• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2006

The goal of this study was to find the way of reduction on food wastes in the university cafeteria. Four hundred and two students from three universities in Daejeon city were surveyed. The data were analyzed by SAS program. The results were summarized as followings: 24.95% of the total users use the university cafeteria everyday. Reasons for the utilization were listed as time saving 31.40%, near place 26.73%, low price 23.16% and no other place to eat 17.82%. Recommendations for the improvements of university cafeteria were listed as menu variation 38.26%, taste 37.83%, price decrease 10.43%. Female students left more food wastes than male students and most leaving food was side dish than Bab, Guk and Kimchi. The major reason of leaving foods was shown to be influenced by the taste and amount of foods supplied in university cafeteria. And they preferred kimchibock-kumbab to other kinds of bab. But they disliked Flounderjolim, pickled anchovies, Ggonchigui, Ginger, Burdock, Lotus root and Crown daisy. The perception of users on the reduction of food waste was 84.10% of total students. The students who know on the method of food wastes treatment were 58.26%. Improvement for reduction of food wastes of university cafeteria can be summarized to emphasize on taste, menu variation, adequate of serving size, also that should be conduct studies for systematic administration method and standard education for reduction of food waste.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.3 s.303
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• pp.91-98
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a temporal error concealment method based on the edge adaptive masking. In the method, four regions around the corrupted block - top, bottom, left, and right - are defined and the edge features of the regions are extracted by applying an edge operator for each direction. The size of a mask for the boundary matching is determined by the edge information, which can be considered as a criterion to measure the activity of the boundary region. In other words, it is determined such that the size of the mask is proportional to the amount of edge-component extracted from each region in order to yield the higher reliability on boundary matching. This process is equivalent to applying weights depending on the edge features, which leads the improved motion vector. In experiments, it is verified that the proposed method outperforms the conventional methods in terms of image quality, and then its merits and demerits are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.361-373
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• 2016

This study tested the antioxidant activities and anti-aging effects of an extract of Orostachys japonicus, a herb used as a folk remedy for cancer for a long time. To assess the antioxidant activities of the Orostachys japonicus extract (OJE), the total polyphenol content was confirmed to have a high caffeic acid equivalent weight of 12 g by dry weight of 100g OJE and the total flavonoid content was confirmed that the quercetin equivalent of 1.7 g by dry weight of 100g OJE. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was confirmed a high scavenging activity of 79.7% at a concentration of 1%. To confirm the anti-aging effect of OJE, MMP-1 expression was decreased in $25{\mu}L/mL$ and $50{\mu}L/mL$ similar to control. In a clinical experiment, a group of subjects who used a cosmetic product containing OJE showed a significant increase in the amount of skin moisture from the forehead, left cheek, and chin. The experimental group showed a significant increase in the amount of skin sebum from the chin and maintaining pH balance of normal skin, As a result, the OJE demonstrates the efficacy of natural cosmetic material as antioxidant and anti-aging.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1565-1574
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• 2011

Scheduling of die casting is a procedure of determining quantities of cast products so as to optimize a predetermined performance criterion. This paper presents a novel scheme of preventing product shortage raised by defective castings when die casting scheduling is applied to real casting operations. The previously developed linear programming (LP) model for die casting scheduling maximizes the average efficiency of melting furnaces in regard of the usage of molten alloy. However, the LP model is not able to cope with the problem of defective products occurring in the casting process. The proposed scheme is that whenever defective products are found in a shift, the foundryman produces additional cast products using the residue of molten alloy left at the end of the next shift. Neither the calculated amount of molten alloy nor the scheduling result of the LP model does not have to be altered for this method. The simulation result demonstrates the superiority and applicability of the newly proposed scheme.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.5-16
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• 2018

The ever-increasing amount of waste vinyl is causing big environmental problems. In particular, those from farming industry are sometimes left on site or even illegally reclaimed due to the lack of environmental concerns and capacity for collection, which worsens the situation. It is, therefore, believed that the recycling of waste vinyl is the most ideal solution in the viewpoint of environmental preservation. In this context, the potential of vinyl strip as a ground reinforcing material is investigated to expand the application of waste vinyl recycling. In this study, a series of uniaxial compression tests and resonant column tests were performed for sand specimens reinforced with vinyl strips and cement to investigate their reinforcing effects on static and dynamic behaviors. The changes in the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), the shear modulus and the damping ratio according to the mixing ratio of vinyl strips and cements were analysed for sand specimens, having 40% and 60% relative densities, under various mixing conditions. As a result, both the static and dynamic reinforcing effects of vinyl strip-cement mixture were confirmed and the optimum mixing ratio was proposed.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.412-424
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• 2004

Statement of problem: Several prosthetic options are available for the restoration of multiple adjacent implants. A passively fitting prosthesis has been considered a prerequisite for the success and maintenance of osseointegration. Passivity is a particular concern with multiple implants because of documented inaccuracies in the casting and soldering process. One way to avoid this problem is to restore the implants individually, however, the restorations of individual adjacent impants requires careful adjustment of interproximal contacts. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the stress distribution pattern and amount surrounding Bicon implants with individual crowns and splinted restorations. Material and method: A photoelastic model of a human partially edentulous left mandible with 3 Bicon implants($4{\times}11mm$) was fabricated. For non-splinted restorations, individual crowns were fabricated on 3 abutments ($4{\times}0.65mm,\;0^{\circ}$, 2.0 mm post, Bicon Inc., Boston, USA) After the units were cemented, 4 levels of interproximal contact tightness were evaluated: open, ideal ($8{\mu}m$ shim stock drags without tearing), medium($40{\mu}m)$), and heavy($80{\mu}m$). Splinted 3-unit fixed partial dentures were fabricated and cemented to the model. Changes in stress distribution under simulated non-loaded and loaded conditions(7.5, 15, 30 lb) were analyzed with a circular polaricope. Results: 1. Stresses were distributed around the entire body of fin in Bicon implants. 2. Splinted restorations were useful for distribution of stress around implants especially with higher loads. 3. By increasing the contact tightness between the individually restored three implants, the stress increased in the coronal portion of implants. Conclusions: Ideal adjustment of the contact tightness was important to reduce the stresses around individually restored Bicon implants.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional status and factors related to dislike of vegetables in the students who avoid eating vegetables in elementary school. The subjects were classified into VDG (vegetable dislike group, 75 children) and control group (69 children) by amount of vegetable left in school feeding. The survey included the items of demographic characteristics, dietary behaviors, nutrition knowledge, food preference, reason for dislike of vegetables and nutrient intake of the subjects. Dietary behavior and nutrition knowledge scores of control group were higher than those of VDG. The average score of food preference was 4.9 and 4.7 in control and VDG groups respectively. The preference score of root vegetables was the lowest in subjects. In the view of nutrient intake, the calorie intake of control group was higher than that of VDG. Protein intake of control and VDG was enough as compared with their RDA. Except vitamin E, most nutrient intake of control group was higher than that of VDG. VDG consumed lower calorie, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C, Ca, P, Fe and Zn than control group. The scores of the dietary behavior and nutrition knowledge in the subjects were positively related to the status of some vitamins and minerals intake. These results show that the scores of nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior of VDG were lower than those of control, causing low intake of vitamins and minerals such as vitamin A, Ca and Fe.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.425-432
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• 2009

Gongneung Weir 2 was built in 1970s to supply water for irrigation. For a long time, the weir was left uncared because of the land use change of the nearby area. The weir is 1.5 m high, and the stream in which the weir was installed has bed materials of fine sands to fine gravels. In 2006, the local government and residents agreed on uninstalling the weir, and the weir was removed completely on April 14. This paper reports the results of three field investigations for the study of the stream morphology change after the weir removal. Changes in grain size distribution, bed elevation, and cross section before and after the weir removal are provided and discussed. Net amount of sediment deposits within 1 km reach of the stream is estimated, and the results illustrates that the sediment process, leading to an equilibrium of the bed, progressed very swiftly, namely within 45 days.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.9-20
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• 1968

In general there are few cases which were caused by lightening and no fire was observed to have been caused but by artificial or accidental fires during preliminary survey. And then the most scales of burning in Korea are like the fig. 2. Temperature 5 cm apart from flame at the burning site were known to range from 165$^{\circ}$to 20$0^{\circ}C$ in surface fire on Myozangdong, pine-quercus dominant community and from 120$^{\circ}$ to 145$^{\circ}C$ in surface fire of Wolwoonni, Mischanthus dominant area and from 120$^{\circ}$ to 14$0^{\circ}C$ in ground fire of Wangzinkun, Mischanthus dominant, respectively. Through the preliminary survey, fire indicater plants in Korea were confirmed as Mischanthus coreensis Hack and Carex alterifolia Franch. The plants of highest frequency appeared in the burnt sites were known to as Potentilla cryptotaeniae Max, Mischanthus coreensis Hack, Carex alterifolia Franch and Artemisia brachyphylla Kitamura. Lespedezas were proved as one of the fire tolerant and Pinus densiflora was found out as the lowest intolerant plant to fire. The acidity of burnt soil was decreased according to the considerable amount of ash left on the ground. The acidity of surface soil was more decreased than the below 10cm of soil. The chemical composition(NO3, P, K, Mg, Total-N and Organic-C) of burnt soil was more increased than those of the unburnt sites. And the population changes of soil microflora seemed to have a certain tendency. The population of soil microflora was increased a little according to climatic conditions. Also there was an initial decrease in the population of microflora followed immediately by a significant increase.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.316-319
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• 2018

When a terrestrial UHD broadcasting service and a mobile HD broadcasting service are provided using the PLP function provided by ATSC 3.0 and domestic UHD broadcasting standard, a small amount of data may be additionally transmitted to further provide high quality UHD-3D broadcasting service. The left and right images of the stereoscopic image are input, one view image is encoded by the SHVC method, and the other view images are encoded by the SHVC method of the two-view cross-referencing method. However, since the base layers (BL) of the two encoders are mutually common, the two encoders correspond to encoders that generate one BL stream and two enhancement layer (EL) streams. The average encoding efficiency is 16% more efficient compared to the third independent HEVC encoding for the UHD-3D broadcast service. The proposed scheme reduces the fluctuation of PSNR per image frame and increases the image quality of minimum PSNR frame by 0.6dB.