• ALGAE
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2018

Cryptic species complexes are increasingly recognized in phycological research, obscuring taxonomy and raising questions about factors influencing speciation. A recent exploration of kelp genetic diversity on Haida Gwaii, British Columbia revealed the existence of a new species, Saccharina druehlii, which is cryptic with Saccharina sessilis. This suggests that molecular investigations further north may be required to elucidate the taxonomy and evolutionary history of this lineage. Although, for several decades, S. sessilis was considered a single highly variable species, its taxonomy has been far from straightforward. In particular, Hedophyllum subsessile (Areschoug) Setchell is now recognized as a synonym of S. sessilis in North America, but as a growth form of Saccharina bongardiana in Far East Russia. To resolve this taxonomic confusion, we sequenced mitochondrial (CO1-5P) and nuclear (internal transcribed spacer) markers of S. sessilis populations from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA. Interestingly, none of our sequences matched S. sessilis sensu stricto. Instead, CO1-5P sequences from populations in the central and eastern Aleutians matched exactly S. druehlii with increasing sequence divergence occurring westward. Samples from Attu, the western-most island, composed a genetic group that clearly represents Kjellman's concept of Hafgygia bongardiana f. subsessilis and is distinct enough from S. druehlii and S. sessilis to potentially constitute a distinct species. Therefore, Saccharina subsessilis comb. nov. is proposed for this entity. Our results suggest the existence of a species complex at the crown node of S. sessilis and thus further investigation of Saccharina in Alaskan waters should be conducted to reconstruct the evolutionary history of this fascinating lineage.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.575-590
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• 2003

연산과 회덕 지방에 있어서 16~17세기의 시기는 경판 생산과 사회적 관계망 확장단계(landscape phase)로 대변된다. 그 만큼 사회적으로 의도된 다양한 상징경관이 생산되던 시기로서, 혈연관계를 중심 매개로 했던 이전의 생태적 정착 단계와는 다른 지역 정체성을 구성해갔다. 15세기를 지나면서 이들 지역에서 수위 종족집단으로 부상한 광산김씨와 은진송씨는 "권력 과시형 경관"을 지역에 이식하면서 중앙에서 획득한 자신들의 권력을 지방에 과시하였고, 16세기부터는 지방민들을 포섭하기 위한 '시혜$.$교화형 경관"을 생산하면서 지역사회에 완전히 착근할 수 있었다. 광산김씨의 경우 후자에 해당하는 첫 번째 경관이 정회당이었고, 다음으로 양성당, 임리정이 생산되었다. 이러한 경관 창출은 순차적인 영역성 확대를 유도하였고, 영역성에 내포된 초기의 (pseudo-spatial) 성격은 보다 분명한 공간적 정초를 확립하면서 내실을 기해갔다. 이러한 경관 생산을 통해서 학문적 계보의식이 탄생하였고 그 계보의식은 일정한 지역적 범위를 향해서 확대, 심화될 수 있었다. 또 한가지 이 시기의 중요한 특징은 '시혜$.$교화형 경관'이 매개가 되어 연산의 광산 김씨와 회덕의 은진송씨가 사회$.$공간적으로 결합될 수 있었다는 점이다. 이들의 사회적 결합은 곧 공간적 영역의 통합을 의미하는 것이었다. '국지적'(local)규모의 수위 종족집단이 서로 결합함으로써 '지역적(regional)규모의 지역사회가 형성되었음을 말한다. 이와 같은 연산과 회덕의 공간적 통합과 확장된 영역성은 광산김씨와 은진송씨가 주체가 된 지역화과정의 산물이었다. 사회적으로 생산된 이 공간성(spatiality)의 탄생과정에는 학연 관계가 중요한 요인으로 작용하고 있지만, 통혼을 통한 혈연관계, 근거지의 지리적 인접성이라는 지연 관계가 복합적으로 작용하면서 연산$.$회덕권을 하나의 동일한 지역사회(community)로 만들어낸 것이다. 이렇게 출현한 공간적 영역과 지역 정체성은 오늘날가지 이 지방의 사회$.$공간적 의미를 구성하면서 중요한 층위로 존속하고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.616-627
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• 2014

The Lanyu is a miniature pig breed indigenous to Lanyu Island, Taiwan. It is distantly related to Asian and European pig breeds. It has been inbred to generate two breeds and crossed with Landrace and Duroc to produce two hybrids for laboratory use. Selecting sets of informative genetic markers to track the genetic qualities of laboratory animals and stud stock is an important function of genetic databases. For more than two decades, Lanyu derived breeds of common ancestry and crossbreeds have been used to examine the effectiveness of genetic marker selection and optimal approaches for individual assignment. In this paper, these pigs and the following breeds: Berkshire, Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire, Meishan and Taoyuan, TLRI Black Pig No. 1, and Kaohsiung Animal Propagation Station Black pig are studied to build a genetic reference database. Nineteen microsatellite markers (loci) provide information on genetic variation and differentiation among studied breeds. High differentiation index ($F_{ST}$) and Cavalli-Sforza chord distances give genetic differentiation among breeds, including Lanyu's inbred populations. Inbreeding values ($F_{IS}$) show that Lanyu and its derived inbred breeds have significant loss of heterozygosity. Individual assignment testing of 352 animals was done with different numbers of microsatellite markers in this study. The testing assigned 99% of the animals successfully into their correct reference populations based on 9 to 14 markers ranking D-scores, allelic number, expected heterozygosity ($H_E$) or $F_{ST}$, respectively. All miss-assigned individuals came from close lineage Lanyu breeds. To improve individual assignment among close lineage breeds, microsatellite markers selected from Lanyu populations with high polymorphic, heterozygosity, $F_{ST}$ and D-scores were used. Only 6 to 8 markers ranking $H_E$, $F_{ST}$ or allelic number were required to obtain 99% assignment accuracy. This result suggests empirical examination of assignment-error rates is required if discernible levels of co-ancestry exist. In the reference group, optimum assignment accuracy was achievable achieved through a combination of different markers by ranking the heterozygosity, $F_{ST}$ and allelic number of close lineage populations.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2006

Genetic diversity of 18 Acanthamoeba isolates from ocean sediments was evaluated by comparing mitochondrial (mt) DNA RFLP, 18S rDNA sequences and by examining their cytopathic effects on human corneal epithelial cells versus reference strains. All isolates belonged to morphologic group II. Total of 16 restriction phenotypes of mtDNA from 18 isolates demonstrated the genetic diversity of Acanthamoeba in ocean sediments. Phylogenetic analysis using 18s rDNA sequences revealed that the 18 isolates were distinct from morphological groups I and III. Fifteen isolates showed close relatedness with 17 clinical isolates and A. castellanii Castellani and formed a lineage equivalent to T4 genotype of Byers' group. Two reference strains from ocean sediment, A. hatchetti BH-2 and A. griffini S-7 clustered unequivocally with these 15 isolates. Diversity among isolates was also evident from their cytopathic effects on human corneal cells. This is the first time describing Acanthamoeba diversity in ocean sediments in Korea.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.565-568
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• 2008

Purpose: Bacterial degeneration of sweat and increased secretion of over developed apocrine sweat gland are known causes of osmidrosis. In addition, genetic inheritance must be another important cause, because there are high incidence rates of osmidrosis in familial members. But the research about genetic inheritance has been overlooked. For this reason we studied genetic inheritance in osmidrosis patients based on pedigree analysis. Methods: We have evaluated pedigree of 52 patients who have diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2003 to August 2007. For making pedigrees, we have evaluated 3 generations of affected lineage from osmidrosis patients. Family members having uncertain information or those who are before puberty are excluded. In pedigree analysis, inheritance rate and inheritance pattern from parents, prevalence rate in generations and sexual prevalence are evaluated. Results: In this study, we divided pedigrees into 3 different groups according to inheritance pattern. Group A is genetically unrelated pattern with no prevalence between familial members in 7 families. Group B is weakly expressed pattern with 17 families there are genetically related but no genetic patterns are founded. In group B inheritance rate is 34% and incidence rate is 21% in 2nd generation and 22% in 3rd generation. Group C is autosomal dominant pattern with 31 families. In group C, there are no differences in sexual prevalence. Incidence rate is 43% in 2nd generation and 49% in 3rd generation. Conclusion: In this study, we have studied pedigrees of 52 families of osmidrosis patients. 60% of the pedigrees shows autosomal dominant pattern, 33% shows genetically related but no definite autosomal dominant pattern and 7% shows genetically unrelated pattern. In Conclusion, This study can be basic data for future gene analysis study of osmidrosis.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2004

Background: As a potent antigen presenting cell and a powerful inducer of antigen specific immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) are being considered as a promising anti-tumor therapeutic module. The expected therapeutic effect of DCs in renal cell carcinoma was tested in the mouse model. Established late-stage tumor therapeutic (E-T) and minimal residual disease (MRD) model was considered in the in vivo experiments. Methods: Syngeneic renal cell carcinoma cells (RENCA) were inoculated either subcutaneously (E-T) or intravenously (MRD) into the Balb/c mouse. Tumor cell lysate pulsed-DCs were injected twice in two weeks. Intraperitoneal DC injection was started 3 week (E-T model) or one day (MRD model) after tumor cell inoculation. Two weeks after the final DC injection, the tumor growth and the systemic immunity were observed. Therapeutic DCs were cultured from the bone marrow myeloid lineage cells with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 7 days and pulsed with RENCA cell lysate for 18 hrs. Results: Compared to the saline treated group, tumor growth (E-T model) or formation (MRD model) was suppressed in pulsed-DC treated group. RENCA specific lymphocyte proliferation was observed in the RENCA tumor-bearing mice treated with pulsed-DCs. Primary cytotoxic T cell activity against RENCA cells was increased in pulsed-DC treated group. Conclusion: The data suggest the possible anti-tumor effect of cultured DCs in established or minimal residual disease/metastasis state of renal cell carcinoma. Systemic tumor specific immunity including cytotoxic T cell activity was modulated also in pulsed-DC treated group.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.329-338
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• 2006

자가사리 지역개체군의 분자계통 진화적 유연관계를 알아보기 위하여 미토콘드리아 cytochrome b 유전자 서열을 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 우리나라 자가사리 개체군은 크게 3개의 집단으로 구분되었다. 즉 조상형 자가사리 개체군에서 먼저 낙동강 집단(금호강, 덕천강, 경호강 개체군)이 분화되었으며 그 후 섬진강 집단(동진강, 섬진강, 영산강, 거금도 개체군)과 금강 집단으로 분화되었을 것으로 추정할 수 있었다. 그리고 자가사리 개체군 집단 사이의 염기서열 차이는 금강집단과 섬진강집단 사이의 50~53 bp (4.4~4.7%)에 비해서 금강 집단과 낙동강 집단 사이의 차이는 63~65 bp (5.5~5.7%), 그리고 낙동강 집단과 섬진강 집단 사이에서 58~63 bp (5.1~5.5%)를 나타내어서 금강 집단과 낙동강 집단 사이에서 가장 유전적인 차이가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 개체군 집단의 분화양상과 유전적인 다형은 수계 형성과 같은 지리적 변화 때문에 생기는 오랫동안의 유전적 격리에 의한 것으로 분화시기 추정결과 이들 개체군 집단들의 격리 시기는 적어도 빙하기 이전으로 거슬러 올라가는 것으로 생각된다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2002

We compared the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences of Korean and European cobitids to provide independent evidence for assessment of systematic and biogeographic relationships of species in the genus Cobitis. The data suggested monophyly of the genus Cobitis and the inclusion of Korean Cobitis species within the group having one lamina circularis, a primitive condition. Also, all the phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and neighbor joining methods showed a monophyletic relationship among Cobitis. The basal position of the Caspian C. cf. sibirica reported here reflects the eastern Asiatic origin cf. the European Cobitis and establishes C. cf. sibirica as an independent lineage. The Korean C. pacifica diverged next to C. cf. sibirica in basal group from the genus Cobitis. This result is in agreement with the hypothesized Asiatic origin of some European freshwater fish lineages. The phylogenetic relationships in this study showed a close affinity between C. zanadreai and C. sinensis. Two new species, C. tetralineata and C. pacifica in Korea also are closely related to monophyletic group clustering the type species of the Acanestrinia subgenus (C. elongata) with all the endemic Italian species (C. bilineata and C. zanandreai). This may suggest that the affinity between the Korean and Danubian-Italian imply genetic convergence or genetic plesiomorphic state between allopatric species that are separated for the Miocene. The mtDNA-based phylogeny for the species of the genus Cobitis from Kores and Europe permits phylogenetic assessment of the morphological transitions of Iamina circularis.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2005

Background: The anti-tumor therapeutic effect of autologous tumor cell lysate pulseddendritic cells (DCs) was studied for non-immunogenic and immune suppressive lung cancer model. To test the possibility as an adjuvant therapy, minimal residual disease model was considered in mouse in vivo experiments. Methods: Syngeneic 3LL lung cancer cells were inoculated intravenously into the C57BL/6 mouse. Autologous tumor cell (3LL) or allogeneic leukemia cell (WEHI-3) lysate pulsed-DCs were injected twice in two weeks. Intraperitoneal DC injection was started one day (MRD model) after tumor cell inoculation. Two weeks after the final DC injection, tumor formation in the lung and the tumor-specific systemic immunity were observed. Tumor-specific lymphocyte proliferation and the IFN-${\gamma}$ secretion were analyzed for the immune monitoring. Therapeutic DCs were cultured from the bone marrow myeloid lineage cells with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 7 days and pulsed with tumor cell lysate for 18 hrs. Results: Compared to the saline treated group, tumor formation was suppressed in 3LL tumor cell lysate pulsed-DC treated group, while 3LL-specific immune stimulation was minimum. WEHI-3-specific immune stimulation occurred in WEHI-3 lysate-pulsed DC treated group, which had no correlation with tumor regression. Conclusion: The data suggest the possible anti-tumor effect of cultured DCs as an adjuvant therapy for minimal residual disease state of lung cancer. The significance of immune modulation in DC therapy including the possible involvement of NK cell as well as antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell activity induction was discussed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.757-762
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• 2016

The group of Fe(III) oxide-reducing bacteria includes exoelectrogenic bacteria, and they possess similar properties of transferring electrons to extracellular insoluble-electron acceptors. The exoelectrogenic bacteria can use the anode in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as the terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic acetate oxidation. In the present study, the anodic community was compared with the community using Fe(III) oxide (ferrihydrite) as the electron acceptor coupled with acetate oxidation. To precisely analyze the structures, the community was established by enrichment cultures using the same inoculum used for the MFCs. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed considerable differences between the structure of the anodic communities and that of the Fe(III) oxide-reducing community. Geobacter species were predominantly detected (>46%) in the anodic communities. In contrast, Pseudomonas (70%) and Desulfosporosinus (16%) were predominant in the Fe(III) oxide-reducing community. These results demonstrated that Geobacter species are the most specialized among Fe(III)-reducing bacteria for electron transfer to the anode in MFCs. In addition, the present study indicates the presence of a novel lineage of bacteria in the genus Pseudomonas that highly prefers ferrihydrite as the terminal electron acceptor in acetate oxidation.