• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2003

Cyanides and hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) are major chemical asphyxiants. They have common mechanism of action which inhibit cellular respiration and induce histotoxic hypoxia. They do not generate ATP, and all processes dependent on ATP are stopped. No extraction of $O_2$ from blood decreases AV $O_2$ differences, and the shift to anaerobic glycolysis brings about lactic acidosis with high anion gap. The mainstay of the treatment is rapid treatment with appropriate use of antidotes. However, there are several differences between cyanides and $H_2S$. First, $H_2S$ is not metabolized by enzymes such as thiosulfate. Thus thiosulfate does not play any role in treatment of $H_2S$. Second, $H_2S$ is a more potent inhibitor of cytochrome aa3 than cyanide. Third, $H_2S$ induces more divergent neurologic sequele than cyanide. Finally, $H_2S$ is not absorbed via skin.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.206-214
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• 2017

SnS films have been prepared by electrodeposition technique onto Cu and ITO substrates using acidic solutions containing tin chloride and sodium thiosulfate with sodium citrate as an additive. The effects of sodium citrate on the electrochemical behavior of electrolyte bath containing tin chloride and sodium thiosulfate were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. Deposited films were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, optical, photoelectrochemical, and electrical measurements. XRD data showed that deposited SnS with sodium citrate on both substrates were polycrystalline with orthorhombic structures and preferential orientations along (111) directions. However, SnS films with sodium citrate on Cu substrate exhibited a good crystalline structure if compared with that deposited on ITO substrates. FTIR results confirmed the presence of SnS films at peaks 1384 and $560cm^{-1}$. SEM images revealed that SnS with sodium citrate on Cu substrate are well covered with a smooth and uniform surface morphology than deposited on ITO substrate. The direct band gap of the films is about 1.3 eV. p-type semiconductor conduction of SnS was confirmed by photoelectrochemical and Hall Effect measurements. Electrical properties of SnS films showed a low electrical resistivity of $30{\Omega}cm$, carrier concentration of $2.6{\times}10^{15}cm^{-3}$ and mobility of $80cm^2V^{-1}s^{-1}$.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.2-9
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• 1999

A study was made on enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in T. concretivorus grown with and without glucose. The present results show that T. concretivorus possesses high activities of pentose shunt pathway and related enzymes, glucokinase, G-6-P dehydrogenase, 6-PG dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucoisomerase, but low activities of enzymes unique to EMP(fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase). Although the synthesis of the latter enzymes remains largely unaffected by the growth enviroment, that of the former is stimulated by glucose. And the failure to detect ED pathway enzymes in cells grown in thiosulate or thiosulfate-glucose medium eliminates the ED pathway as a significant route of glucose catabolism in T.concretivorus. These results suggest that pentose shunt pathway performs an energetic role in glucose metabolism by T.concretivorus with EMP as a subway. The absence of ED pathway and the presence of pentose shunt pathway which is the major route of catabolism in T.concretivorus are similar to those of other obligately chemolitho-trophic thiobacilli. The G-6-P and 6-PG dehydrogenase are both NAD and NADP specific, but MAD predominant. However, the 3-PGAL dehydrogenase is only NAD specific. Since the specific activity of 3-PGAL generated from glucose is converted mainly into pyruvate which is channeled into the TCA cycle. All enzymes of the TCA cycle tested and NADH oxidase are detected in the cells of T.concretivorus grown in thiosulfate. The specific activities of fumarase and isocitrate dehydrogenase are high and others are low. The presence of two isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD-and NADP-linked) may have important regulatory function for this organism. The activity of NAD-oxidase, which is implicated in the energy generating metabolism, was very high in the crude cell-free extract of T.concretivorus, recording 55.11 m.mu. mole/min/mg protein. This well coincides with the fact that activities of NAD-linked G-6-P dehydrogenase, 6-PG dehydrogenase and 3-PGAL dehydrogenase were high.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 1973

A study was made on enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in T. concretivorus grown with and without glucose. The present results show that T. concretivorus possesses high activities of pentose shunt pathway and related enzymes, glucokinase, G-6-P dehydrogenase, 6-PG dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucoisomerase, but low activities of enzymes unique to EMP(fructose-1, 6-diphosphate aldolase). Although the synthesis of the latter enzymes remains largely unaffected by the growth enviroment, that of the former is stimulated by glucose. And the failure to detect ED pathway enzymes in cells grown in thiosulate or thiosulfate-glucose medium eliminates the ED pathway as a significant route of glucose catabolism in T.concretivorus. These results suggest that pentose shunt pathway performs an energetic role in glucose metabolism by T.concretivorus with EMP as a subway. The absence of ED pathway and the presence of pentose shunt pathway which is the major route of catabolism in T.concretivorus are similar to those of other obligately chemolitho-trophic thiobacilli. The G-6-P and 6-PG dehydrogenase are both NAD and NADP specific, but MAD predominant. However, the 3-PGAL dehydrogenase is only NAD specific. Since the specific activity of 3-PGAL generated from glucose is converted mainly into pyruvate which is channeled into the TCA cycle. All enzymes of the TCA cycle tested and NADH oxidase are detected in the cells of T.concretivorus grown in thiosulfate. The specific activities of fumarase and isocitrate dehydrogenase are high and others are low. The presence of two isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD-and NADP-linked) may have important regulatory function for this organism. The activity of NAD-oxidase, which is implicated in the energy generating metabolism, was very high in the crude cell-free extract of T.concretivorus, recording 55.11 m$\mu$ mole/min/mg protein. This well coincides with the fact that activities of NAD-linked G-6-P dehydrogenase, 6-PG dehydrogenase and 3-PGAL dehydrogenase were high.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.110-117
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• 2016

In the existing research, the ammonia aqueous solution was used in order to remove the Nitrogen dioxide using the scrubber. However, ammonia is poisonous and stench is extreme. So, the system application follows the difficulty. Experiments were conducted to find a substitute material ammonia. The sodium hydroxide(NaOH), sodium thiosulfate ($Na_2S_2O_3$), and urea were used with the substitute substance. The experimental condition proceeded as the optimum conditions in the existing ammonia use. The experimental result NaOH and $Na_2S_2O_3$ was available. NaOH showed the efficiency which is the highest in 2.5%. And $Na_2S_2O_3$ showed the efficiency which is the highest in 5.0%. The efficiency was not fixed and the urea was inappropriate with the substitute substance.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.3-7
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• 2020

Recently, the gold leaching technologies draw much interest to recover gold from low grade ores. Current leaching processes mostly use cyanide as the leaching agent, due to its high leaching efficiencies and cost-effectiveness. However, use of cyanide is severely problematic, because of toxicity and thereby environmental risks, and requires strict regulations and environmental management. Especially, this issue becomes further apparent when cyanide should be applied for dump or heap leaching for low cost gold recovery along with recent trends. To resolve this issue, the alternative leaching processes using thiosulfate or halogen compounds, instead of cyanide, have been studied and developed but there have been lots of difficulties toward commercialization, and therefore further research should be conducted. The commercialization of dump or heap bioleaching technologies should be urgently required for effective direct biogenic gold recovery from low grade ores or tailings without use of cyanide.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.180-187
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• 2005

Nine chemolithoautotrophic and 12 chemolithoheterotrophic sulfur oxidizing bacteria were isolated using enrichment technique in modified Starkey's medium. All isolates reduced pH of the growth medium through oxidation of elementai sulfur to sulfuric acid. Isolates utilized the thiosulfate as energy source except LCH. None of the isolates grew anaerobically and utilization of glucose was found only in chemolithoheterotrophic isolates SGA6 and JIG. In vitro sulfate production from elemental sulfur was found maximum for chemoiithoautotroph LCH ($43.2mg\;100\;mL^{-1}$) and least for chemolithoheterotroph JIG ($10.04mg\;100\;mL^{-1}$). The above tests suggested that all isolates belong to the member of Thiobacillus. For field inoculation of Thiobacillus, clay based pellet formulation was developed with the cell load of $2.5{\times}10^7cfu\;g^{-1}$ of pellet. It is easy to handle by the farmers and more likely to lead to successful farming.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.123-128
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• 2006

An epizootic causing mortality among cultured marine finfishes occurred in 1999 in the province of Kyoungsang, Korea. The disease was characterized by the presence of enterocele, abdominal swelling, and gastroenteritis. The causative bacteria were isolated from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and the rearing water. These bacteria showed swarming activity on agar plates and yellowish or greenish colonies on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar plates, but no luminescence. The pathogen was identified as Vibrio harveyi based on morphological and biochemical characteristics and the sequence of l6S rDNA. The lethal doses (LD$_{50}$) of olive flounder and black rockfish were estimated to be $1.24\times10^6-1.36\times10^8$ and $3.24\times10^5-5.8\times10^7$ CFU/fish respectively following intraperitoneal injection.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.489-493
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• 2003

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole was used as a highly selective and efficient carrier for the uphill transport of silver ion through a chloroform bulk liquid membrane. In the presence of thiosulfate ion as a suitable metal ion acceptor in the receiving phase, the amount of silver transported across the liquid membrane after 180 min was 90 ± 3.0%. The selectivity and efficiency of silver ion transported from aqueous solutions containing equimolar mixtures of $Zn^{2+}, Cu^{2+}, Co^{2+}, Ni^{2+}, Cd^{2+}, Pb^{2+}, Bi^{3+}, Fe^{2+}, Fe^{3+}, Pd^{2+}, Mn^{2+}, Hg^{2+}, Sn^{2+}, Ca^{2+}, Mg^{2+}, K^+, Na^+ and Li^+$ were investigated.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.93.1-104
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• 1992

Because of varied functions and characteristics, water soluble polymers have lone attracted much intrest in both academic and industrial fields, especially now in pollution problems such as wastewater treatment through ployrneric flocculants. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to synthesize polymeric floccuants containning hydrophobic group in presence of the potassium persulfate/sodium thiosulfate redox system and to estimate their flocculating ability on the kaolin suspension. In order to test the flocculating power of flocculant prepared on the kaolin suspension system, turbidity of the supernatant liquid, residence time, filtration rate of flocculated samples, have additionally been measured from the flocculation experiments and analysed In comparision with the theoretical background.