• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2011

Purpose: Head movement during brain perfusion SPECT (Diamox) scan is a one of important issues which decreases image quality. It also causes repeated scans. This study was designed to evaluate variable factors causing scan failures. Materials and Methods: 676 patients (359 men, 317 women, age average $54.5{\pm}18.4$) for brain perfusion SPECT (Diamox) scan from March, 2010 to Feb. 2011 were used as a subject. Age data and the kind of disease(Moyamoya disease (MMD), None moyamoya disease (NMMD), Cerebral infarction (CI)), test performance outcome (success,failure) were collected. The head movement factors(gender, disease, age, head fixation device) were evaluated by chi-square test and logistic regression analysis Results: The result showed that men had higher scan failure rate than women. Seniors in seventies(men 3.4%, women 1.5%) showed the most highest failure rate. Using head fixation device increased scan success rate up to 94.4~97.7%. The scan success rate is dependent upon gender, head fixation device by chi-square test(${\chi}^2$=3.8 (df=1, p<0.05), ${\chi}^2$=10.4 (df=1, p<0.001)) Gender, disease(CI), head fixation device showed very effective result in logistic regression analysis.(Wald=3.3 (p<0.07), Wald=3.7 (p<0.05), Wald=9.3 (p<0.05) Conclusion: It is demonstrated that gender, disease, using head fixation device is statistically very useful factors. Especially, head fixation device is a main key minimizing repeated scan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.1165-1171
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• 2015

In this study, we examined the effects of cultivation adaptability and product quality of aronia (fruit of Aronia melanocarpa) cultivated in various domestic regions. Extracts of aronia cultivated in various domestic regions and Poland were measured for their total sugar contents, acidities, total polyphenol contents, anthocyanin contents, and antioxidant activities using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Our results showed that aronia extracts from the two countries had similar sugar contents, acidities, and anthocyanin contents. Anthocyanin is an important functional component of Aronia melanocarpa. Extracts of aronia from the two countries contained cyanidin-3-galactoside (65.5~69.1%) as the major anthocyanin compound. Aronia cultivated in C region showed higher polyphenol content (121.5%) than Poland aronia and we measured of antioxidant activities by DPPH ($IC_{50}$) and FRAP assay. Aronia cultivated in C region showed the highest antioxidant activity and polyphenol contents. Cultivation conditions of C region had sufficient sunshine and soil with pH of 6.5. From the above results, Korean aronia had similar activities with Poland aronia, which suggests that it can be a new potential development source and high technological foods.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.424-431
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• 2013

Consumption of waxy corn is steadily increasing due to consumer preference for natural food. However, availability of waxy corn is limited because most of them are used for steamed waxy corn. It is therefore important to create new demands of waxy corn using food processing technology. There is little prior research about characteristics of milled kernel in waxy corn. This study examined the physicochemical and cooking properties of milled kernel using nine waxy corn hybrids. Colored hybrids (Heukjinju, Miheukchal, and Eolrukchal1) showed high milling yield and low change of grain length after milling process compared to other hybrids. The total starch content ranged from 62.1 to 68.4% and the gelatinization temperature of starch was lowest in Yeonnong1 ($69.9^{\circ}C$). The breakdown viscosity of Yeonnong1, Miheukchal and Heukjinju was higher than those of tested hybrids, whereas setback viscosity of those hybrids was lower. In cooking properties of milled waxy corn, water absorption and volume expansion rate were high in Yeonnong2 (84.9, 219.3%), Miheukchal (85.9, 211.4%), and Heukjinju (80.9, 203.7%). In the sensory test, the overall preference was significantly higher in Heukjinju and Miheukchal. Thus, Heukjinju, Yeonnong2, and Miheukchal showed good scores in milling yield, cooking properties, and the preference of sensory test. These results will provide fundamental information to extend milled waxy corns usage.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

Objectives: In this study, we analyzed vision statements of the 6th community health plan of local government in Korea. Methods: We examined vision statements letters, missions and strategy plans, and long-term missions of 6th community health plans of 229 local government in Korea. We also analyzed the numbers of vision letters, sentence examination, word frequency, each vision statement with frequency analysis, chi-square test, and one-way ANOVA. Results: Among 229 local government, 172(75.1%) of local government had the number of letters (Korean) less than 17 of vision statements, and there were a significant differences according to type of community health centers (p<0.05). Figuration (37.1%) were the most used in an expression of vision statement sentence, and special characters (43.2%) were the most used language except Korean. The most commonly used words of vision statement in order of frequency were 'health', 'happiness', 'with', 'citizen', 'city', '100 years old' etc. Chungcheong provinces and Daejeon metropolitan city had a highest score in directionality on phrase evaluation, and there were a significant differences according to regional classes of local government (p<0.01). Gyeongsang provinces, Ulsan, Daegu, and Busan metropolitan cities had a highest score in future orientation and sharing possibilities on phrase evaluation, and there were a significant differences according to regional classes of local government (p<0.01). Conclusions: Vision is one of the most important component of community health plan. We need more detailed 'vision statement guideline' and the community health care centers of local government should effort to make more clear and complete their vision.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.230-238
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• 2020

Carcass traits are the most economically important traits in Hanwoo (Korean cattle). Recently, the development of the field of genomics has made it possible to identify DNA markers for the genetic evaluation of carcass and meat quality traits in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic effects of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers related to carcass traits by field evaluations in a commercial Hanwoo population. We evaluated 15 SNP markers (TG g.371T>C, APM1 g.1454G>A, FABP4 g.2834C>G, FABP4 g.3533T>A, FABP4 g.3691G>A, SCD g.10153A>G, SCD g.10329T >C, CPE g.601T>C, EDG1 g.166A>G, NPY g.4271T>C, GPD1 g.2766C>T, PDE1B g.17122A>G, PDE1B g.17507A>C, TNNT1 g.6650C>T, and RORC g.20152A>G) related to carcass traits in Hanwoo. Genotyping of these SNP markers was performed using PCR-RFLP analysis in Hanwoo steers (n = 1,536) to evaluate their association with carcass traits. Seven SNPs, APM1 g.1454G>, FABP4 g.3691G>A, SCD g.10153A>G, CPE g.601T>C, PDE1B g.17122A>G, TNNT1 g.6650C>T, and RORC g.20152A>G, were significantly associated with carcass traits such as marbling score (MS), backfat thickness (BF), musculus longissimus dorsi area (LDA), carcass weight (CW), meat grade (MG), meat color (MC), and maturity score (MA). The results suggest that these SNPs may be used as DNA markers for the selection of Hanwoo with higher meat quality.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.130-150
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• 2018

Technology valuation refers to the act, procedures, or techniques in evaluating certain technology and its value for commercialization. For this purpose, deadlines and process plans are established based on valuation goals such as technology transfer, investment and financing, investment in kind, and strategy establishment. The technology valuation process involves analyzing and evaluating technology performance, rights, marketability, and business value technology, as well as calculating the monetary value of technology modules based on the results. Analysis and evaluation of each module is performed by a team of experts having knowledge of specific technology. Valuation of technologies is conducted as independent projects by project managers (PM) who integrate and manage modules; they must have expertise in systematic performance of task support and management to ensure objectivity and reliability. Furthermore, the valuation team comprises expert stakeholders having knowledge about each module due to the nature of technology valuation. For smooth knowledge sharing in technology and valuation procedures, communication skills and roles of PMs supporting and managing the valuation are important. Primarily, PMs must resolve conflicts between evaluators participating in different tasks, evaluators and evaluatees, and technology holders and receivers. This study examines technology valuation for four conflicts occurring frequently among stakeholders providing valuation support to PMs, and seeks resolutions. The conflicts and resolutions discussed in this study may lead to more specialized roles of PMs in technology valuation and project management, as well as systemized valuation support and management plans.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze genetic mutations, clinical manifestations, and treatment of patients with benign HPA in Korea. Methods: This case series study involved ten HPA patients who were referred to our hospital because of high phenylalanine concentration. We investigated their demographic features, clinical manifestations, and mutations of the PAH gene through direct DNA sequencing. Results: Among ten patients with benign HPA, two pairs of patients were related (father-daughter, mother-daughter relationship) cases, and all of them showed no specific clinical manifestations or notable past history. Their plasma phenylalanine levels ranged between 1.2 and 4.2 mg/dL. In the tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) loading test, all patients were nonresponsive to BH4. In the confirmation test of PAH mutation analysis, we identified eleven different alleles out of twelve. The most common allele was R53H (c.158G> A). In addition, two novel PAH gene mutations, V423A (c.1268T>C) and V51A (c.152T>C), were identified. Although the patients did not receive any pharmacologic treatment or continuous phenylalanine restriction dietary therapy, their neurocognitive development was normal. Moreover, on serial outpatient follow-up tests, all patients maintained phenylalanine levels below 6 mg/dL. Conclusion: This study is the first in Korea to analyze benign HPA patients. All patients with benign HPA could maintain phenylalanine levels below 6 mg/dL with normal neurocognitive development, without continuous therapy. Therefore, performing mutation analysis and distinguishing benign HPA from phenylketonuria (PKU) are important to help improve life quality in patients with benign HPA by avoiding unnecessary lifelong therapy.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.311-319
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• 2009

Objective: Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have the capacity to differentiate into all of the cell types and therefore hold promise for cell therapeutic applications. In order to utilize this important potential of hESCs, enhancement of currently used technologies for handling and manipulating the cells is required. The cryopreservation of hESC colonies was successfully performed using the vitrification and slow freezing-rapid thawing method. However, most of the hESC colonies were showed extremely spontaneous differentiation after freezing and thawing. In this study, we were performed to rapidly collect of early passage hESCs, which was thawed and had high rate of spontaneously differentiation of SNUhES11 cell line. Methods: Four days after plating, partially spontaneously differentiated parts of hESC colony were cut off using finely drawn-out dissecting pipette, which is mechanical separation method. Results: After separating of spontaneously differentiated cells, we observed that removed parts were recovered by undifferentiated cells. Furthermore, mechanical separation method was more efficient for hESCs expansion after thawing when we repeated this method. The recovery rate after removing differentiated parts of hESC colonies were 55.0%, 74.5%, and 71.1% when we have applied this method to three passages. Conclusion: Mechanical separation method is highly effective for rapidly collecting and large volumes of undifferentiated cells after thawing of cryopreserved early passage hESCs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.2 s.75
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• pp.315-322
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• 2006

FS11052, a novel microbial metabolite from Streptomyces spp. was identified as a small molecular substance and shown inhibition activities for the release of neurotransmitter from rat hippocampal neuron and PC12 cells. FS11052 is an inhibitor of tritiated norepinephrine ($[^3H]-NE$) release in high $K^+$ buffer solution containing ionomycin, indicating that FS11052 inhibits neurotransmitter release after the influx of $Ca^{2+}$ ions. When examined the effect of FS11052 on glucuronidase release from guinea pig neutrophils, FS11052 inhibited glucuronidase release: when treated with $5{\mu}g/ml$ of FS11052, which was not induced cellular cytotoxicity. The fact that the glucuronidase release in neutrophil and norepinephrine release in neuron was inhibited suggests the similarity in the locations and the mechanisms of FS11052 action targets. When treated with $5{\mu}g/ml$ of FS11052, $[^3H]-NE$ release and neurite extension for both rat hippocampal neurons and PC12 cells were prevented. These observations of FS11052 functioning as an inhibitor of neurotransmitter release suggest that FS11052 has an important role in synaptic transmission in neuron.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.267-276
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• 2005

Background : The transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$) plays a key role in lung fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in $TGF-{\beta}1$-induced lung fibrosis are unclear. $TGF-{\beta}1$ is the key inducer of myofibroblast transdifferentiation via de novo synthesis of ${\alpha}-smooth$ muscle actin (${\alpha}-SMA$). Since $TGF-{\beta}1$ signals through reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS have been shown to induce accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in various tissues, this study examined if ROS play a role in $TGF-{\beta}1$-induced fibronectin secretion and ${\alpha}-SMA$ expression in human lung fibroblasts, MRC-5 cells. Methods : Growth arrested and synchronized MRC-5 cells were stimulated with $TGF-{\beta}1$ (0.2-10 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) for up to 96 hours. Dichlorofluorescein (DCF)-sensitive cellular ROS were measured by FACScan and secreted fibronectin and cellular ${\alpha}-SMA$ by Western blot analysis. Results : $TGF-{\beta}1$ increased the level of fibronectin secretion and ${\alpha}-SMA$ expression in MRC-5 cells in a dosedependent manner. Both NAC (20 and 30 mM) and DPI (1 and $5{\mu}M$) significantly inhibited $TGF-{\beta}1$-induced fibronectin and ${\alpha}-SMA$ upregulation. The $TGF-{\beta}1$-induced cellular ROS level was also significantly reduced by NAC and DPI. Conclusions : The results suggest that NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS play an important role in $TGF-{\beta}1$-induced fibronectin secretion and ${\alpha}-SMA$ expression in MRC-5 cells, which leads to myofibroblast transdifferentiation and progressive lung fibrosis.