• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.89-102
• /
• 1990

The research is a comparative study of death attitudes between male and female elderly people. There is no doubt as to the inevitability of death. And yet, there is a vast conspiracy involved in the word of dead or death. The aged are considered to be nearer death than are people in other age groups. Kalish(1976) emphasized that for the aged two meanings of death have significance for evaluating their life ; first, that older people are known to have a limited life time and face death ; second that older people are known to have suffered many death-imposed losses that are often associated with the dying process. In considering these implications, the level of anxiety regarding death and dying is a crucial factor in determining mental health. In the study, 152 male elderly and 145 female elderly residing in Seoul, Korea was compared on the four dimensions of death anxiety and assigned personal variables. Therefore, the purpose the research was (1) to examine the characteristics of subjects on the independent variables(age, marital status, family relationship, social activities, religiousity etc.) ; (2) to examine the relationship between the independent variables and each dimension of death axniety ; (3) to determine the proportion of variance in the respective of death anxiety which is accounted for by the respective independent variables ; (4) to examine whether a significant difference between the respective independent variables and each dimension of death anxiety has ; (5) to determine the combination of variables which is the most successful in explaining the variance in death anxiety. Finding from this study support the following conclusions; 1. There was a significant differences between the male and female subjects in the level of death anxiety. In turn, the male older adults had lower death anxiety than did the female elderly. This implies that male tend to look forward to death rather than deny it. 2. As there was evidences from several studies, this research found that fear of death decreases as age increases. 3. The following two variables that correlate best with dying anxiety of others in both male and female older adults : 'marriage life', 'social interaction'. 4. The variables 'age' and 'children' for both female and male elderly accounted for the most variance in death anxiety of self. The findings of the study lend this investigator several suggestions, implications and recommendations for future research. There can be no death without life, and conversely, no life without death. Psychologists and health-related professionals may be learn as much about death as they can in order to develop more healthy attitudes and in order to be able to better aid and comfort dying people and their familities. Perhaps most importantly, professionals may be help those who are not faced with death at present to develop an understanding of it and healthy attitudes toward it. The programs of death education are needed for dedication to the evitability of death and the preparation of life for the older adults. More seminars, symposiums and research on death attitudes are needed. Finally, study for female older adults has been negelected topic in the areas of women's study and health education. Future study, for female elderly, have to deeply investigate where those problems come from and how to cope with in order to the female elderly segment can live the rest of their lives in satisfaction with well-being.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.191-199
• /
• 2001

Objective : In this study, we focused on estimating the burden of premature death in Korea caused by smoking using the YLL(years of life lost due to premature death) measurement. Methods : First, we determined parameters: such as age-specific standard life expectancy, age on death, sex, and cause of death by analyzing the national death certificate data and life table collected during 1997. These were provided by the National Statistical Office. Secondly, we estimated the age group- specific years of life lost due to premature death by employing the standard expected years of life lost(SEYLL) measurement. Thirdly, the burden of premature death caused by smoking was estimated using the YLLs measurement which was developed by the global burden of disease study group. Fourthly, We calculated the risk related to smoking using the population attributable risk. Results : The following results were obtained in this study: 1) Premature death that is attributable to smoking in males could be prevented in 60.9%(513,582 person-year) by non-smoking. 2) The burden of premature death by smoking for female was prevented to 17.7%(513,582 person-year) by non-smoking. Conclusion : We found that the YLL method employed in this study was appropriate in quantifying the burden of premature death. This provides a rational basis for planning a national health policy regarding premature deaths caused by smoking and other related risk factors.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.75-80
• /
• 2015

Calf losses have an economic impact on larger Korean native cattle (KNC) breeding farms due to replacement, productivity, and marketing. However, little research on KNC calf mortality or causes of calf death on large-scale breeding farms has been conducted. Based on medical records and autopsy findings from the Hanwoo experimental station of the National Institute of Animal Science, calf death records from 2002 to 2011 were used to identify the causes of mortality. Mortality rate of KNC calves was 5.7%. Large differences (1.8~12.6%) in yearspecific mortalities were observed. Calf deaths were due to digestive diseases (68.7%), respiratory diseases (20.9%), accidents (6.0%), and other known diseases (2.2%). The main cause of calf death was enteritis followed by pneumonia, rumen indigestion, and intestinal obstruction. The greatest number of calf deaths occurred during the fall followed by summer. These results indicated that enteritis and pneumonia were the main reasons for calf death. However, autopsy findings demonstrated that other factors also caused calf death. This study suggested that seasonal breeding and routine vaccinations are the most important factors for preventing calf death, and improving calf health in high land areas with low temperature.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
• /
• v.40
• /
• pp.155-185
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to compare death the Korean Buddhist understanding of death with that of Daesoon Jinrihoe. Various concepts, including reincarnation (輪廻), myeongbu (冥府, 'the postmortem offices' or 'afterworld') and the Ten Kings (十王) of the afterworld are used to explain views on death in both religions. However, these concepts differ not only in their content and categorization, but also in terms of the meaning they occupy within the doctrines of each religion. In other words, although many similarities can be found between Buddhism and Daesoon Jinrihoe's concept of reincarnation, at the same time, differences between them can also be pointed out. The differences include the period of time between one's death and reincarnation and also the importance of reliance upon other people or divine powers during the reincarnation process. With regard to ideas involving myŏngbu, there are far more differences than similarities. Both Buddhism and Daesoon Jinrihoe shares a similar notion of an afterlife judgment presided over by the Ten Kings. However, many differences can be found when it comes to Daesoon Jinrihoe other view of myŏngbu, known as 'myeongbu gongsa (the Reordering Works of Myeongbu).' These works are considered to be of great doctrinal importance in Daesoon Jinrihoe. Therefore, the concepts of reincarnation and myeongbu that appear in both traditions should not be considered identical and need to be redefined accordingly in comparative contexts. In other words, the concepts of reincarnation, myeongbu, and the Ten Kings as they appear in the Daesoon Thought should first be differentiated from their counterparts found in Buddhism and then be redefined in the context of the new and independent system of thought in which they exist. These concepts should then be applied to broader theoretical discourse on religion.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.115-121
• /
• 2009

Functional defects in mitochondria are involved in the induction of cell death in cancer cells. We assessed the toxic effect of camptothecin against the human cervical and uterine tumor cell line SiHa with respect to the mitochondria-mediated cell death process, and examined the combined effect of camptothecin and anticancer drugs. Camptothecin caused apoptosis in SiHa cells by inducing mitochondrial membrane permeability changes that lead to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased Bcl-2 levels, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH. Combination of camptothecin with other anticancer drugs (carboplatin, paclitaxel, doxorubicin and mitomycin c) or signaling inhibitors (farnesyltransferase inhibitor and ERK inhibitor) did not enhance the camptothecin-induced cell death and caspase-3 activation. These results suggest that camptothecin may cause cell death in SiHa cells by inducing changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability, which leads to cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-3. This effect is also associated with increased formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH. Combination with other anticancer drugs (or signaling inhibitors) does not appear to increase the anti-tumor effect of camptothecin against SiHa cells, but rather may reduce it. Combination of camptothecin with other anticancer drugs does not seem to provide a benefit in the treatment of cervical and uterine cancer compared with camptothecin monotherapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.310-317
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This descriptive research was carried out to identify how high school students' attitude to death and their meaning of life were affected by hospice volunteering and death education. Methods: This study is based on a structured questionnaire designed for 180 high school students who were given death education while doing volunteer work at non-profit hospice hospitals and another 288 high school students not doing any hospice volunteer work. The collected data was processed by the SPSS 20.0 program and then analyzed by $x^2$ test, t-test and ANOVA test. Results: High school students' attitude to death and their meaning of life showed significant differences depending on whether or not they had volunteered at hospice hospitals. The group with hospice volunteering experience tended to be more negative about death and have a higher meaning of life compared to those without hospice volunteering experience. Students with proper hospice recognition made up 52.4%, those who expressed hopes to receive hospice-care themselves if necessary accounted for 70.5%, and those who said they would like to take care of their family members either at home or at a hospice center if any of them got incurably sick comprised 59.0%. Those who thought dignified death is to be with one's family or any other meaningful person were 47.6% and 18.5% of the students thought that 'thinking they had led a meaningful life' was the core of a dignified death. Conclusion: Given the above results, it became clear that hospice volunteering and death education can affect high school students' meaning of life and their attitudes toward death.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.47-64
• /
• 2010

This paper presents an analysis of death rituals in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The death rituals become social events as a family and society members help each other to organize a funeral, hold Koran recital, and manage fundraising for the events. In addition, such rituals are also part of religious and cultural teaching that should be conducted by its followers. The rituals change from time to time in terms of fundraising management and holding the ceremonies. This paper, therefore, observes the changes of the death rituals from being sacred to profane involving social parties in the events and views the events as socially formed rituals. There are also economic practices in celebrating the rituals, where people have to gather funds and manage manpower in the event.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.137-153
• /
• 1996

Through the classification of region and kinds of illness about the death of vagrants from 1906 to 1942, the results on the study of vagrants under the rule of Japanese imperialism are followings.1. The statistics about the death of vagrants from 1906 to 1912 have no coherence. So this study excludes that time.2. A mental disease as a cause of death of vagrants is 25.4%. It shows the highest ratio of all the other diseases.3. A mental, nervous disease among the cause of vagrants' death is 15%.4. On outbreak ration of mental disease is 26.7 times in men, 24.6 times in women higher, and on nervous disease 48.1 times in man, 48.9 times in woman higher than Japanese.5. Regional outbreak ratio is higher than Japan. The orders are Chonlabukdo, Chungcheongbukdo, Hwanghaedo, Kangwondo. The above results show that vagrants under the rule of Japanese imperialim is produced by cause of disease. The cause of vagrants' death is also related to social situation at that times. And it accord with the basis of documents. The relation between the death of vagrants and mental, nervous disease are considered to be studied in detailI.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.15-29
• /
• 2007

The purposes of this study were to examine if there is a relationship between elderly people's anxiety towards death and their reactions to the Star-Wave drawing, and to verify if the Star-Wave drawing was a good enough tool to measure elderly people's degree of death anxiety. The subject for this study were 307 elderly people (male 127, female 180) over 60 years of age with no physical and cognitive damage, who were residing in Geongsan city and attending colleges or welfare centers for the aged. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS WIN(ver. 12.0) program, and factor analysis, correlation analysis, Chi-square test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and $Scheff\acute{e}$ test were utilized. The results showed that factors showing different levels of anxiety towards death in the Star-Wave drawing were the total harmony of the drawing, drawing style, repetition of wave, size of the star, and location of the star. In particular, the group that drew the Star-Wave drawing with total harmony felt less anxiety towards death than the other group. Therefore, the results of this study suggested a possibility of the Star-Wave drawing to be used as a good tool that could diagnose the elderly's degree of anxiety towards death.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.84 no.1
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2021

Several clinical trials are being conducted worldwide to investigate the protective effect of the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against death in healthcare providers who are working directly with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Clinical studies suggested that certain live vaccines, particularly the BCG vaccine, could reduce the mortality due to other diseases caused by non-targeted pathogens, most probably through the nonspecific effects (heterologous effects). By the end of May 2020, the available information on the COVID-19 pandemic indicated the great effect of the BCG vaccine in reducing the number of COVID-19 death cases. The occurrence of death due to COVID-19 was found to be 21-fold lower in countries with a national BCG vaccination policy than in countries without such a policy, based on the medians of COVID-19 death case per 1 million of the population in these two groups of countries (p<0.001, Mann-Whitney test). Therefore, it can be concluded that the early establishment of a BCG vaccination policy in any country is a key element in reducing the number of COVID-19 and tuberculosis death cases.