• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.325-329
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was performed to assess the association between high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) and hypertension. Methods : We evaluated the relationship between hsCRP with hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors, using a cross-sectional survey of 202 people over the age of 50, living in a rural area. A logistic regression analysis was used to study the association between hsCRP and hypertension. The hsCRP levels were divided in quartiles, and the odds ratios (OR), with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), calculated, using the lowest quartile as a reference. Results : The subjects consisted of 37.1% men and 62.9% women, with a mean (SD) hsCRP level of $1.9({\pm}3.0mg/{\ell})$ . The overall prevalence of hypertension was 61.4%. The prevalence of hypertension according to the hsCRP quartile was not statistically significant. After adjustment for confounding variables, the prevalence of hypertension according to the subjects in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th hsCRP quartiles were 1.418 (95% CI=0.554-3.628), 1.124 (95% CI=0.392-3.214) and 0.892 (95% CI=0.312-2.547) times higher, respectively, compared to those in the 1st quartile. Conclusions : The results showed that the level of hsCRP was not a risk factor for hypertension among adults aged over 50 years, living in a rural area. A further study should be performed to find the association between hsCRP and hypertension.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2007

현재 노인복지회관은 1981년 제정된 노인복지법에 근거한 노인여가시설로 규정되어, 각 시도별로 건립되고 있지만, 각 시설 관에서 제공하는 다양한 서비스가 체계화되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 더욱이 지방자치제의 전면적 실시로 인해 각 자치단체별로 건립이 급속히 증가하고 있다. 호남지역의 경우 2005년 36개소가 운영 중이며 노인복지회관의 건립 형태를 보면, 노인인구를 고려하여 건립되기보다는 지방자치단체별로 건져되고 있어 이용서비스프로그램 및 그에 대응하는 공간구성계획이나 면적구성계획들에 관한 세부계획이 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 호남지역의 노인복지회관을 조사대상으로 연면적분류에 따른 이용서비스프로그램 공간분류와 공간위치를 비교 분석하였으며, 각 이용공간으로 상담지도공간, 의료재활공간, 사회교육공간, 복리후생공간, 관리공간의 각 시설의 공간규모와 구성을 조사 분석하였다. 이를 기반으로 본 연구는 연면적에 따른 이용서비스공간구성과 규모를 분석하여 향후 노인복지회관의 공간구성계획 시 필요한 기초자료를 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.637-643
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Malnutrition in the elderly is a serious problem, prevalent in both hospitals and care homes. Due to the absence of a gold standard for malnutrition, herein we evaluate the efficacy of five nutritional screening tools developed or used for the elderly. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Elected medical records of 141 elderly patients (86 men and 55 women, aged $73.5{\pm}5.2years$) hospitalized at a geriatric care hospital were analyzed. Nutritional screening was performed using the following tools: Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA), Mini Nutrition Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002). A combined index for malnutrition was also calculated as a reference tool. Each patient evaluated as malnourished to any degree or at risk of malnutrition according to at least four out of five of the aforementioned tools was categorized as malnourished in the combined index classification. RESULTS: According to the combined index, 44.0% of the patients were at risk of malnutrition to some degree. While the nutritional risk and/or malnutrition varied greatly depending on the tool applied, ranging from 36.2% (MUST) to 72.3% (MNA-SF). MUST showed good validity (sensitivity 80.6%, specificity 98.7%) and almost perfect agreement (k = 0.81) with the combined index. In contrast, MNA-SF showed poor validity (sensitivity 100%, specificity 49.4%) and only moderate agreement (k = 0.46) with the combined index. CONCLUSIONS: MNA-SF was found to overestimate the nutritional risk in the elderly. MUST appeared to be the most valid and useful screening tool to predict malnutrition in the elderly at a geriatric care hospital.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.832-840
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between diet quality and food cost and identify the effects of food cost on healthy diet among Korean adult. Among the subjects of 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey 1,641 men and 1,765 women aged from 30 to 49 years were selected and their information of dietary intakes, socio-demo-graphic information, and anthropometric data were analyzed. For the analysis, subjects were classified to quartile based on their daily food cost. Food guidelines provided by Korean Nutrition Society was regarded as a model of healthy diet. Subjects in the lowest quartile of food cost consumed inadequate amount of food from all food categories of the guidelines. Many subjects in the highest quartile not only satisfied the recommended amount of the Food Guide but also seemed to overeat high energy density foods. Even in the highest quartile, about 90% of subjects did not satisfied recommended amount of dairy products. According to the calculated cost of healthy diet, the average cost did not seem to be more expensive than the current mean food cost of the subjects, and most cost-sensitive food intake was observed in the meat fish beans eggs category. The implications of study results were: 1) all the high cost diets did not indicate the high quality of diet, 2) most practical matter of healthy diet in low income group seemed whether they could afford the expense of meat and fish, 3) nutrition education was required to most subjects for healthy diet.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.130-139
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• 1994

This study was performed to provide the dress form for high school girls' clothing construction which can reflect the characteristics of their body. Two hundred and forty seven high school girls aged from 15 In 17 were directly measured. The results obtained from this study were as follows ; 1. High school girls' somatotype was similar to that of young adult women. They had the features of well developed upper trunk and well developed breadth, but less developed depth. 2. The correlation between length item and the other items was small enough to interpret that each item was independent. There was a Positive correlation between depth item and girth item. And, Observed correlation between weight and Rohrer's index and breadth, depth and girth item was much larger than expected, which showed that weight and Rohrer's index influenced on fatness factor. 3. Through factor analysis, six factors were extracted from anthropometric measurements. The first factor was representing upper body volumn which expressed the characteristics of somatotype better than any other factors, the second factor was breadth, the third factor was size, the fourth factor was length, the fifth was back shape and the sixth factor was shoulder shape. 4. For development of dress form for high school girls, directly anthoropometric measurements were used. The dress form constructed through this study represented the characteristics of high school girls, therefore this would be very useful to manufacture clothing for them in the future.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.23-37
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• 2012

Using data from the 2008 Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families, this study investigated the income class differences in the modes, amount of time, and expenses for caring and educating a child in early childhood. The sample consisted of 1,849 households with a child aged 6 years or less. The major findings were as follows. First, the lower-income class was more likely to rely on child care centers and less likely to use services provided by kindergarten or private education. Their total amount of time required to provide care and education for their child was about 4 or 5 hours less than that of the other income classes; this result was due to the fact that they consumed less hours for home care, kindergarten, and private education. Second, we found there were more similarities than differences between middle-income and upper-income classes in the modes, amount of time, and expenses to care for and educate their young children; however, the middle-income class used less private education than the upper-income classes in terms of usage rate and length of time. Lastly, the other variables which were significantly related with the amount of time and expenses for child care and education included mother's employment, age of the child, and having siblings, and the family size. Based on the results, implications for public policy on early childhood care and education were suggested.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2016

This study analyses characteristics of space to facilitate community centering on cases of collective houses in Japan and uses the results as basic data to activate collective houses as an alternative form of housing in our country. To identify the characteristics of space for active communities with collective living space, this study conducted a theoretical examination on collective houses and housing, derived territoriality, accessibility, comfort and safety as factors of community activation and analysed various cases, and the results are presented as follows: First, territoriality is a necessary condition for formation of community, and a confined and physical space. It indicates the proper size of a space and diverse spacial areas which meet the needs of residents with the proper size and amount of space (space which can accommodate diverse generations including women, the aged and the young, flexible space which changes according to the purposes and program, space which supports leisure and hobby activities, and space which can accommodate outsiders). Second, accessibility indicates an environment which supports residents' easy use of space. As the more accessible it is, the higher the frequency of its use, spatial factors (piloti, backyards, benches and tables) should be provided, community space should be arranged in a central or decentralized way and community living space should be made for each floor. As for exits, accessibility should be considered in every way; entrances connected with community spaces, open entrances and entrances accessible from outside or individual living spaces. Third, comfort satisfies the physical and mental needs of residents through separation of floors and flows between the community and individual spaces for privacy and formation of eco-friendly spaces including vegetable gardens, gardens and plant arrangements. Fourth, safety should be considered for a higher quality environment with psychological stability and comfort, for which the following are recommended: installation of hand-rails, removal of thresholds, spacial design for the socially weak, duplex and open type structures for community space, open stages and halls, as well as indoor and outdoor openness through the use of windows.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1999

The purpose of this thesis is to review the costume and symbolism of the English novelist Jane Austen's novel "Emma" which was produced as a movie in 1996. The novel "Emma" 's periodical background is from 1814 to 1815 in neo-classical age of costume. The English woman's costumes in 1810 were high-waisted empire style dress and redingote, pelisse, spencer jacket for going out. Man's costumes were frock coat, tail coat, shirts, vest and bottoms were breeches, pantaloons and trousers. In this literature, Harriet's naive and immature image was shown in the name of 'pretty'. Elegant and graceful way of talking and attitude was expressed in the 'beauty' of Emma. The costume is symbolically expressing the character's personality ; white is for Emma's intelligent and elegant image, pastor Elton's black suit symbolized his profession and ambitions for success. The analysis of the costumes from the movie "Emma" is following ; women wore empire dress and outer garment, redingote and spencer jacket. The fabrics were muslin, gauze, satin, lace and velvet. Men's costume were frock coat, tail coat with the shirts, vest, and pantaloons. The fabric was brown, black and dark color of wool. With an analysis of the movie "Emma", I would like to present '99 S/S collection, targeted for 21-25 aged woman by use of Emma's elegant and Harriet's pretty image as a main subject. As a second subject, I have chosen neo romantic memory, sophisticate feminine and pretty Harriet.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2002

Findings from European and American studies have indicated such health behaviors as smoking, drinking, lack of exercise, and insufficient intake of grains, fruits and vegetables as risk factors for hypertension. However, because dietary pattern and health behaviors of Korean differ from people of other countries, the risk factors for Koreans could be different. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify food consumption patterns and health behavior characteristics of Korean hypertensive adults. Data on food consumptions and other health behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and exercise together with development of hypertension were collected from 597 persons aged 20 to 69 years in a local community. The first stage of analysis utilized cluster analysis to aggregate individuals into different health behavior and food consumption groups. Four health behavior groups were characterized by passive cluster, smoker cluster, fitness cluster and drinker cluster. Food consumption patterns of the subjects were also aggregated into 4 different clusters: dairy cluster, grain & vegetable cluster, fruit cluster, and fish & meat cluster. Then univariate analysis was followed to identify the variables associated with hypertension. The final stage of analysis was the identification of the relative importance of the variables selected from the univariate analysis on hypertension, using multiple logistic analysis. The results showed that heavy drinking was the most significant health behavior associated hypertension, which was similar to the findings in European and American studies. However, unlike the findings from foreign studies, grain and vegetable consumption appeared to be a risk factor for hypertension. A possible reason for the contradictory results between Korean and Western studies may be the dependence of Koreans on white rice as the major staple food, and/or the frequent consumption of salted vegetables, rather than fresh vegetables as is customary in Europe and America.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.5404-5412
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• 2015

목 적: 65세 이상 노인을 대상으로 식사의 횟수 및 아침 점심 저녁식사 유 무에 따른 복부 비만과 전신비만에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 한다. 방 법: 국민건강영양조사 제5기(2010-2012)의 원시자료를 이용하였으며, 연구 대상자인 65세 이상 노인 5,742명을 최종분석 하였다. 결 과: 노인의 식사 횟수와 성별, 흡연, 배우자의 유 무, 전신 비만, 복부 비만에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 저녁식사를 한 경우에 비해 저녁식사를 안한 경우는 전신비만이 될 확률이 0.658배(OR=0.658, 95%CI=0.482-0.898) 낮았고, 세 끼 식사를 하는 경우가 한 끼, 두 끼를 하는 경우보다 전신비만이 될 확률이 0.771배(OR=0.771, 95%CI=0.65-0.913) 낮았다. 결 론: 본 연구는 노인의 식습관 유형에 따른 비만 특성을 파악함으로서 노인 비만에 영향을 미치는 식습관에 대해 올바른 지침을 제시하고자 한다.