• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.505-511
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• 2011

Purpose: This study evaluated correlation and risk factors between position of the mandibular third molars and mandibular angle fractures using clinical and radiographic findings. Methods: Medical records and panoramic radiographs of 188 patients with mandibular fractures were retrospectively reviewed. The presence and position of the third molars were assessed for each patient and were related to the occurrence of mandibular angle fractures. Results: The incidence of mandibular angle fracture was found to be greater when a lower third molar was present, particularly at the occlusal plane positioned on the $2^{nd}$ molar occlusal surface (by Archer system) and the third molar is impacted in mandibular ramus (by Pell & Gregory system). Of the 192 sites with a lower third molar, 32 (16%) had an angle fracture. Of the 184 site without lower third molars, 16 (8%) had an angle fracture. Conclusion: This study confirmed an increased risk of angle fractures in the presence of a lower third molar as well as variable risk for angle fracture, depending on positioning of the third molar.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.3-12
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• 2017

As the quality of life has improved today, there is a growing desire among consumers for new space and interest in spending their valuable time in 'the third space' has tended to increase. Cafes have been integrated with sales and exhibition space as the representative third space. For example, it's cafe type automobile exhibition centers. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of 'the third space' in cafe type automobile exhibition centers and suggest a plan for effective spatial characteristics. It checked the necessity of the third space' in automobile exhibition centers by analyzing automobile consumption trends of the 21st century according to industry change and restructures a checklist by grasping cafe type automobile exhibition centers and the concept and characteristics of 'the third space' based on the precedent studies. A questionnaire is made through the checklist drawn and a survey is conducted targeting users of the target areas of cases. The target areas of cases are 4 cafe type automobile exhibition centers opened in Korea since 2014. The analytical results of the target areas of cases that reflected the characteristics of 'the third space' are as follow: First, cafe type automobile exhibition centers must be built to make customers enter the space and at the same time, receive information on automobiles and space naturally. Second, in order to increase satisfaction with the space and brands, there is the necessity to arouse their interest through various experiences including test driving cars directly. Third, revisit intention can be found to be more influenced by spatial design than brand satisfaction. Fourth, partitions or interior for dividing the space need to be improved. In the next studies, specific research on plans about creating design to improve corporate image and brands and induce customers to revisit cafe type automobile exhibition centers by applying the characteristics of 'the third place' to them is required.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.12a
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• pp.285-298
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• 2006

The third party logistics(3PL) is given a definition as logistics activaties providing a comprehensive logistics services, all or partly outsourced by the customer on longer term contract basis, ranging from making logistics strategies to implementing information technology services. The growth of the Third Party Logistics (TPL) business has caused many firms from different industries to enter the field. In this study, it is presented to describe a defintion and development precess of the third party logistics and shown to present strategic issues comparing to third party in foreign and domestic area. and apply some issues of importance when managing the continued TPL business strategy in domestic area.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 1985

This study was undertaken to obtain the data for age determination following the calcification degree of the third molar in the point of forensic odontology. The orthopantomograms of 1399 male and 2517 female ranging from 7 to 22 years of age were studied. The developmental state of the third molar was divided into 12 stages following the calcification degree and the mean ages of stage was obtained and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows : 1. There was remarkable correlation between the development of the third molar and age. 2. There was no significant developmental difference between the right and left third molar. 3. The development of the third molar presents difference between the male and female in the crown formation stages, but it was retarded in female than male in the root formation stages. 4. At the age under 20 years, we can determine the age within the range of * 2 years by means of orthopantomogram.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.224-227
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• 2007

Chordoid glioma is a rare primary brain tumor of the third ventricle, and was recently characterized as a novel tumor entity. Typical radiological features of chordoid gliomas include; a solid, round-to-ovoid, well-circumscribed, contrast-enhancing mass of the hypothalamus and anterior third ventricle. Despite being classified as WHO grade 2, the third ventricular chordoid glioma has been reported to have a poor clinical outcome because of its anatomical location. The authors report a case of chordoid glioma of the third ventricle in a 48-year-old man with unusual radiological features of cystic component and ill defined circumscription.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.83.1-83.1
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• 2014

Kepler-47 is the first multi-body circumbinary planetary system detected by the Kepler space telescope. The two planets were detected by the transit method. In the discovery paper the authors report about the presence of an additional transit-like signal in their dataset which cannot be explained by a four-body (binary + 2 planets) system. Therefore it is likely that the unexplained signal could be due to a third planet. In this talk I will present recent results from a dynamical investigation of the five-body system (binary + 3 planets). We have applied the MEGNO technique to detect regions of quasi- or near quasi-periodic orbits of a hypothetical third planet. Quasi-periodic regions exists for a third planet and the long-term stability has been tested. Although the existence of a third planet is most likely to be confirmed from transit photometry we calculate transit-timing variation (TTV) signals due to the third planet which also can be used to infer its presence.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.213-233
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• 2007

The third party logistics(3PL) is given a definition as logistics activities providing a comprehensive logistics services, all or partly outsourced by the customer on long-term contract basis, ranging from making logistics strategies to implement information technology services. The growth of the Third Party Logistics (TPL) business has been caused many firms to penetrate into the field from different industries. In this study, it is presented to describe a definition and development process of the third party logistics and shown to present strategic issues comparing to third party logistics in foreign and domestic area. and apply to some issues of importance when managing the continued TPL business strategy in domestic area.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.905-910
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• 2003

In this paper, we develop real-time monitoring system to detect third-party damage on natural gas pipeline by using sound propagation model. Since many third-party incidents cause damage that does not lead to immediate rupture but can grow with time, the developed real-time monitoring system can execute a significant role in reducing many third-party damage incidents. The developed system is composed of three steps as follows: i) DSP based system, ii) wireless communication system, iii) the calculation and monitoring software to detect the position of third-party damage using the propagation speed of acoustic wave. Furthermore, the developed system was set at practical offshore pipeline between two islands in Korea and it has been operating in real time.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.243-253
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• 2018

The construction of rapid developing super high-rise buildings constantly faces great challenges and the innovation of construction equipment is a focus of these challenges. In this paper, three new inventions including the operation platform, tower crane and hoist are put forward around two of the most important issues of super high-rise building construction: vertical transportation and operation environment. Study background, composition of the equipment, working principles and key technologies are introduced in sequence. In the end, the paper summarizes the main problems in the further development of construction equipment.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2003

Abrasion in fretting wear mechanism is studied experimentally with the specimens of two different shapes of spacer grid spring and fuel tubes of a nuclear fuel. Reciprocating sliding wear test has been carried out in the environment of air and water at room temperature. Especially, third body abrasion is referred to for explaining the wear region expansion found during the slip displacement increase with constant normal contact farce. It is found that the expansion behaviour depends on the contact shape. The small clearance between the tube and spring seems to be the preferable region of the wear particle accumulation, which causes third body abrasion of the non-contact area. Even in water environment the third body abrasion occurs apparently. Since the abrasion on the clearance contributes wear volume, the influence of the contact shape on the severity of third body abrasion should be considered to improve the grid spring design in the point of restraining wear damage of a nuclear fuel.