• 대한수학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.991-1018
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• 2006

Hypermaps are cellular embeddings of hypergraphs in compact and connected surfaces, and are a generalisation of maps, that is, 2-cellular decompositions of closed surfaces. There is a well known correspondence between hypermaps and co-compact subgroups of the free product $\Delta=C_2*C_2*C_2$. In this correspondence, hypermaps correspond to conjugacy classes of subgroups of $\Delta$, and hypermap coverings to subgroup inclusions. Towards the end of [9] the authors studied regular hypermaps with extra symmetries, namely, G-symmetric regular hypermaps for any subgroup G of the outer automorphism Out$(\Delta)$ of the triangle group $\Delta$. This can be viewed as an extension of the theory of regularity. In this paper we move in the opposite direction and restrict regularity to normal subgroups $\Theta$ of $\Delta$ of finite index. This generalises the notion of regularity to some non-regular objects.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2000

We show that the intersection of two standard torus knots of type (${\lambda}_1$, ${\lambda}_2$) and (${\beta}_1$, ${\beta}_2$) induces an automorphism of the cyclic group ${\mathbb{Z}}_d$, where d is the intersection number of the two torus knots and give an elementary proof of the fact that all non-trivial torus knots are strongly invertiable knots. We also show that the intersection of two standard knots on the 3-torus $S^1{\times}S^1{\times}S^1$ induces an isomorphism of cyclic groups.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.507-528
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• 2006

In this paper we show that the Koecher's Jordan automorphic generators of one variable on an irreducible symmetric cone are enough to determine the elements of scalar multiple of the Jordan identity on the attached simple Euclidean Jordan algebra. Its various geometric, Jordan and Lie theoretic interpretations associated to the Cartan-Hadamard metric and Cartan decomposition of the linear automorphisms group of a symmetric cone are given with validity on infinite-dimensional spin factors

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2006

For the evaluation algebra $F[e^{{\pm}{\chi}}]_M$, if M={$\partial$}, the automorphism group $Aut_{non}$($F[e^{{\pm}{\chi}}]_M$) and $Der_{non}$($F[e^{{\pm}{\chi}}]_M$) of the evaluation algebra $F[e^{{\pm}{\chi}}]_M$ are found in the paper [12]. For M={${\partial}^n$}, we find $Aut_{non}$($F[e^{{\pm}{\chi}}]_M$) and $Der_{non}$($F[e^{{\pm}{\chi}}]_M$) of the evaluation algebra $F[e^{{\pm}{\chi}}]_M$ in this paper. We show that a derivation of some non-associative algebra is not inner.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.725-742
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• 2014

In this paper, we find all inequivalent classes of self-orthogonal codes over $Z_{p^2}$ of lengths $l{\leq}3$ for all primes p, using similar method as in [3]. We find that the classification of self-orthogonal codes over $Z_{p^2}$ includes the classification of all codes over $Z_p$. Consequently, we classify all the codes over $Z_p$ and self-orthogonal codes over $Z_{p^2}$ of lengths $l{\leq}3$ according to the automorphism group of each code.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.785-802
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• 2024

Given M a monoid with a neutral element e. We show that the solutions of d'Alembert's functional equation for n × n matrices Φ(pr, qs) + Φ(sp, rq) = 2Φ(r, s)Φ(p, q), p, q, r, s ∈ M are abelian. Furthermore, we prove under additional assumption that the solutions of the n-dimensional mixed vector-matrix Wilson's functional equation $$\begin{cases}f(pr, qs) + f(sp, rq) = 2\phi(r, s)f(p, q),\\Φ(p, q) = \phi(q, p),{\quad}p, q, r, s {\in} M\end{cases}$$ are abelian. As an application we solve the first functional equation on groups for the particular case of n = 3.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.695-706
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• 2014

Various properties of digital covering spaces have been substantially used in studying digital homotopic properties of digital images. In particular, these are so related to the study of a digital fundamental group, a classification of digital images, an automorphism group of a digital covering space and so forth. The goal of the present paper, as a survey article, to speak out utility of digital covering theory. Besides, the present paper recalls that the papers [1, 4, 30] took their own approaches into the study of a digital fundamental group. For instance, they consider the digital fundamental group of the special digital image (X, 4), where X := $SC^{2,8}_4$ which is a simple closed 4-curve with eight elements in $Z^2$, as a group which is isomorphic to an infinite cyclic group such as (Z, +). In spite of this approach, they could not propose any digital topological tools to get the result. Namely, the papers [4, 30] consider a simple closed 4 or 8-curve to be a kind of simple closed curve from the viewpoint of a Hausdorff topological structure, i.e. a continuous analogue induced by an algebraic topological approach. However, in digital topology we need to develop a digital topological tool to calculate a digital fundamental group of a given digital space. Finally, the paper [9] firstly developed the notion of a digital covering space and further, the advanced and simplified version was proposed in [21]. Thus the present paper refers the history and the process of calculating a digital fundamental group by using various tools and some utilities of digital covering spaces. Furthermore, we deal with some parts of the preprint [11] which were not published in a journal (see Theorems 4.3 and 4.4). Finally, the paper suggests an efficient process of the calculation of digital fundamental groups of digital images.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제31권5_6호
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• pp.651-659
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• 2013

A graph is $s$-regular if its automorphism group acts regularly on the set of its $s$-arcs. In this paper, the cubic $s$-regular graphs of order 12p, 36p, 44p, 52p, 66p, 68p and 76p are classified for each $s{\geq}1$ and each prime $p$. The number of cubic $s$-regular graphs of order 12p, 36p, 44p, 52p, 66p, 68p and 76p is 4, 3, 7, 8, 1, 4 and 1, respectively. As a partial result, we determine all cubic $s$-regular graphs of order 70p except for $p$ = 31, 41.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.13-30
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• 2009

A subset of n tuples of elements of ${\mathbb{Z}}_9$ is said to be a code over ${\mathbb{Z}}_9$ if it is a ${\mathbb{Z}}_9$-module. In this paper we consider an special family of cyclic codes over ${\mathbb{Z}}_9$, namely quadratic residue codes. We define these codes in term of their idempotent generators and show that these codes also have many good properties which are analogous in many respects to properties of quadratic residue codes over finite fields.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.519-530
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• 2014

To study a deformation of a digital space from the viewpoint of digital homotopy theory, we have often used the notions of a weak k-deformation retract [20] and a strong k-deformation retract [10, 12, 13]. Thus the papers [10, 12, 13, 16] firstly developed the notion of a strong k-deformation retract which can play an important role in studying a homotopic thinning of a digital space. Besides, the paper [3] deals with a k-deformation retract and its homotopic property related to a digital fundamental group. Thus, as a survey article, comparing among a k-deformation retract in [3], a strong k-deformation retract in [10, 12, 13], a weak deformation k-retract in [20] and a digital k-homotopy equivalence [5, 24], we observe some relationships among them from the viewpoint of digital homotopy theory. Furthermore, the present paper deals with some parts of the preprint [10] which were not published in a journal (see Proposition 3.1). Finally, the present paper corrects Boxer's paper [3] as follows: even though the paper [3] referred to the notion of a digital homotopy equivalence (or a same k-homotopy type) which is a special kind of a k-deformation retract, we need to point out that the notion was already developed in [5] instead of [3] and further corrects the proof of Theorem 4.5 of Boxer's paper [3] (see the proof of Theorem 4.1 in the present paper). While the paper [4] refers some properties of a deck transformation group (or an automorphism group) of digital covering space without any citation, the study was early done by Han in his paper (see the paper [14]).