• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.89-106
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• 1998

This essay addresses the role of environmental aesthetics in landscape architecture : how can environmental aesthetics enrich landscape architectural theory and practice\ulcorner It begins by criticizing the predominant notions toward theory : theory as an instrumental design method, theoretical vacuum in modernism of landscape architecture, and the intimate relation of theory and practice in 18th-century England. It suggests that the expulsion of theory in landscape architectural academics and profession is nothing but an inappropriate bias. In the second place, the essay explores a remaining question : why environmental aesthetics is a part of landscape architectural theory\ulcorner I would argue that environmental aesthetics can transcend the man-nature(subject-object) dichotomy, one of heritages of Western modernity project. Here, landscape architecture meets environmental aesthetics, and both can intermediate between theory and practice. For landscape architecture is (and ought to be) a device of embodied communication, creating symbolic settings wherein an interconnection of man and nature can occur. Finally, this essay examines the aesthetics of engagement that Arnold Berleant claimed recently. This theory of aesthetic experience has a possibility of making corrections some improper conventions in landscape architectural creation and appreciation : disinterested contemplation, visual-orientedness, decoration-denteredness, and so forth. I would conclude that environmental aesthetics can be a significant theory which can correct misconceptions in landscape design and appreciation and, further, can lead contemporary practice. As the great mediator between man and nature, between theory and practice, environmental aesthetics has a profound role to play in the realm of landscape architecture, and vice versa.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.24-47
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• 2006

Based on the findings of a study focused on medical institutions(Fama & French, 2002), this study determined possible causality between determinants of capital structure and liability level, while estimating targeted debt ratio. Moreover, it also examined hypotheses about the adjustment of targeted debt ratio and the of fundraising patterns, so that it verified the relative priority of trade-off theory and pecking order theory. First, profitability had positive(+) relationships with liability level, while investment opportunities had negative(-) relationships with liability level. This finding supported pecking order theory, and non-liability tax shield effects had negative(-) relationships with liability level as estimated in both trade-off theory and pecking order theory. Next, this study verified trade-off and pecking order theory at once by means of regression analysis about the variation of liability level in associations with disparity from targeted debt ratio and short-term fluctuation of profit and investment. As a result, it was noted that liability level became mean-reversed to targeted liability ratio but slowly, SO it was difficult to assert that such mean reverse may support trade-off theory. However, the finding that most of short-term fluctuations of profit and investment are absorbed into liabilities supported pecking order theory. On the other hand, it was found that the larger scale of medical institutions is more supportive of pecking order theory in the associations between liability level and profitability and the fundraising patterns than trade-off theory.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.247-263
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• 2009

In this paper we use degree and index theory to present new applicable fixed point theory for permissible maps.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.28 no.3_4
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• pp.553-568
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• 2010

By making use of minimax theory and pseudo $Z_p$ index theory, some results on the existence and multiplicity of periodic solutions with minimal period to nonconvex superquadratic discrete Hamiltonian systems are obtained.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.185-198
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• 2018

This paper was written for the purpose of using as the theoretical basic data of judgment in the situation that there is a growing demand for intelligent design theory to be taught in public schools along with evolution theory. In order to verify the possibility that intelligent design theory, which has little empirical evidence unlike evolutionary theory, could be a scientific theory, what intelligence is and whether the trace of intelligence is actually found in nature was confirmed through literature. If intelligent elements, which are traces of intelligence in nature, are discovered empirically in nature, then intelligent design theory can be recognized as a scientific theory and can also be taught in public schools. The identity and traces of intelligence were found in relevant literature and the traces are found not only in various artificial products derived from human beings such as thinking, knowledge, and civilization, but also in all phenomena of nature. Based on these results, this paper provides a discussion on how the evolutionary theory and intelligent design theory should be handled in the field of school education, as well as how to resolve the conflicts between evolutionary theory and intelligent design theory.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.61-86
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• 2006

Based on a previous literature about hospital capital structure(Shyam- Sunder & Myers, 1999), this study attempted comparison and analysis on whether the forecast of trade-off and pecking order theory could be validated in hospital's capital structure. First, this study analyzed whether hospitals follow the priority for each capital source as suggested by pecking order theory under lack of capital running in hospital. Next, it analyzed whether debt level is regressed on the average to target debt level so as to verify the validity of trade-off theory. Finally, it also analyzed possible associations between debt level and determinants of capital structure as adopted in static trade-off theory, so as to verify relative advantages of these two theories about hospital capital structure. The analysis over whole period showed that both trade-off theory and pecking order theory isn't supported particularly. This mean that each hospital's financing behaviors is different and that has not dominant financing behaviors. In the midst of separation of dispensary from medical practice, medical institutions in Korea first finances funds required using retained earnings and then use liabilities. however pecking order theory is supported, the preference of long-term liabilities and short-term liabilities is not clear. In addition, considering that debt level is in no average regression to target debt ratio, it is found that hospital capital structure following trade-off theory turns into that subject to pecking order theory via the separation of dispensary from medical practice.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1303-1313
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• 2014

Dynamic behavior of the harmonic detection part of an active power filter (APF) has an essential role in filter compensation performances during transient conditions. Instantaneous power (p-q) theory is extensively used to design harmonic detectors for active filters. Large overshoot of p-q theory method deteriorates filter response at a large and rapid load change. In this study the harmonic estimation of an APF during transient conditions for balanced three-phase nonlinear loads is conducted. A novel fuzzy instantaneous power (FIP) theory is proposed to improve conventional p-q theory dynamic performances during transient conditions to adapt automatically to any random and rapid nonlinear load change. Adding fuzzy rules in p-q theory improves the decomposition of the alternating current components of active and reactive power signals and develops correct reference during rapid and random current variation. Modifying p-q theory internal high-pass filter performance using fuzzy rules without any drawback is a prospect. In the simulated system using MATLAB/SIMULINK, the shunt active filter is connected to a rapidly time-varying nonlinear load. The harmonic detection parts of the shunt active filter are developed for FIP theory-based and p-q theory-based algorithms. The harmonic detector hardware is also developed using the TMS320F28335 digital signal processor and connected to a laboratory nonlinear load. The software is developed for FIP theory-based and p-q theory-based algorithms. The simulation and experimental tests results verify the ability of the new technique in harmonic detection of rapid changing nonlinear loads.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to review of mechanism and application methodology about mental practice. The mental practice is symbolic rehearsal of physical activity in the absence of any gross muscular movements. Human have the ability to generate mental correlates of perceptual and motor events without any triggering external stimulus, a function known as imagery, Practice produces both internal and external sensory consequences which are thought to be essential for learning to occur, It is for this reason that mental practice, rehearsal of skill in imagination rather than by overt physical activity, has intrigued theorists, especially those interested in cognitive process. Several studies in sport psychology have shown that mental practice can be effective in optimizing the execution of movements in athletes and help novice learner in the incremental acquisition of new skilled behaviors. There are many theories of mental practice for explaining the positive effect In skill learning and performance. Most tenable theories are symbolic learning theory, psyconeuromuscular theory, Paivio's theory, regional cerebral blood flow theory, motivation theory, modeling theory, mental and muscle movement nodes theory, insight theory, selective attention theory, and attention-arousal set theory etc.. The factors for influencing to effects of mental practice are application form, application period, time for length of the mental practice, number of repetition, existence of physical practice.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.257-276
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• 2016

In this paper, a new simple higher-order shear deformation theory for bending and free vibration analysis of functionally graded (FG) plates is developed. The significant feature of this formulation is that, in addition to including a sinusoidal variation of transverse shear strains through the thickness of the plate, it deals with only three unknowns as the classical plate theory (CPT), instead of five as in the well-known first shear deformation theory (FSDT) and higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). A shear correction factor is, therefore, not required. Equations of motion are derived from Hamilton's principle. Analytical solutions for the bending and free vibration analysis are obtained for simply supported plates. The accuracy of the present solutions is verified by comparing the obtained results with those predicted by classical theory, first-order shear deformation theory, and higher-order shear deformation theory. Verification studies show that the proposed theory is not only accurate and simple in solving the bending and free vibration behaviours of FG plates, but also comparable with the other higher-order shear deformation theories which contain more number of unknowns.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.431-449
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to contribute to a understanding the philosophical foundation of Parse's and Watson's theory of nursing. Parse's human becoming Research Methodology, Principle and main concepts are based on existential phenomenology. And Watson's theory of human care indicate that the optimal method for studying and inquiring theory of trans-personal caring is phenomenological-existential methodology. The chief theme of this study ist to illuminate how ideas and concepts of existential phenomenology are applied to Parse's and watson's theory of nursing. Content of this Study are summarized as follow; 1. Principles, concepts, theoretical structure of Man-Living-Health theory were investigated in Parse's theory of nursing as Human science. 2. Essential assumptions, chief concepts and methodology of human science and human care were investigated in Watson's theory of trans- personal caring. 3. Phenomenological analysis of "Human being" und poetic thinking of truth were described in the context of the Heidegger's fundamental ontology und existential phenomenology. 4. Meaning of existential subjectivity, freedom and choice war interpreted according to Sartre's existential philosophy 5. Phenomenological analysis of perception und function of body were investigated in the context of Merleauponty's existential phenomenology. 6. Ultimately this study provided how ideas and concepts of existential phenomenology war applied to Parse's und Watson's nursing theory und methodology.