in order to develop a future education program using edutech, the future education class module was set in 4 stages based on previous research. First of all, in Make a foundation, theories by subject are developed, and in Open an activity, future education experience activities using key edutech are developed. In Organize evaluation, individual self-evaluation was conducted, and based on this, customized in-depth supplementary activities were conducted in Act individually. Third, in order for future education programs using edutech to be organized in the regular curriculum, sufficient connectivity with the curriculum must be secured. The basis for systematic and stable research was prepared by analyzing the curriculum of the 5th grade subject of the study and securing hours in connection with creative experiential activities. The data developed through this process were modified and supplemented based on the content validity test. The fact that the program application and verification steps were not performed is a limitation of this study, but it is expected that this program will expand the possibility of future education practice in the school field.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.66
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• pp.229-265
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• 2020

This study examined the necessity of establishing a family archive as a means for the recovery of the family community and the direction for establishing the family archive as a social culture. With the lack of research on family archives worldwide, this study analyzed family archives focusing on three areas. The first is a review on the necessity of family archives. To this end first, studies in the fields of sociology and family studies were analyzed to understand the situation in which the crisis of the family community intensified in the recent social environment, and based on this analysis, the necessity of establishing a family archive using records in Korean society was suggested. The second is case studies of National Archives of advanced countries for social expansion of family archives. In the case of advanced countries in Western, family archives are closely related to family history or genealogy research, and more than half of visitors to archives are occupied by family history or genealogy researchers. This is because National Archives of Western countries provide a variety of services for building family archives. The third is an analysis of the meaning and characteristics of family archives. This is because in order for the family archive to become a pan-social recording culture, it is necessary to establish the values and roles of the family archive along with its own meaning and characteristics different from the existing public records. Accordingly, the aim was to establish the concept and goal of the family archive, and to explore the functions and values of the family archive in comparison with the existing theories of archives. As a result of the analysis focusing on these three areas, the family archive needs to focus on 'culture', not 'institution', and 'utilization' rather than 'management'. Theories and methodologies of archival science have been developed with an emphasis on systematically managing and preserving a vast amount of records like public records, and based on highly specialized knowledge, records management has been established as an institution. However, in order to spread the family archive socially, it must be established as a culture or lifestyle that can be practiced by all ordinary citizens in the process of daily life. Prior to the management and preservation of professional records, all members of the family must understand the meaning contained in the records. It is necessary to prioritize use so that they can be shared.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.13
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• pp.869-895
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• 2000

The US supports the Information and Communication (IC) industry as a strategic one to wield a complete power over the World Market. However, several other countries are also eager to have the support for the IC industry because the industry produces a high added value and has a significant effect on other industries. Korea is not an exception. Korea recently succeeded in the commercialization of CDMA for the first time in the world, after the successful development of TDX. Hence, it is highly likely to get tracked by the US. Although the IC industry is a specific sector of IT, there is a concern that there might be a trade friction between the US and Korea due to a possible competition. It will be very important to prepare a solution in advance so that Korea could prevent the friction and at the same time increase its share domestically and globally. It will be our important task to solve the problem with the minimum cost if the conflict arises unfortunately in the IT area. The parties that have a strong influence on the US trade policy are the think tank group and the IT-related interest group. Therefore, it would be important to have a close relationship with them. We found some implications by analyzing the case of Japan, which has experienced trade frictions with the US over the long period of time in the high tech industry. In order to get rid of those conflicts with the US, the Japanese did the following things : (1) The Japanese government developed supporting theories and also resorted to international support so that the world could support the Japanese theories. (2) Through continual dialogue with the US business people, the Japanese business people sought after solutions to share profits among the Japanese and the US both in the domestic and in the worldwide markets. They focused on lobbying activities to influence the US public opinion to support the Japanese. The specific implementation plan was first to open culture lobby toward opinion leaders who were leaders about the US opinion. The institution, Japan Society, were formed to deliver a high quality lobbying activities. The second plan is economic lobby. They have established Japanese Economic Institute at Washington. They provide information about Japan regularly or irregularly to the US government, research institution, universities, etc., that are interested in Japan. The main objective behind these activities though is to advertise the validity of Japanese policy. Japanese top executives, practical interest groups on international trade, are trying to justify their position by direct contact with the US policy makers. The third one is political lobby. Japan is very careful about this political lobby. It is doing its best not to give impression that Japan is trying to shape the US policy making. It is collecting a vast amount of information to make a correct judgment on situation. It is not tilted toward one political party or the other, and is rather developing a long-term network of people who understand and support the Japanese policy. The following implications were drawn from the experience of Japan. First, the Korean government should develop a long-term plan and execute it to improve the Korean image perceived by American people. Second, the Korean government should begin public relation activities toward the US elite group. It is inevitable to make an effort to advertise Korea to this elite group because this group leads public opinion in the USA. Third, the Korean government needs the development of a relevant policy to elevate the positive atmosphere for advertising toward the US. For example, we need information about to whom and how to about lobbying activities, personnel network who immediately respond to wrong articles about Korea in the US press, and lastly the most recent data bank of Korean support group inside the USA. Fourth, the Korean government should create an atmosphere to facilitate the advertising toward the US. Examples include provision of incentives in tax on the expenses for the advertising toward the US and provision of rewards to those who significantly contribute to the advertising activities. Fifth, the Korean government should perform the role of a bridge between Korean and the US business people. Sixth, the government should promptly analyze the policy of IT industry, a strategic area, and timely distribute information to industries in Korea. Since the Korean government is the only institution that has formal contact with the US government, it is highly likely to provide information of a high quality. The followings are some implications for business institutions. First, Korean business organization should carefully analyze and observe the business policy and managerial conditions of US companies. It is very important to do so because all the trade frictions arise at the business level. Second, it is also very important that the top management of Korean firms contact the opinion leaders of the US. Third, it is critically needed that Korean business people sent to the USA do their part for PR activities. Fourth, it is very important to advertise to American employees in Korean companies. If we cannot convince our American employees, it would be a lot harder to convince regular American. Therefore, it is very important to make the American employees the support group for Korean ways. Fifth, it should try to get much information as early as possible about the US firms policy in the IT area. It should give an enormous effort on early collection of information because by doing so it has more time to respond. Sixth, it should research on the PR cases of foreign enterprise or non-American companies inside the USA. The research needs to identify the success factors and the failure factors. Finally, the business firm will get more valuable information if it analyzes and responds to, according to each medium.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.10
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• pp.450-493
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• 1997

Three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽) is the change state of yum-yang(陰陽) which is caused by six gi(六氣). They mean the flow of six gi(六氣) which exist throughout the viscera, the channel(經絡), and the skin. But it is not easy to understand the meaning because the contents of the attribute of three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽), the bolt-leaf-hanges(關闔樞) theory and large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) which is the main clue that explain it in ${\ll}$Somun(素問)${\gg}$ and ${\ll}$Yeongchu(靈樞)${\gg}$ don't coincide with each other. I, the writer, tried to understand the uncertain meaning and the contents which are written about three points above differently in each of the books that are ${\ll}$Somun(素問)${\gg}$ and ${\ll}$Yeongchu(靈樞)${\gg}$. So, from that the course that the book, ${\ll}$Huangjenegeong(黃帝內經)${\gg}$ is handed down is so relatively simple in a wood block-printed book, that the ${\ll}$Huangjenegeongtaeso(黃帝內經太素)${\gg}$ has less wong-words than the Somun(素問) and the Yeongchu(靈樞), and from that Yangshangsun(楊上善) wrote the note in the ${\ll}$Huangjenegeongtaeso(黃帝內經太素)${\gg}$ by royal order about 100 years former than Wangbing(王氷), as making projects of Yangshangsun(楊上善)'s note and the original of the ${\ll}$Huangjenegeongtaeso(黃帝內經太素)${\gg}$ which has relation to the yum-yang(陰陽) attribute of three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽), the bolt-leaf-hanges(關闔樞) theory, and the large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) and researching the Yangshangsun(楊上善)'s theory. The result is summarized like this. First, wherease the order of the change of three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽) which is explained by Yangshangsun(楊上善) consider the change of yangi(陽氣) in body most important, the order of the change gaeggi(客氣)'s three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽) considers chungi(天氣) most important, and the order of jugi(主氣)'s three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽) considers jigi(地氣)'s change of ohaeng(五行) most important. If the order of change three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽) in the ${\ll}$Huangjenegeongtaeso(黃帝內經太素)${\gg}$ is considered, each of taeyang(太陽) and soyum(少陰) are expressed as the base of yum-yang(陰陽) and yangmeong(陽明) and taeyum(太陰) are expressed as the palmy days of yum-yang(陰陽), soyang(少陽) and gyolyum(厥陰) are expressed as pacemaker(樞杻) which controls the change of yum-yang(陰陽). Thus, each has something in common that is fettered by the inside and outside. In the flow of channel(經絡), taeyang(太陽) and soyum(少陰) take charge of the behind of body, yangmeong(陽明) and taeyum(太陰) take charge of the front of body and soyang(少陽) and gyolyum(厥陰) take of the side of body. Second, in Yangshangsun(楊上善)'s bolt-leaf-hanges(關闔樞) theory, three-yum(三陰) is regarded as inside, three-yang(三陽) as outside, so when bolt, leaf and hanges fulfil their duties in inside and outside, the life(life force) is thought to be revealed normally. It is impossible to understand the bolt-leaf-hanges with the conception of the inside and outside which divide three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽) into taeyang-soyum(太陽-少陰), yangmeong-taeyum(陽明-太陰), soyang-gyolyum(少陽-厥陰) according to yum-yang(陰陽) attribute, hence it need the special conception that is taeyang(太陽)-taeyum(太陰), yangmeong(陽明)-gyolyum(厥陰), soyang(少陽)-soyum(少陰) which center on their duties in inside and outside. In the denunciation of the word open(開) and bolt(關), because Yangshangsun(楊上善) said that the duities of taeyang(太陽) and taeyum(太陰) are shutter(閉禁), bolt(關) is coincided with that significance. Third, with explaining the large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) of three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽), Yangshangsun(楊上善) expressed the inside and outside either in the same way or differently. Because the inside and outside is interior of body and exterior of body, it is the explanation that is noticed by the fact that the property of large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) is either able to be same or different. In this viewpoint, if we unite the contents about large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) of ${\ll}$Somun(素問)${\gg}$, ${\ll}$Yeongchu(靈樞)${\gg}$, we will find that the descriptions of large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) of three-yang(三陽) in ${\ll}$Somun(素問)${\gg}$ ${\ll}$Yeongchu(靈樞)${\gg}$ correspond with the ${\ll}$Huangjenegeongtaeso(黃帝內經太素)${\gg}$, but in three-yum(三陰), the contrary presentations exit. The reason is that large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) of three-yum(三陰) isn't only expressed as che(體) in the point of che-yong(體用), but as a point of yong(用) that is a phenomenon. As researching the original of ${\ll}$Huangjenegeongtaeso(黃帝內經太素)${\gg}$ and Yangshangsun(楊上善)'s notes as a center about three problems that are yum-yang(陰陽) attribute, the bolt-leaf-hanges(關闔樞) and large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) of three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽), I, the writer, tried to explain the part which is written differently or has uncertain conception in the book ${\ll}$Somun(素問)${\gg}$ and the book ${\ll}$Yeongchu(靈樞)${\gg}$, but the concrete result of the work like this will be judged according to the question how many theories are correspondent with real presence at a sickbed. Hence, the work to veryfy the theories in the future will be left as assignment.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.507-518
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• 2016

In this paper, in order to offer the opportunity to indirectly experience STEAM education and the profession of a quantum computer professional, one of computer experts as a promising occupation of the future, its correlation to the national curriculum was analyzed. STEAM educational program in this paper was developed through which the third or fourth graders in elementary schools can learn about a quantum computer expert and think about it in relevance to their future careers. Yet, it's almost impossible for the students to understand the basic theories of quantum computer based on quantum mechanics, one of most difficult areas of physics. Accordingly, in this proposed textbook, gamification mechanism was applied to arouse students' interest. Moreover, the textbook was developed and applied to the field directly in the way that students would be able to indirectly experience quantum spin, one of most basic principles of quantum computer, quantum cryptography related to quantum computer, incomplete quantum computer and etc. The STEAM educational program for future careers offered in this research is expected to create positive effects for students to explore careers relevant to IT, and to develop related qualities.