• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.560-569
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• 2016

Purpose The purpose of this study was not only to explore the factors associated with the survival of OHCA(Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest), but to provide ideas for improving the operation of emergency medical system in Korea. Method 90,734 OHCAs(Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest) with a cardiac etiology, who had been transported by 119 EMS ambulances for seven years from 2006 to 2012 in Korea, were analyzed. The data had a multilevel structure in that patient's survival in the same region is interrelated, so two-level (patient-region) logistic regression analysis was applied to adjust this correlation. Results The adjusted OR in group who were given CPR(Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) by a bystander were 1.40 for survival to discharge. In addition, the adjusted OR in the group with an implementation of AED (automated external defibrillator) before arriving in hospital was 2.98 for survival to discharge. we categorized some continuous variables (number of emergency physician, OHCAs volume fo hospital, area deprivation level) into five quintiles. The adjusted OR in the number of emergency physician compared with Q1(lowest) was 1.29(Q2), 2.89(Q3), 3.39(Q4), 4.07(Q5), respectively. the adjusted OR in OHCAs volume of each hospital compared with Q1(lowest) was 2.06(Q2), 3.06(Q3), 3.46(Q4), 4.36(Q5), respectively. Lastly, the adjusted OR in deprivation level compared with Q1(least deprived area) was 0.72(Q4), 0.64(Q5) so that the adjusted OR of survival to discharge tended to decrease in more deprived districts. Conclusion The survival to discharge was better significantly in group given CPR by a bystander and with the implementation of AED before arriving in hospital. The survival to discharge tended to be significantly better in hospitals with a larger number of emergency physicians and higher volume of OHCAs in less deprived districts.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2010

Objective: Birth sex ratio (BSR) with human IVF-ET program is an interesting subject of social and scientific issue but very little information is available in Korea. This study was performed to assess the BSR with IVF-ET and to suggest the effective factors on the BSR. Methods: The national data from 1991~2008 were obtained from governmental Statistics Korea and the delivery data of human IVF-ET program on 2007 and 2008 were provided from the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs. The BSR were statistically analyzed according to methods of IVF and to transferred embryos from fresh or frozen-thawed cycles. Results: The BSRs of Korean populations were over 1.10 up to 2002, and then it declined and maintained to 1.06 as balance BSR on 2007 and 2008. In human IVF-ET program, the BSRs were 1.07 on 2007 and 1.06 on 2008, respectively. Conventional IVF on 2008 showed the highest BSR as 1.10, and ICSI the lowest on 2008 as 1.01. There was no significant difference of BSRs related to the methods of in vitro fertilization and the feature of transferred embryos. Conclusion: The BSR of Korea showed 1.06~1.07 as normal and balanced state on 2007 and 2008 both general populations and human IVF-ET program. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the BSR of human IVF-ET in Korea. There is a need to expand the further studies for national statistics and influencing factors on the BSR with IVF-ET.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.29-39
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• 2023

In this study, an analysis of medical waste generation characteristics was conducted, differentiating between ordinary situation and the outbreaks of massive infectious diseases. During ordinary situation, prediction models for medical waste quantities by type, general medical waste(G-MW), hazardous medical waste(H-MW), infectious medical waste(I-MW), were established through regression analysis, with all significance values (p) being <0.0001, indicating statistical significance. The determination coefficient(R2) values for prediction models of each category were analyzed as follows : I-MW(R2=0.9943) > G-MW(R2=0.9817) > H-MW(R2=0.9310). Additionally, factors such as GDP(G-MW), the number of medical institutions (H-MW), and the elderly population ratio(I-MW), utilized as influencing factors and consistent with previous literature, showed high correlations. The total MW generation, evaluated by combining each model, had an MAE of 2,615 and RMSE of 3,353. This indicated accuracy levels similar to the medical waste models of H-MW(2,491, 2,890) and I-MW(2,291, 3,267). Due to limitations in accurately estimating the quantity of medical waste during the rapid and outbreaks of massive infectious diseases, the generation unit of I-MW was derived to analyze its characteristics. During the early unstable stage of infectious disease outbreaks, the generation unit was 8.74 kg/capita·day, 2.69 kg/capita·day during the stable stage, and an average of 0.08 kg/capita·day during the reduction stage. Correlation analysis between generation unit of I-MW and lethality rates showed +0.99 in the unstable stage, +0.52 in the stable stage, and +0.96 in the reduction period, demonstrating a very high positive correlation of +0.95 or higher throughout the entire outbreaks of massive infectious diseases. The results derived from this study are expected to play a useful role in establishing an effective medical waste management system in the field of health care.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.399-429
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• 2009

The purpose of this research examines the factors that influence happiness among Korean adolescents by focusing on psychological resource (as measured by self-efficacy), relational resource (as measured by social support) and financial resource (as measured by family's monthly income). In addition, the influence of academic achievement on happiness is examined. To examine the influence of socio-economic status and family's monthly income, adolescents living in three different districts in Seoul (from working to middle to upper class districts) were randomly selected and interviewed in their home. A total of 190 elementary school, middle school, high school and university students (male=83, female=107) completed the resiliency of efficacy scale developed by Bandura (1995) and emotional support and happiness scale developed by the present researchers, in addition to background information. The results of the path analysis are as follows. First, the most important predictor of happiness among Korean adolescents is relational resources. In other words, emotional support received from significant others was most predictive of happiness; more than 60 times the effect of family's monthly income, three times the effect of academic achievement, and two times the effect of resiliency of efficacy. The second most important factor that predicted the happiness of Korean adolescents was psychological resource (i.e., resiliency of efficacy), which had 30 times the effect of family's monthly income. In addition resiliency of efficacy played a mediating role between emotional support on one hand and happiness on the other. Third, those respondents who had higher academic achievement reported higher levels of happiness, which had 20 times the effect of family's monthly income. Fourth, family monthly income did not predict happiness among Korean adolescents. Fifth, socio-economic status and school level did not have direct influence on happiness but had mediating influence through their influence on emotional support. In other words, those respondents with higher socio-economic status and elementary school students were more likely to receive social support from significant others, which in turn increased their happiness. These results indicate that the most important predictor of happiness among Korean adolescents is emotional support, followed by resiliency of effic acy and academic achievement, indicating that those adolescents from wealthy families are not necessarily happier.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1-16
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• 2023

Due to imbalances in supply and demand within the labor market, start-ups have emerged as crucial players in the generation of high-quality employment opportunities, particularly in stagnant job markets. In response to this trend, governments are allocating substantial financial and human resources to initiatives that support start-up development. This has led to an increasing rate of engagement in start-up ventures across diverse age groups, not limited to younger individuals. Start-ups are enterprises focused on the commercialization of innovative ideas with the aim of achieving profitability in the marketplace. Research concerning the successful market integration of new products and the attainment of sustainable growth is pivotal. Such research is instrumental not only for the success of start-ups but also for realizing the broader social functions and contributions that these enterprises can offer. Previous research has often examined new product market-entry strategies, often referred to as new product marketing, particularly for large companies and SMEs. However, there is a gap in studies focusing on prototype marketing strategies specific to start-ups. Thus, this study aims to examine the impact of Pre-announcing marketing strategies on the market attention garnered by start-ups with low recognition and limited infrastructure, and how such attention contributes to their sustainable growth. Specifically, the study aims to uncover the causal relationship between information attributes like relevance, vividness, and novelty in building customer relationships, and their impact on purchase intentions influenced by performance expectations and hedonic motivations. In terms of Pre-announcing information attributes, relevance, vividness, and novelty positively influence performance expectations and hedonic motivations as outlined in the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2). These factors, in turn, positively impact the purchase intention for pre-announced new products from start-ups. These findings are expected to provide both theory and practical insights into the factors influencing market entry through the use of Pre-announcing marketing strategies for start-up new products.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.111-122
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• 2009

This study assessed the levels of knowledge and behavior about food safety, the factors influencing them and the causal relationship between them. The data were collected from 297 high school students in Gyeongbuk region by the self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of closed-end questions regarding each respondent's characteristics such as sex and grade, recognition on food safety, concern about hazardous elements towards foods and knowledge and behavior about food safety. The results of this study were as follows. Both levels of knowledge and behavior about food safety were not particularly high. The factors affecting the level of knowledge about food safety were mother's age and concern about hazardous elements towards foods. Grade, father's educational level, concern about hazardous elements towards foods, and the level of knowledge about food safety influenced the level of behavior about food safety. The results of the path analysis showed that grade and father's educational level directly affected the level of behavior about food safety. In addition, concern about hazardous elements towards foods had direct and indirect effect on the level of behavior about food safety On the other hand, the level of knowledge about food safety had an direct influence on the level of behavior about food safety.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.861-867
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• 2008

Purpose : We carried out this study to determine if there is any difference in the occurrence rate of the epileptiform discharge between awake EEG and sleep EEG and if there are any factors influencing on the occurrence rate of EEG. Methods : This study included 178 epileptic children who had visited neurology clinic of the department of pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital from July 2005 to July 2006. The medical and EEG records of these children who had had both awake EEG and sleep EEG were reviewed. We analysed the occurrence rate of the epileptiform discharge between awake EEG and sleep EEG. We investigated the related clinical factors which included sex, seizure types, underlying causes, age at first seizure, antiepileptic drug (AED) medication, age at recording, and background activity. Results : Among 178 epileptic children, 91 patients (51.1%) showed epileptiform discharge in awake or sleep states, 10 patients (11.0%) abnormal only in awake, 40 patients (44.0%) abnormal only in sleep, 41 patients (45.0%) abnormal in both awake EEG and sleep EEG. The occurrence rate of sleep EEG was 81 of 178 patients (45.5%) which was more than that of the awake EEG (28.7%) (P<0.001). The occurrence rate of sleep EEG is more than that of the awake EEG regardless of sex and underlying causes. But there is no significant difference from awake EEG and sleep EEG in finding the epileptiform discharge in the patient with generalized seizure, younger than 5 years old at first seizure, younger than 10 years old at recording, no antiepileptic medication, and abnormal background activity. Conclusion : The sleep EEG is thought to be more helpful in the diagnosis of childhood epilepsy.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.203-232
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• 2006

The purposes of this study are to examine the effects of learning, which was applied TRIZ's 40 inventive principles, on the improvement of learners' creativity and to offer basic information that would be necessary to study on Inventive Education in Technology Education. In order to achieve the purposes, objects were divided into two groups, experiment group(74 students) and control group(67 students), who were from B Middle school in Daejeon. Creativity Self-Assessment and Student Inventive Rating Scale were used as tools for research so that we could find the homogeneity in two groups. An applied design method was nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. This study was performed for 2 hours on the 1st and the 3rd Saturday in every month from the 3rd week of March, 2006 to the 3rd of July of 2006, and total researching period was 9 weeks. In that time, the students were required to learn 40 inventive principles. The results from this study are as below. (1) Applying TRIZ's 40 inventive principles had a positive effect on students' CQ(creative quotient), as influencing on the subordinate factors of creativity, such as, originality, germinal, trasformational, value, attraction, expressive power and organic systemicity. However it didn't have any effect on adequateness, properness, merit, complex and elegance. (2) Applying TRIZ's 40 inventive principles had a significant effect neither on CQ by sex, nor on the subordinate factors of creativity, except for originality and expressive power. Based on the results of the experiment, below suggestions were made to promote the application of TRIZ's 40 inventive principles to Technology Education. (1) Although this study was performed by using development activities, it is necessary to study more systemically to apply 40 inventive principles to regular subject in Technology Education. (2) As creativity was very important in Technology Education, there should be studies on the various types of inventive principles and techniques for Inventive Education in Technology Education.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.115-125
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• 2022

In today's era when the concept of a lifelong job has disappeared, starting a business is an essential consideration for university students not only as an alternative factor in finding employment, but also from the perspective of the entire life. Today, most universities in Korea are operating entrepreneurship education programs, such as entrepreneurship classes as a curriculum, and start-up clubs as a non-curricular program to foster entrepreneurship among university students. In previous studies, entrepreneurship is a factor influencing the entrepreneurship intention. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the effects of university students' entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurship intention through a entrepreneurship education program (participation in a start-up club, taking an entrepreneurship course) on entrepreneurship behavior. There are some empirical studies on whether entrepreneurship education programs such as participation in startup contests affect the entrepreneurship intention of university students, but not much compared to their importance. It is difficult to find an empirical study examining the effects of entrepreneurship and start-up education programs on entrepreneurship intention and entrepreneurship behavior in domestic and foreign studies. Therefore, in this study, one domestic university that operates a start-up club and a entrepreneurship course was selected and the online questionnaire was distributed to all current students, and the collected 127 questionnaires were used for empirical analysis As a result of the study, first, it was confirmed that initiative and risk-taking, which are sub-factors of entrepreneurship of university students, had a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intention, respectively, and that innovation did not have a significant positive effect. Second, it was confirmed that university students' participation in a start-up club, a sub-factor of the start-up education program, had a significant positive effect on their entrepreneurial intention, and that taking a start-up course did not have a significant positive effect. Third, it was confirmed that the entrepreneurial intention of university students had a significant positive effect on entrepreneurship behavior. Fourth, it was confirmed that the entrepreneurial intention had a mediating effect between each of the factors of risk-taking, and participation in a start-up club and entrepreneurial behavior. This study suggests that university students can increase their risk-taking, increase their entrepreneurial intention by participating in a startup club, and reach a entrepreneurial behavior through this as a medium.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.59 no.11
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• pp.1009-1016
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• 2018

Purpose: To assess the effect on axial elongation and associated factors between spectacles and of orthokeratology lens (OK) wearing in children with mild to moderate myopia. Methods: A total of one hundred subjects, ranging in age from 6 to 13 years, and with mild to moderate myopia no more than -4.50 diopters in spherical equivalent, visited our clinic from 2013 to 2015. The OK group (75 eyes) and the spectacles group (64 eyes) were compared and analyzed on the axial elongation and associated factors. Results: In the OK group, axial length was elongated in 1 year period with a mean increase of $0.24{\pm}0.29mm$. In spectacles group, axial length was elongated in 1 year period with a mean increase of $0.42{\pm}0.20mm$. The statistically significant suppression of axial elongation was observed in OK group compared to the spectacles group (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.05). For OK group, the age of starting OK (Pearson's correlation, r = -0.481, p < 0.05) was the only influencing factor on axial elongation, which had negative correlation with axial elongation. In spectacles group, the age of starting spectacles had negative correlation with axial elongation (Pearson's correlation, r = -0.462, p < 0.05) and baseline spherical equivalent, spherical diopter, cylindrical diopter from manifest refraction had positive correlation with axial elongation. Comparison of axial elongation in orthokeratology lens group and spectacles group by age groups (6 to 9 years [28 eyes], 9 to 13 years [47 eyes]), 9 to 13 years of orthokeratology lens group had the stronger suppression of axial elongation (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The OK effectively suppresses axial elongation compared to the spectacles. Although the patients are in age from 9 to 13 years, the axial elongation was effectively suppressed.