• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2019

The PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate)/clay nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ radical polymerizations with different clay contents (3 and 7 wt%) using microwave heating. The nanostructure, optical, and thermal properties of the synthesized PMMA/clay nanocomposites were measured by XRD, TEM, AFM, UV-vis, and TGA. It was found that the intercalated- or exfoliated structure of PMMA/clay nanocomposites was strongly dependent on the content of clay. Thus, the imposition of microwave-assisted polymerization facilitated a delamination process of layered silicates to achieve exfoliation state of interlayer distance. The PMMA/3 wt% C10A nanocomposite with well-dispersed and exfoliated clay nano-layers showed the good optical transparency similar to pure PMMA in this study. The thermal decomposition rates of the PMMA/clay nanocomposites become to be lower compared to that of the pure PMMA, indicating the intercalated- or exfoliated inorganic silicate has high thermal stability. A possible reason is that the thermally segmental motion of PMMA polymer into inorganic silicate interlayer spacing has increased the thermal stability of the PMMA/clay nanocomposites.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.373-382
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• 2006

A series of crosslinkable, waterborne polyurethanes (I-WBPUs) were prepared by in-situ polymerization using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI)/poly(tetramethylene oxide) glycol (PTMG, $M_n$=2,000)/dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA)/ethylene diamine (EDA)/triethylamine (TEA)/aminoplast[hexakis(methoxymethyl)melamine (HMMM)] as a crosslinking agent. Typical crosslinkable, waterborne polyurethanes (B-WBPUs) blended from WBPU dispersion and aqueous HMMM solution was also prepared to compare with the I-WBPUs. The crosslinking reaction between WBPU and HMMM was verified using FTIR and XPS analysis. The effect of the HMMM contents on the dynamic mechanical thermal, thermal, mechanical, and adhesion properties of the I-WBPU and B-WBPU films were investigated. The storage modulus(E'), glass transition temperatures of the soft segment ($T_{gs}$) and the amorphous regions of higher order ($T_{gh}$), melting temperature ($T_m$), integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT), residual weight, $T_{10%}$ and $T_{50%}$ (the temperature where 10 and 50% weight loss occurred), tensile strength, initial modulus, hardness, and adhesive strength of both I-WBPU and B-WBPU systems increased with increasing HMMM content. However, these properties of the I-WBPU system were higher than those of the B-WBPU system at the same HMMM content. These results confirmed the in-situ polymerization used in this study to be a more effective method to improve the properties of the WBPU materials compared to the simple blending process.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2012

목적: 전자빔(electron beam)을 이용한 HEMA(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)의 중합과정에 대한 최적의 전자빔조사(irradiation) 조건을 살펴보고, 전자빔과 일반적인 열중합 방법에 의해 제조된 콘택트렌즈의 물리적 특성을 각각 비교함으로써 콘택트렌즈 제조에 전자빔조사 방법의 활용가능성을 알아보고자 한다. 방법: 중합에 사용된 모노머(monomer)나 첨가제의 구성비 그리고 전자빔흡수선량(0~120 kGy)에 따라 HEMA의 중합정도를 관찰하여 전자빔조사(irradiation)에 의한 중합여부와 최적의 중합조건을 제시하였다. 동일한 반응물 구성비에 대해 전자빔과 열중합의 두 가지 다른 중합방법을 이용하여 고분자를 합성하였다. 각각의 고분자로부터 제조된 소프트콘택트렌즈에 대해 함수율, 산소전달률(Dk/t), 광투과율 등의 물리화학적 특성을 FT-IR 결과를 이용하여 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 전자빔조사선량(0~120 kGy)에 따라 살펴본 HEMA의 중합률은 100 kGy 이상에서 99% 이상으로 나타났으며, 사용된 모노머의 구성비나 광개시제와 가교제 등의 첨가에 무관하게 높은 중합률을 보였다. 전자빔 조사에 의해 제조된 렌즈의 함수율은 열중합 방법에 의해 제작된 렌즈에 비해 10% 이상 높게 나타났다. 산소전달률(Dk/t)도 함수율과 마찬가지로 전자빔조사방법에 의해 제조된 렌즈에서 더 높게 나타났으며, 순수한 HEMA의 경우는 약 2배 정도 높은 값을 보였다. FT-IR 분석결과, 전자빔 조사방법에 의해 제조한 렌즈에서 친수성 증가와 관계되는 OH group의 농도가 증가하였고 이에 따른 분자간 수소결합의 농도가 증가함을 확인하였다. 두 가지 다른 중합방법에 의해 제조된 렌즈의 가시광선(380~800 nm) 영역에서 광 투과율은 제조방법과는 상관없이 유사하였으며, 90% 이상의 높은 값을 나타내었다. 결론: HEMA를 기본으로 구성된 다양한 반응혼합물과 개시제나 가교제의 첨가가 없는 순수한 HEMA에 100kGy 이상의 전자빔을 조사할 경우 중합이 성공적으로 이루어졌다. 또한 순수한 HEMA에 100kGy의 전자빔을 조사하여 중합된 고분자로부터 제조된 콘택트렌즈에서 가장 높은 함수율과 산소전달률을 나타내어 전자빔조사조건에 따라 물리적특성이 다른 콘택트렌즈의 제조가 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1991년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.233-237
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• 1991

In the study, samples were made on the electrode in internal glass bell jar by the radio frequency discharge polymerization. The polymerization rate of samples was observed as a function of r.f. discharge power. The characteristics of polymers obtained from TMDSO and HMDSO were analyzed by FT-IR and TGA, and their electrical properties were examined on insulation resistivity, breakdown voltage, dielectric constant, and tan ${\delta}$. (1) There was no difference between PPTMDSO and PPHMDSO in a polymerization rate and thermal and electrical properties. (2) The growing rates of thin film with discharge powers were from $0.42{\mu}/h$ to $1.2{\mu}m/h$. (3) According to IR spectra analysis, discharge power did not effect polymer structure due to polyermization mechanism and effected only polymerization rate. (4) PPTMDSO and PPHMDSO were thermally resistive polymers which did not decompose to $300^{\circ}C$.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.2-7
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• 2005

A series of ethylene polymerization catalysts based on tridentate bis-imine ligands coordinated to iron and cobalt was reported. The ligands were prepared through the condensation of sterically bulky anilines with allyloxy-and benzyloxy-substituted 2,6-acetylpyridines. The pre-catalyst complexes were penta-coordinate species of the general formula $\{[(ArN=C(Me))_2(4-RO-C_5H_3N)]MCl_2\}$ (Ar=ortho dialkyl-substituted aryl ring; R=allyl, benzyl; M=Fe, Co). In the presence of ethylene and methyl alumoxane cocatalysts, these complexes were active for the polymerization of ethylene, with activities lower than those of metal complexes of the general formula $\{[(2-ArN=C(Me)_2C_5H_3N]MCl_2\}$ (Ar=ortho dialkyl-substituted aryl ring; M=Co, Fe), containing no substituents in 2,6-acetylpyridine ring. The effects of the catalyst structure and temperature on the polymerization activity, thermal properties, and molecular weight were discussed.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.212-217
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 유기현탁제로 폴리비닐알콜(PVA: Poly(vinyl alcohol)을 사용하여 현탁중합토너를 제조하였다. 스타이렌과 부틸아크릴레이트 모노머를 동시에 사용하고 카본블랙을 첨가하여, 좁은 입경분포를 갖는 미세 구형 중합토너를 제조하였다. 최적의 현탁중합조건을 설정하기 위하여 카본블랙이 배제된 예비입자 중합실험을 먼저 수행하였다. 예비입자는 다양한 중합조건에서 제조하였으며, 각각의 특징을 비교 분석하여 최적의 중합조건을 결정하였다. 최적화된 중합조건을 선택하여 제조된 흑색중합토너는 입경 및 형상이 우수하였으며 유리전이온도도 $53.6^{\circ}C$인 것으로 나타나 열적 특성 및 인쇄특성도 우수한 것으로 관찰되었다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.386-398
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• 2020

This study compared dip-coating and in situ polymerization methods for the development of nanofiber-based E-textile using polypyrrole. Nanofiber webs were fabricated by electrospinning an aqueous poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution. Subsequently, the PVA nanofiber web underwent thermal treatment to improve water resistance. Dip-coating and in situ polymerization methods were used to deposit polypyrrole on the surfaces of the nanofiber web. An FE-SEM analysis was also conducted to examine specimen surface characteristics along with EDS and FT-IR that analyzed the chemical bonding between polypyrrole and specimens. The line resistance and sheet resistance of the treated specimens were measured. Finally, an electrocardiogram (ECG) was measured with textile sensors made of the polypyrrole-deposited PVA nanofiber webs. The polypyrrole-deposited PVA nanofiber webs fabricated by dip-coating dissolved in the dip-coating solution and indicated damage to the nanofibers. However, in the case of in situ polymerization, polypyrrole nanoparticles were deposited on the surface and inter-web structure of the PVA nanofiber web. The resistance measurements indicated that polypyrrole-deposited PVA nanofiber webs fabricated by in situ polymerization with an average sheet resistance of 5.3 k(Ω/□). Polypyrrole-deposited PVA nanofiber webs fabricated by dip-coating showed an average sheet resistance of 57.3 k(Ω/□). Polypyrrole-deposited PVA nanofibers fabricated by in situ polymerization showed a lower line and sheet resistance; in addition, they detected the electrical activity of the heart during ECG measurements. The electrodes made from polypyrrole-deposited PVA nanofiber webs by in situ polymerization showed the best performance for sensing ECG signals among the evaluated specimens.

• Carbon letters
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.162-166
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• 2011

Conducting polymer-coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by template polymerization in order to enhance their gas sensitivity. This investigation of the conducting polymer phases that formed on the surface of the MWCNTs is based on field-emission scanning electron microscopy images. The thermal stability of the conducting polymer-coated MWCNTs was significantly improved by the high thermal stability of MWCNTs. The synergistic effects of the conducting polymer-coated MWCNTs improve the gas-sensing properties. MWCNTs coated with polyaniline uniformly show outstanding improvement in gas sensitivity to $NH_3$ due to the synergistic combination of efficient adsorption of $NH_3$ gas and variation in the conduction of electrons.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

HEMA, AA, MMA, and EGDMA as crosslinking agent and AIBN as an initiator, and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2-ethylhexyl-trans-4-methoxy-cinnamate, 2-hydroxy-4-(methacryloyloxy)benzophenone as additives at 0.1-1.0% ratios were used to manufacture hydrophilic ophthalmic lenses through thermal polymerization before their physical properties were measured. The results showed that the samples containing of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone and 2-ethylhexyl-trans-4-methoxy-cinnamate resulted in a decrease of the UV blocking performance after high-pressure sterilization whereas the sample containing 2-hydroxy-4-(methacryloyloxy)benzophenone showed no change in the UV blocking performance. It is judged that this is induced by presence or absence of an acyl functional group in benzophenone.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.365-368
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• 2002

Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) with different hard segment length has been prepared from a fixed molar ratio of poly(tetramethylene ether glycol), 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and 1,4-butanediol by different polymerization procedures. Results reveal that the on-set temperature of endotherms ( $T_{cc}$ ) due to the crystallization of hard segments by cooling the TPUs from melt and the peak temperature of endotherms due to the melting of hard segments ( $T_{mh}$ ) by heating the TPUs increased and levelled off with increasing the hard segment length of TPUs. It has also been observed that soft segment glass transition temperature ( $T_{gs}$ ) of TPU decreased slightly with increasing the hard segment length, which explains less mixing of soft segments and hard segments. In tensile measurement of TPUs, strain hardening is observed with increasing the hard segment length, which is attributed to the strain induced crystallization of soft segments.