• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.7.1-7.1
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• 2009

The use of Duplex stainless steel as a thermo-implant categorizes into two clinical applications: hyperthermia and thermal ablation or destruction. The goal of hyperthermia is to destroy the heat-sensitive abnormal cells and minimize normal cell death maintaining heat between $42^{\circ}C$ and $46^{\circ}C$. Thermal ablation takes place when the local tissue temperature increases greater than $46^{\circ}C$. This elevated temperature denatures protein irreversibly resulting cellular death. The author introduced several thermo-implants such as thermo-rod, thermo-stent, thermo-coil and thermoacupuncture-needle. Those thermo-implants are made of duplex stainless steel which can produce regulated heat by itself within an induction magnetic field. Thermal ablation characteristics of the thermo-rod on tumor hyperthermia depend on configurations of the thermo-rods and the magnitude of the induction magnetic strength. The exothermic properties of the thermo-implants can be characterized using the calorimetric test and the heat affected zone(HAZ) analyses in vitro. Thermal radiation studies using thermo-coils and thermo-stents show the capability of the occlusion of animal blood vessels and inhibiting the proliferation of the abnormal smooth muscle cell growth and inflammatory cell reactions maintaining the heat between $42^{\circ}C$ and $46^{\circ}C$ minimizing a normal cell death in the study on external iliac artery of the New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit. Thermal stimulation study using thermo-acupuncture needles suggests the potential applications of the automated acupunctural therapies.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2022

Hydrogels have gained considerable attention in various fields due to their easily transformative ability by different stimulation. In addition, metal-based conductive additives can enable the hydrogels to be conductive with dimension change. Although the development of the additives offered enhanced electrical properties to the hydrogels, correspondingly enhanced mechanical properties may limit the volume and electrical properties switching after stimulation. Here we prepared poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) thermo-responsive hydrogel that has a 32℃ of low critical solution temperature and added liquid metal particles (LMPs) as conductive additives, possessing soft and stretchable benefits. The LMPs enabled PNIPAM (PNIPAM/LMPs) hydrogels to be constricted over 32℃ with a high volume switching ratio of 15.2 when deswelled. Once the LMPs are spontaneously oxidized in hydrogel culture, the LMPs can release gallium ions into the hydrogel nature. The released gallium ions and oxidized LMPs enhanced the modulus of the PNIPAM/LMPs hydrogel, triggering high mechanical stability during repeated swelling/deswelling behavior. Lastly, highly constricted PNIPAM/LMPs hydrogel provided a 5x10⁶ of electrical switching after deswelling, and the switching ratio was closely maintained after repeated swelling/deswelling transformation. This study opens up opportunities for hydrogel use requiring thermo-responsive and high electrical switching fields.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2018

Objective: DIt is need to evaluate he changes of the bio-signals through the hot-cold stimulation in the CV4. Methods: The 30 healthy participants were enrolled and randomly allocated, to one of three groups(10 participants for each group): the hot stone therapy(HST) group, or the cold stone therapy(CST) group or no treatment group(NT). All the participants took a rest for 10 minutes for stability before the test. And additional 10 minute rest after measurements of skin test and sEMG. After that two group received hot or cold stone therapy for 30 minutes and one group treated nothing with HRV test. Results: HRV LF value showed a significant increase over time in all three groups, but there was no significant difference between groups but HRV HF value did not show any significant difference with time in all three groups and there was no significant difference between groups. sEMG value showed a significant increase in the left side of the masseter muscle of the HST group and sebum levels was a significant decreased in HST group but no significant meaning was found. Conclusion: There was no objective evidence that hot-cold stimulation produced bio-signals changes in comparison to the control group, but additional studies are needed as the subjects were limited.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2006

Temperature signaling can be initiated by members of transient receptor potential (thermo-TRP) channels. Hot and cold substances applied to teeth usually elicit pain sensation. Since odontoblasts constitute a well-defined layer between the pulp and the mineralized dentin, being first to encounter thermal stimulation from oral cavity, they may be involved in sensory transduction process, in addition to their primary function as formation of dentin. We investigated whether thermo-TRP channels are expressed in a odontoblast cell line, MDPC-23. The expressions of thermo-TRP channels were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, fluorometric calcium imaging. Analysis of RT-PCR revealed mRNA expression of TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV4 and TRPM8, but no TRPV3, TRPA1. Immunohistochemical approach failed to detect TRPV1 expression. Whereas the application of 4-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate($10\;{\mu}M$, a TRPV4 agonist), menthol(1 mM, a TRPM8 agonist) and icilin($10\;{\mu}M$, a TRPM8 agonist) produced the enhancement of intracellular calcium concentration, capsaicin($1\;{\mu}M$, a TRPV1 agonist) did not. Our results suggest that subfamily of thermo-TRP channels expressed in odontoblasts may serve as thermal or mechanical transducer in teeth.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.327-335
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• 2023

Background: Pain control is a crucial aspect of pediatric dentistry for patient management. Thermo-mechanical devices (Buzzy^TM Pain Care Labs, USA) work on the concept of vibration and cooling and have shown promising results in pain control during local anesthesia in pediatric dentistry. On the other hand, audio distraction has also been used for pain management. The amount of pain endured is determined by the patient's perception and attentiveness. Thus, if audio function is added to the thermomechanical device it might increase its efficiency. Hence, the present study aimed to compare pain on injection using a thermo-mechanical device with and without audio during inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) injection in children aged 5-10 years old. Methods: Twenty-eight children aged between 5 and 10 indicated for IANB were included in this randomized study. Children who were undergoing the dental procedure were divided into 2 groups, with 14 children in each group. The study group was the thermo-mechanical device with audio distraction; the control group was the thermo-mechanical device without audio distraction. IANB was administered. Subjective pain evaluation was performed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPR) and objective pain evaluation was done using the Faces, Leg, Activity, Consolability, Cry (FLACC) scale. Results: The outcome depicted a significant reduction in pain on injection for both objective and subjective evaluations in the thermo-mechanical device with an audio distraction group. Conclusions: Less pain on injection was observed, when a thermo-mechanical device was used with audio distraction for IANB procedures.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.505-509
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• 2020

편두통은 중등도 내지 중증의 두통이 재발하는 것을 특징으로 하는 두통 장애이다. 진단은 임상 징후 및 증상을 기반으로 하며, 약물 치료, 물리 치료, 신경 차단 및 신경 자극이 치료에 적용될 수 있다. 이 보고서는 59세 여성의 심각한 무전조성 편두통 사례에 대한 것이다. 환자는 정기적으로 두통이 14년 이상 지속되었으며, 약과 신경 차단제를 복용했지만 심한 통증 (VAS 7)이 지속되어 왔다. 우리는 척주 온열 마사지 기기(CGM MB-1401)를 편두통 환자에게 6주간 주 3회씩 40분간 처치하였다. 최초 4주간의 자동모드에서는 통증척도에 변화가 없었다. 이후 경추부 반자동 모드를 2주간 처치하여 통증척도가 완화되었으며, 두 달 동안 통증이 없는 상태로 유지되었음을 확인하였다. 본 사례는 무전조성 편두통을 관리하기 위해 척주 온열 마사지기 적용을 고려할 수 있음을 강조한다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.175-179
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 개불, Urechis unicinctus의 유생에 대한 착저유인물질(UM)의 영향, 개불유생의 착저반응의 선택성 실험, UM의 온도변화에 대한 효율성 실험을 하였다. UM에 노출된 개불의 유생은 빠르고 안전하게 착저반응을 보였으며, 이와는 대조적으로 해수와 고막의 체액, 개불의 혈액에 대하여는 착저반응을 나타내지 않았다. 온도변화에 따른 UM의 안정성을 조사한 결과 7$0^{\circ}C$이상으로 가열한 UM은 착저유인효과가 상실하였다. 그러나 60$^{\circ}$이하의 상태에서는 UM의 효율성이 유지되었다. 따라서 개불서식지의 자연환경 조건을 고려해 볼 때 UM의 효율성은 유지될 것으로 추정된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.547-555
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• 2020

재활치료를 받고 호전된 만성 요통 환자들이 집에서 수행하는 자가 관리 프로그램의 효과를 알아보고자 63명을 자가 운동 (SEG), 핫팩 및 저주파 전기 자극 (HEG) 및 온열 마사지 (TMG) 3개 그룹으로 나누었다. 통증장애 지표로 통증 수치 등급 척도 (PNRS), Oswestry 장애 지수 (ODI) 및 Roland Morris 장애 설문지 (RMDQ)를 병원 내원시, 치료 후 및 가정에서 자가 관리 6 개월 후에 평가하였고 재발 빈도 (RF)를 내원 전 6 개월 전과 자가관리 6 개월 후에 평가하였다. 각 그룹 내의 비교에서 SEG 및 TMG의 PNRS, ODI, RMDQ는 6개월 후에도 효과가 유지되었으나, HEG에서는 치료 후 개선되었던 PNRS가 6개월 후에 악화되었다. 그룹간 비교에서 SEG 및 TMG의 PNRS, ODI, RMDQ 및 RF는 6개월 후에 HEG에 비해 더 좋았다. 운동과 온열 마사지는 요통 자가 관리 방법으로 고려볼 수 있으나, 향후 더 많은 환자들과 다양한 연령, 직업들을 고려하여 추가 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2009

본 연구는 온열요법, 그 중 습열(moist heat)과 건열(dry heat)의 적용이 면역 활성의 변동에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 건강에 이상이 없는 연령 23${\sim}$32세, 신장 171.0${\pm}$1.2cm, 체중 68.0${\pm}$2.2kg의 남성 15명과 연령 22${\sim}$24세, 신장 159.5${\pm}$1.2cm, 체중 54.6${\pm}$2.4kg의 여성 15명을 대상으로 인체에 온열침수 (핫팩(KRS 12P, Karis Co., Korea))와 적외선 (발광 적외선등(Infrared, Ilshin Co., Korea))을 적용하여 보체와 같은 면역-활성 물질의 추이를 살펴보았다. 연구의 결과로써, 온열침수와 적외선을 적용한 결과 온열침수와 적외선 적용으로 보체 성분의 변동은 온열침수 적용으로 C1q의 유의한 감소와 C3(여성의 경우) 및 C4의 감소가 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 적외선의 경우 C1q와 C3 및 C4의 증감에 별다른 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 이러한 연구의 결과로 미루어 온열침수의 적용으로 보체계의 활성을 확인할 수 있었으며 이러한 면역-활성의 증가는 선택적 경로(alternative pathway)가 아닌 고전적 경로(classical pathway)를 통해 이루어짐을 추정할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 극히 부분적 결과를 나타내지만, 온열침수와 적외선 적용으로 면역-증강효과가 다소 존재하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.667-671
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to determine the number of skin cold receptor in Korean adult as a part of the study to investigate thermal physiological characteristics of Korean. For this 10 healthy subjects were placed in a climatic chamber and received cold stimulation of 1$0^{\circ}C$ on skin surface of each measuring site with a thermo-stimulator. As a result of cold spot measurement we found 23 points/cm2 at face 13. points/cm2 at chest 16 points/cm2 at abdomen 11 points/cm2 at back 14 points/cm2 at upper arm 16 points/cm2 at forearm 18 points/cm2 at back of the hand 15 points/cm2 at thigh 8 points/cm2 at leg 12 points/cm2 at dorsum of foot 8 points/cm2 at sole of foot in male subjects and in female subjects we fund 18 points/cm2 at face 13 points/cm2 at forearm 11 points/cm2 at at back of the hand 8 points/cm2 at palm 9 points/cm2 at thigh 6 points/cm2 at leg 8 points/cm2 at dorsum of foot 2 points/cm2 at sole of foot. The distributions of cold spots varied in different regions of the body surface and was exceptionally dense in the facial skin. There were some differences among other researchers' results but the cause of those differences are not yet known those are due to individual or methodological difference.