• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.313-322
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• 2018

Objectives: Wild ginseng pharmacopuncture is widely used in oriental medicine. However, there is no standard method for efficiently extracting the active ingredient. In this study, in order to determine an efficient extraction method, wild ginseng was extracted by the distillation and 70% ethanol reflux methods, respectively. In comparing each extract, the index compounds were analyzed, and antioxidant activity was measured. Methods: The index compounds, ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Rb1, were detected using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidative activities of total phenolic compounds, DPPH (${\alpha}$, ${\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) were measured to compare their bioactivities. Since saponin is known to be hemolytic, the hemolytic activity of each extract was compared. Results: The index compounds were analyzed. Nothing was detected in the wild ginseng distilled extracts (WGDE). In the wild ginseng 70% ethanol reflux extracts (WGEE), ginsenoside Rg1 was 3.66 mg/g, and ginsenoside Rb1 was 16.70 mg/g. WGEE showed higher levels than WGDE in all antioxidative activities. In the hemolytic test, the extracts showed almost no toxicity, but WGEE showed lower toxicity than WGDE. Conclusions: In this study, it was concluded that WGEE is more advantageous than WGDE in the detection of index compounds and bioactivity. However, additional studies of additional extraction methods and other bioactivity tests are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2001

아세틸화 목재를 부후균에 노출시켜 laccase의 생성을 액체배양기와 고체배양기상에서 검토하고 $^{13}C$-CP/MAS NMR 분석을 통하여 목재 내 화학성분의 변화와 치환 도입된 아세틸기의 변화를 검토하여 보았다. 액체배양기상에서 laccase의 활성은 glucose를 탄소원으로 할 때 보다 높게 나타났으며, 고체배양기상에서는 laccase 의 활성이 원활히 이루어지지 않았다. $^{13}C$-CP/MAS NMR의 분석 결과 리그닌 뿐만 아니라 셀룰로오스부분에서도 아세틸화가 이루어 졌음을 알 수 있었다. 부후된 아세틸화 목재의 분석 결과, 아세틸기의 목재내 결합이 목재 부후균 T. versicolor에 대해서 안정적이었다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2020

Objectives Danggwisoo-san and Jakyakgamcho-tang are frequently prescribed for traffic accident patients in Korea. The aim of this study was to examine index compound analysis, antioxidant activity and amount of starch measurement by extraction method. Methods Danggwisoo-san and Jakyakgamcho-tang were extracted with water and 70% ethanol. Antioxidant activity was measured by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and ferric reducing antioxidant power according to the standard protocol. The contents of the indicator components nodakenin, paeoniflorin, and glycyrrhizin were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. All starches were hydrolyzed and then total D-glucose was measured and compared. Results Antioxidant activity was excellent in 70% ethanol in all assays. The index component was jagged because its solubility was different depending on the extraction solvent. Starch content was significantly lower in 70% alcohol extract than water extract. Conclusions The results of this study showed that physiological activities and components are different according to extraction conditions. Each herbal medicine has a suitable extraction solvent. Also, the difference in starch content is an object to be considered as it may affect digestion and absorption.

• 생약학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2013

We investigated the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of the methanol extracts from Korean folk plants (MKs) in Chungcheong Province. Among 30 MKs, 16 plants at $100{\mu}g/ml$ showed over 90% scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) and 30 plants exerted the hydroxyl radical scavenging effect over 55%. Fourteen plants at the concentration $50{\mu}g/30{\mu}l$ showed strong microbial inhibition activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with clear zone greater than 11 mm in disc assays. Furthermore, the protective effect against anti-inflammatory system using RAW 264.7 macrophage cell was also studied. The treatment of LPS & INF-${\gamma}$ to RAW 264.7 cell induced nitric oxide (NO), however inhibit the formation of NO less than 50% of 5 plants. The present result indicates that the 30 species of MKs exerts protective effect of oxidative stress, antimicrobial activities and anti-inflammatory. In particular, Rhus javanica and Cornus controversa showed stronger effect on not only radical scavenging activity and inhibits growth of S. aureus but also highest protective effects from inflammation.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.899-904
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• 2022

본 세계적으로 출생률이 줄고 기대 수명이 늘어나 고령화 사회가 되어감에 따라 고령 인구의 건강 관리를 위한 시스템이 필요하다. 그 중 실내 건강 관리를 위한 스마트 홈 캐어 서비스를 위해서는 재실 여부 및 활동 유형에 관한 다양한 연구가 수행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 스마트 홈 캐어 서비스를 위해 실내 온습도, CO2, 미세먼지 값과UWB 레이더 측위를 통해 재실 여부 뿐만 아니라 활동 유형을 분류하는 랜덤 포레스트 모델을 제안한다. 실험은 실내 온습도, CO2, 미세먼지를 측정하는 센서 3개와 UWB Radar 2개를 사용하여 2초 간격으로 실내 환경 및 재실자의 측위 데이터를 측정한다. 측정된 데이터는 이상치와 결측치를 보정 처리한 후 80%의 트레이닝 셋 데이터와 20%의 테스트 셋 데이터로 이분하며 랜덤 포레스트 모델을 적용하여 중요도 상위 변수 목록, 정확도, 민감도, 특이도, T1 스코어를 평가한다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.255-258
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• 2020

Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which is transmitted by Monochamus alternatus and M. saltuarius, is a serious threat to coniferous forests in the Northern Hemisphere, including Korea. The efficacy of abamectin and emamectin benzoate for preventing the PWD in the field and its effect on the vectors Monochamus alternatus and M. saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) were evaluated. An experimental plot was delimited, of which consists of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) forest in South Korea, and trunk injection trials were made with abamectin and emamectin benzoate. Branches of each tree were collected, and are subsequently subjected to the analysis of residues for both nematicides. Results obtained in this study showed that abamectin and emamectin benzoate showed over 90% mortality at the recommended concentration after 6 days and 8 days, respectively. Consequently, it was found that both insecticides have a higher effect on the susceptibility and persistence of two vectors of PWD, M. alternatus and M. saltuarius feeding on branches of the trees, and its application by trunk injection is confirmed as an option for pine wilt disease management programs in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.12-30
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• 2022

Many studies on plant extracts have been reported for the treatment of candidiasis caused by Candida albicans, a representative fungal infection. This study demonstrates the synergistic antifungal activity of the combination of Phellodendri Cortex and Magnoliae Cortex, previously reported to have antifungal efficacy. Considering the antifungal efficacy and the separation of the active constituents, berberine and magnolol, hot water extraction and carbon dioxide supercritical extraction were selected for Phellodendri Cortex and Magnoliae Cortex, respectively. A combination of 0.55 g/L hot water extract of Phellodendri Cortex and 0.59 g/L carbon dioxide supercritical extract of Magnoliae Cortex showed synergistic antifungal activity. The synergistic antifungal activity of 160 μM berberine and 100 μM magnolol, which are representative antifungal compounds of Phellodendri Cortex and Magnoliae Cortex, respectively, contributes to the synergistic antifungal effect of their extracts. The additive decrease in cellular ergosterol level and the increased antifungal efficacy by extracellular ergosterol suggest that disruption of the biological function of ergosterol in the cell membrane is not responsible for the synergistic antifungal activity of berberine and magnolol. Synergistic cellular release of chromosomal DNA upon mixing berberine and magnolol indicates that disruption of the cellular structure is responsible for the synergistic antifungal effect of berberine and magnolol.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1568-1572
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• 2007

To develop a natural fungicide against Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, a total of 25 essential oils were tested for their fumigant activity against post-harvest pathogens. The vaporous phases of oils were treated to each fungus on potato dextrose agar medium in half-plate separated Petri plates at $10\;{\mu}g$ per plate. The essential oil of Illicium verum strongly inhibited the mycelial growth of both B. cinerea and C. gloeosporioides by over 90%. On the other hand, the essential oil of Schizonepeta tenuifolia showed inhibitory activity against mycelial growth of only B. cinerea by over 90%. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and bioassay indicated trans-anethole in I. verum and menthone in S. tenuifolia as a major antifungal constituent. The essential oils of I. verum and S. tenuifolia and their major constituents could be used to manage post-harvest diseases caused by B. cinerea and C. gloeosporioides.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2007

음나무의 새로운 용도 개발을 위하여 다양한 항산화 측정법을 이용하여 생리활성을 측정하였다. 즉, 음나무 수피 및 근피의 온수 추출물과 메탄올 추출물에 대한 세포 내 활성산소 농도를 측정하여 세포수준에서의 산화 스트레스 억제효과를 측정하였으며, DPPH법 및 NBT법을 이용하여 각 추출물의 화학적인 측면에서의 항산화력을 측정하여 이들 간의 차이를 비교하였다. NR assay와 MTT assay에 의해 측정한 세포독성 실험결과, 음나무 근피의 메탄올 추출물의 세포독성이 가장 강했으며, 50%의 세포 생존율을 나타내는 NR50과 MTT50은 각각 0.0018%와 0.0029%였다. 산화 스트레스 억제효과는 근피의 불용성 온수 추출물이 15분 처리에서 57.9%로 가장 우수하였다. DPPH법과 NBT법을 이용한 음나무 추출물에 대한 항산화 활성 측정결과, 각각 수피의 메탄올 추출물이 96% (0.1% 농도)이고, 수피의 불용성 온수 추출물이 95% (0.5% 농도)를 나타내어 우수한 항산화 활성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2000

산뽕나무 심재추출물 중 다량으로 분리된 stilbenoid인 oxyresveratrol, resveratrol과 이들의 구조유사체를 합성하여 항균 및 항산화활성을 측정하고 화학구조와의 상관관계를 검토하였다. 항균활성은 진균에 대해서는 배지점적법으로, 세균에 대해서는 탁도측정법으로, 그리고 항산화활성은 지질산화억제율과 프리라디칼 소거능을 이용하여 검정하였다. 그 결과, 진균 및 세균에 대한 항균활성은 resveratrol이 oxyresveratrol보다 우수하였으며, 항산화활성은 oxyresveratrol이 resveratrol보다 우수하였다. 또한, Wittig 반응으로 합성한 6종의 stilbenoid의 항균활성은 B-ring의 수산기가 적을수록 활성이 높은 경향을 나타내어. 3,5-dihydroxystilbene (pinosylvin)과 같이 B-ring에 수산기가 없는 경우에 가장 높은 활성을 보였으며, trans type이 cis type보다 활성이 높았다. 그러나, 항산화활성은 B-ring의 수산기가 많을수록 활성이 높았으며, B-ring의 수산기가 ortho-diphenol 구조를 가지는 stilbenoid가 활성이 가장 높아, 2',3,3',5-와 3,3',4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene(piceatannol) 의 경우, 합성항산화제인 BHT보다는 높고 천연항산화제인 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol과는 동등한 효능을 보였다. 이상의 결과, 산뽕나무 심재로부터 단리된 resveratrol과 oxyresveratrol은 항균 및 높은 항산화활성을 가지는 것으로 판명되었으며, B-ring의 수산기의 수와 치환위치가 활성에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 판명되었다.