• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.28-39
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the conceptions about altitude of the Sun of elementary students according to differences by the spatial ability. In this study through the qualitative analysis, 4 students who were similar understanding levels of concepts to altitude of the Sun and differences by the spatial ability were selected out of 75 in 6th grade elementary located in Sunchang, Jellabuk-do Province. 4 students for the qualitative analysis were selected by the test instrument of spatial ability and altitude of the Sun. The results of study was students with higher spatial ability were higher understanding levels of concepts to altitude of the Sun. However, both of student with higher and lower spatial ability showed a false concept to the expanded concepts into outer space like a cause of seasonal change, change of altitude of the Sun by latitude unlike the intution. Students with lower spatial ability didn't form the scientific concepts, not only a cause of seasonal change and change of altitude of the Sun but also difference of energy density by altitude of the Sun. A student of two with lower spatial ability has been impediment strongly to form the scientific concept by the false concepts to the distance. The findings were as follows; Learning to altitude of the Sun regardless of the difference of spatial ability should be learned to interact to the intution, celestial movement and model experiment. To students with lower spatial ability should be developed teaching methods to understand the relation between the Sun and celestial movement.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.371-377
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of utilizing concept maps in a rock-related unit. To do this, two groups composed of 73 sixth grade students engaged in this study. One group (experimental group) participated in utilizing concept maps in the unit, the other (control group) took part in traditional instruction in the same unit. The results of this study are as follows, after seventeen sessions: First, the achievement between the two groups showed significant difference. It indicates that utilizing concept maps as an instructional method is effective. Second, in the examination of the experimental group's attitudes toward concept maps, the students showed more affirmative responses on cognitive items than on affective items. Third, the students showed that they have difficulty in the method and the procedure of drawing up the concept maps. It indicates that the method and the procedure are sufficiently learned before instruction begins.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

This study examined the effects of academic self-concept (internal factor) and maternal parenting behaviors (external factor) on academic delay of gratification (ADOG). Additionally, models predicting ADOG were compared between Korean and Malaysian children. The participants of this study were 100 Korean third graders and their mothers, and 100 Malaysian third graders and their mothers. The children completed the modified versions of the Academic Delay of Gratification Scale for Children, and Academic Self-Concept Questionnaire. The mothers completed the Parenting Attitude Test. Pearson's correlation tests, independent t-tests, and multiple regression analyses were conducted to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that Korean children reported higher ADOG and academic self-concept scores than that of Malaysian children. Moreover, academic self-concept was found to have a significant positive effect on ADOG among both Korean and Malaysian children. There was no significant gender difference in ADOG for both Korean and Malaysian children. However, the effects of maternal parenting behaviors on ADOG were only detected among the Malaysian children, particularly on Achievement Press. That is, only for the Malaysian children, maternal pressure about academic achievement was found to have a significant positive effect on ADOG. In conclusion, only academic self-concept was found to be a significant predictor explaining the variance in ADOG among Korean children. On the other hand, academic self-concept and maternal parenting behaviors were shown as significant predictors explaining the variance in ADOG among Malaysian children.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate children's liquid conservation concept according to their ages and task-situations in the water evaporation phenomenon. Thirty from each 4-, 6- and 8-year-old age groups (total of 90 subjects) were selected for this study. The subjects were recruited from two day-care centers, a kindergarten, and an elementary school, in Seoul. Statistical methods used for data analysis were frequencies, percentiles, means, standard deviations and repeated measures ANOVA. As a result, there was a significant difference in children's liquid conservation concept in the evaporation of water according to their ages and task-situations. 8-year-old children showed levels of cognition than 4- and 6-year-olds. Children showed higher levels of cognition in the task of drying than in the task of water level changes.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.405-414
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of parent- adolescent communication on self-concept and problem behavior of adolescents. Method: The participants in this study were 480 students from middle schools in Daejeon City. Data were collected from May 19 to 30, 2008 and analyzed using SPSS WIN 14.0 version. Result: The mean scores for communication with fathers and mothers were 2.98 and 3.35 respectively and for self-concept, 2.80. The highest reported percentage for problem behavior over the past year were going to the noraebang (Karoki) or videobang (PC Cafe) (78.6%). Significant differences were found for the influence of parent-adolescent communication on self-concept and problem behavior. Communication with fathers and with mothers was positive correlated (r=.365, p<.001). The difference in self-concept for communication with fathers was F=60.40, p<.001, and with mothers, F=51.74, p<.001 and for problem behavior, for communication with fathers, F=3.33, p<.05, and with mothers, F=10.05, p<.001. For self-concept and communication with fathers the correlation was r=.512, p<.001, with mothers, r=.453, p<.001 There was a negative correlation between self-concept and problem behavior(r=-.248, p<.001). Conclusion: This results suggest that practical parent-adolescent communication programs should be developed and applied to bolster communication of adolescents with their parents.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.557-579
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to find out the problems which are caused when the limit concept of sequences is learned through an intuitive definition and to suggest a way of solving those problems. Students in Korea study the limit concept of sequences through an intuitive definition. They fail to apply the intuitive definition properly to the problems and they are apt to have misconception even though the Intuitive definition is applied properly. To solve these problems, this study examined the develop- mental process of the limit concept of sequences from the Intuitive definition to the formal definition, and looked into the way of students' internalization of the process through a field study. In this study, the levels of the limit concept of sequences possessed by the students at ZPD are as follows; level 0 : Students understand the limit concept of sequences through the intuitive definition. level 1 : Students understand the limit concept of sequences as 'The difference between $\alpha$$_{n}$ and $\alpha$ approaches 0' rather than 'The sequence approaches $\alpha$ infinitely.' level 2 : Students understand the limit concept of sequences through the formal definition. The levels of students' limit concept development were analysed by those criteria. Almost of the students who studied the limit concept of sequences through the intuitive defition stayed at level 0, whereas almost of the students who studied through the formal definition stayed at level 1. Through the study, I found that it was difficult for the students to develop the higher level of understanding for themselves but the teachers and peers could help the students to progress to the higher level. Students' learning ability was one of major factors that make the students progress to the higher level of understanding as the concept was developed hierarchically from Level 0 to Level 2. If you want to see your students get to the higher level of understanding in the limit concept, you need to facilitate them to fully develop understanding in lower levels through enough experiences so that they can be promoted to the highest level.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.607-619
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of concept understanding on the stratum for elementary school students. For this objective, questions on the stratum concept were developed, and concept survey was conducted for random sampling of $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ grade 536 students. As a result, students chosen correct answers of the average 57.4% for 16 questions. Below the average rate of correct answers in each domain were 1 question in the definition of the stratum, 3 questions in formation of the stratum, and 4 questions in features of the stratum. Especially, the percentage of correct answers were appeared in lowly that the difference between the visible side and non visible side on the stratum, the definition and formation process of a fault and the main cause of the stratum's exposure. Also, between the residence, grade, and gender of students, there were significant differences in 2 questions, 7 questions, and 1 questions, respectively. Therefore, many elementary school students do not have high understanding about the stratum concept. Through the results of this study, it can be contributed to find an efficient ways as a basic data for modify misconceptions of the stratum to the scientific concept.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.925-936
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of the adolescents' self-concept, communication, and conflict with parents, and to examine relationship between adolescents' conflict and their communication. This study also investigated the effect of the conflict and the communication on their self-concept. 179 second graders of 3 middle schools and 182 6th graders of 2 elementary schools of East Jeonnam were selected as the subjects. The questionnaires for the communication and the conflict between the adolescents and the parents and the self-concept inventory were used. The data were analyzed by regression analysis, t-test, paired-t-test, one way ANOVA and Duncan analysis. First, mother was better than father in the communication with the adolescent. The conflicts with the parents were as shown below in order; the homework, school record, sibling relationship, playing computer games, etc.. The adolescents' self-concept was above the median. Second, the adolescents' conflicts and communications with parents were negatively correlated. Third, there was a difference in the adolescents' self-concept according to the conflict with the parents. Fourth, the adolescents' self-identity was influenced by the communication with the parents. Their self-acceptance was highly influenced by the conflict and the communication with the parents. Their self-behavior was influenced by the communication with the parents.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.614-627
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationships between self-concept and cosmetic benefits sought, to disclose the differences in the benefits according to demographic variables and cosmetic purchase behavior, and to examine how cosmetic benefits were influenced by self-concept and demographic variables of women. Subjects were 453 women in age from 18 to 55 years in Seoul. Four dimensions of cosmetic benefits of women were derived by factor analysis :＇brand orientation＇, ＇fashion＇, ＇economies＇, and ＇functional efficiency＇, Cosmetic benefit was influenced most by family self-concept, and self-concept was influenced most by benefit of economics, next by functional efficiency, and fashion. Brand orientation, fashion, and economics showed significant differences according to marital status. The higher the income, the higher the score on brand orientation, fashion, and functional efficiency. There were significant differences in brand orientation, fashion, and economics according to cosmetic purchase expense, the number of purchase times, and stores, while functional efficiency showed no significant difference depending upon the number of cosmetic purchase times. Brand orientation was influenced by marital status, income, and physical self, fashion influenced by age(-), physical self, income, and family self(-). Economics was influenced by family self(-) and marital status(-). The present findings provided that self-concept such as physical self and family self is significant variables to understand the cosmetic benefits sought.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.99-122
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of a career education program during a discretional activity class in elementary school. It established the following questions to achieve the objectives. First, does a career education program In a discretional activity class have an effect on elementary schooler's career maturity? Second, does a career education program in a discretional activity class make an influence on elementary schooler's self-concept? To settle these subjects, it assigned two classes in 5th grade of A elementary school, city of Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, experiment group and control group. It was applied the experiment group a career education program. As for measurement, it was used career maturity level test for elementary and middle schoolers' and 'the self-concept diagnostic test'. It was examined career maturity and self-concept of the groups through the pre-test post-test, applying cross-tabulation analysis to career choices pattern and t-test to career maturity level and self-concept. The results were as follows: First, students of experiment group showed meaningful differences in career choice pattern, career choice attitude, and career choosing skills compared to control group, and that presented a career education program made a positive impact on elementary schooler's career maturity. Second, it showed that there was a significant difference in self-concept, showing students of experiment group took better place. it is believed that a career education program had a potent influence on the self-concept of elementary students.