• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.631-646
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• 2013

본 연구는 1990년대 초반과 2000년대 후반 기간 동안을 대상으로 공적분 장기 분석과 시계열 단기 회귀분석을 통해 은행대출과 주택가격 간의 인과성 패턴을 경험적으로 분석한다. 은행대출과 주택가격 간의 동시적인 상관관계가 크지만, 실증 분석 결과는 신용 증가와 은행대출 간의 강력한 상호작용은 주택가격의 변동에 따른 은행대출의 변화에 기인한다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 또한, 2000년대 초 중반에 도입된 LTV와 DTI와 같은 거시 건전성 규제는 금융시장과 부동산시장의 안정화에 크게 기여한 것으로 나타나고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.1359-1366
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• 2000

An experiment was carried out to study plasma levels of hormones and metabolites of crossbred Holstein cattle during late pregnancy (28 days pre partum), early lactation (30 days post partum), mid-lactation (120 days post partum) and late lactation (210 days post partum). Two breed types of Holstein $Friesian{\times}Red$ Sindhi (50:50 = 50%HF) and Holstein $Friesian{\times}Red$ Sindhi (87.5:12.5 = 87.5%HF) were divided into four groups of four animals each. Two groups of each breed were fed with either rice straw treated with 5% urea or pangola hay (Digitaria decumbens) as the source of roughage throughout the experiments. There were a substantial increases in the mean levels of total triiodothyronine ($T_3$), insulin and glucagon at the onset of lactation, and maintained in a high levels during lactation advance for all groups of experiments. The mean levels of prolactin and thyroxine ($T_4$) were not significantly different among groups of animals, but the plasma cortisol concentration was slightly higher in both groups of 50%HF in comparison with those of 87.5%HF animals. The mean levels of plasma growth hormone (GH) of both groups of 87.5%HF animals feeding on either hay or urea treated rice straw markedly rose in the early period of lactation and markedly reduced in mid- and late lactation. These changes were accompanied with changes of milk yield. In contrast to 50%HF animals, plasma GH levels were considerably higher in the late pregnant period than in the early period of lactation and it remained constant as its value at the early lactation throughout the experimental period. The high levels of both plasma progesterone and estradiol concentration significantly declined after parturition and remained low through lactating period. The plasma glucose level in the 50%HF animals feeding on either hay or urea treated rice straw was higher than the 87.5%HF animals in all periods of experiments. Changes in plasma FFA levels of both types of crossbred animals were depended on the endocrine status during late pregnancy and lactation. The levels of plasma FFA of 50%HF animals were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of 87.5%HF animals during late pregnancy. Both plasma ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate and lactate concentrations were not affected by feeding on either hay or urea treated rice straw during late pregnancy and lactation. These data demonstrate that there were no differences in the physiological performances in the same crossbred animals fed either hay or urea treated rice straw. The 87.5%HF animal has the genetic potential for a high milk yield and homeorhetic adaptation for mammary function differed from 50%HF animals during periods of lactation. Altering lactation persistency in 87.5%HF is regulated mainly by chronically acting growth hormones through the period of lactation.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.362-371
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• 2004

유치의 치근 흡수의 시기에 대한 정보는 소아치과 또는 교정과에서 진단 및 치료 계획의 수립에 중요한 역할을 제공하며, 치아의 발육 상태는 유전, 환경, 인종, 성별, 영양, 사회 경제적 상태 및 시대 변화에 따라 영향을 받는다. 본 연구의 목적은 현대 한국 아동의 유치 치근 흡수의 평균 연령을 측정하고, 1990년대 초와 2000년대 초의 유치 치근 흡수의 평균 연령을 비교하는 것이다. 경북대학교병원 소아치과에 내원한 $1990{\sim}1992$년의 1037명(여아 528명, 남아 509명) 및 $2001{\sim}2003$년의 1065명(여아 394명, 남아 671명)의 파노라마 사진을 대상으로 하여 횡적인 방법으로 조사하였다. 상악 치아 및 하악 전치부의 상의 선예도의 문제로 하악 유견치, 하악 제 1 유구치, 하악 제 2 유구치를 대상으로 하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 유치 치근의 흡수는 2000년대 초 아동이 1990년대 초 아동에 비해 더 이른 시기에 흡수되는 경향을 보였으며 Res c 단계에서 평균 연령의 차이는 0.4년이었다. 2. Res c 단계에서 1990년대 초와 2000년대 초의 평균 연령의 차이는 여아에서 하악 유견치, 하악 제 1 유구치, 하악 제 2 유구치의 순으로 증가하였으며, 남아에서 하악 제 2 유구치. 하악 제 1 유구치, 하악 유견치의 순으로 증가하였다. 즉 평균 차이는 여아에서 나이 증가에 따라 증가하였으며, 남아에서는 나이 증가에 따라 감소하였다. 3. 1990년대 초와 2000년대 초 모두에서 여아가 남아에 비해 평균 0.3년 더 이른 시기에 흡수되는 경향을 보였다. 4. 하악 유견치의 치근 흡수의 시작은 하악 제 1 유구치 보다 늦었지만, 하악 유견치의 치근 흡수의 완료는 하악 제 1 유구치 보다 빨랐으며, 하악 유견치에서 치근 흡수에 소요된 총 기간은 가장 짧았다. 5. 치근 흡수의 속도는 흡수 말기가 초기에 비해 빠른 경향을 나타냈다. 정확한 유치 치근의 흡수시기에 대해 알기 위해서는 정기적이면서 종적인 연구가 필요하리라 생각한다.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.25-58
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 소득과 소비의 불평등을 비교하고, 소득과 소비의 상호 연계에 있어서 항상소득가설의 역할을 분석하였다. 1990년 이후 소득 불평등도는 계속 심화되는 추세를 보였으나, 소비의 불평등도는 2000년대 초반까지 오히려 완화되다가 이후 소득의 불평등도와 동행하는 양상을 보이고 있다. 이는 2000년대 초반 이후 소비에 대한 제약이 충분히 완화되어 우리나라 가구의 소비가 항상소득에 의해 결정되는 양상이 정착되고 있음을 반영하는 것으로 판단된다. 결과적으로 2003년 이후 소비와 소득의 불평등도가 동행하는 양상은 소득의 불평등도 변화에 있어서 항상적 요인의 불평등도가 변동하고 있음을 의미하는 것으로 평가된다.

• 대기
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.345-358
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• 2017

The decadal change in rainfall for Changma period over the South Korea in early-2000s is detected in this study. The Changma rainfall in P1 (1992~2002) decade is remarkably less than in P2 (2003~2013) decade. The much rainfall in P2 decade is associated with the increase of rainy day frequency during Changma period, including the frequent occurrences of rainy day with a intensity of 30 mm/day or more in P2 decade. This decadal change in the Changma rainfall is due to the decadal change of atmospheric circulation around the Korean Peninsula which affects the intensity and location of Changma rainfall. During P2 decade, the anomalous anti-cyclone over the south of the Korean Peninsula, which represents the expansion of the North Pacific high with warm and wet air mass toward East Asia, is stronger than in P1 decade. In addition, the upper level zonal wind and meridional gradient of low-level equivalent potential temperature in P2 decade is relatively strengthened over the northern part of the Korean Peninsula than in P1 decade, which corresponds with the intensification of meridional gradient between air mass related to the East Asian summer monsoon nearby the Korean Peninsula in P2 decade. The enhanced meridional gradient of atir mass during P2 decade is favorable condition for the intensification of Changma rainfall band and more Changma rainfall. The atmospheric conditions related to enhanced Changma rainfall during P2 decade is likely to be influenced by the teleconnection linked to the suppressed convection anomaly over the southern part of China and South China Sea in P2 decade.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.3220-3230
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• 2014

본 논문은 세지마 카즈요(Kazuyo Sejima)와 니시자와 류에(Ryue Nishizawa)의 1900년대에서 2000년대 초반까지의 주택작품들을 연구대상으로 한다. 공간구문론(Space Syntax Theory)의 Convex Map을 통한 각 주택의 공간별 통합도(Integration)를 분석하여 개인공간 측면과 공용공간 측면에서 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 제1기(1990년대) 주택에서 제2기(2000년대 전반) 주택으로 갈수록 개인공간과 공용공간의 통합도(Integration) 평균값의 차이가 작아지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 제1기 주택에서 제2기 주택으로 갈수록 대체적으로 개인공간의 통합도 평균값은 높아지고, 공용공간의 통합도 평균값은 낮아져 간극이 좁아지는 경향을 보이고 있으며, 이는 개인공간과 공용공간의 통합도가 서로 비슷해지며 공간 구분의 경계가 모호해지고 있음을 의미한다. 둘째, 개인공간측면에서 살펴보면, 제2기(2000년대 전반) 작품인 S-3(House in a Plum Grove), S-4(House in China)에서의 개인공간들의 통합도 평균값이 10개 작품들중 가장 높은 수치를 보이고 있다. 개인공간은 제1기 보다는 제2기 작품들에서 더 폐쇄도가 떨어지는 경향이 있음을 알 수 있다. 세째, 공용공간측면에서 살펴보면, 제1기(1990년대) 작품인 I-2(Villa in the Forest), I-5(S-House), I-6(Weekend House)에서의 공용공간들의 통합도 평균값이 10개 작품들중 가장 높은 수치를 보이고 있다. 공용공간은 제2기 보다는 제1기 작품들에서 더 중심적이며 개방적인 경향을 보이고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.46-59
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the NCASA (Nursing Child Assessment Sleep/Activity Record) would be suitable to evaluate and to provide the basic resources for a Korean model of sleep/activity patterns during the first 6 months Korean infants' lives and to provide a basis for nursing intervention for mothers of early infants. The subjects of this study were 94 normal infants from birth to 6 months of age who visited the postpartum care center and two general hospitals located in Pusan from February 1 to April 28, 2000. The method of data collection was through convenient sampling. The instrument of this study was the NCASA translated by the Korean parent Child Health Academic Association. The collected data were analysed by mean, standard deviation, frequency percentage and ANOVA, Post Hoc test by use of SPSS/PC. The conclusions obtained from this study are summarized as follows: 1. The mean amount of daytime sleep was 8.06 hours. The mean amount of nighttime sleep was 6.31 hours. The mean amount of total daily sleep was 14.37 hours. The mean of the longest sleep period was 5.20 hours. The mean regularity of daytime sleep was 25.84%. The mean regularity of nighttime sleep was 77.69%. The mean regularity of total daily sleep was 42.60%. The mean frequency of nighttime wakenings was 2.33 times. 2. The mean amount of daytime activity was 8.25 hours. The mean amount of nighttime activity was 1.39 hours. The mean amount of daily total activity was 9.64 hours. The mean of the longest activity period was 3.80 hours The mean frequency of daytime feeding was 5.69 times. The mean frequency of nighttime feeding was 2.08 times. The mean frequency of total daily feeding was 7.74 times. The mean frequency regularity of feeding was 54.62%. The mean frequency of wakenings was 5.14 times. The mean frequency of crying was 1.90 times. 3. According to an analysis of sleep patterns based on an infant's age, there were some significant differences in the following factors: amount of daytime sleep(p<.001), amount of night time sleep(p<.05), amount of total daily sleep (p<.001), longest sleep period(p<.001), regularity of daytime sleep(p<.001), regularity of nighttime sleep(p<.01), regularity of total daily sleep(p<.001), frequency of nighttime wakenings(p<.001). 4. According to an analysis of activity patterns based on an infant's age, there were some significant differences in the following factors: amount of daytime activity(p<.001), amount of nighttime activity(p<.01), amount of total daily activity(p<.001), longest activity period(p<.05), frequency of nighttime feeding(p<.01), frequency of wakenings(p<.001). 5. The mean amount of a mother's day time was 16.30 hours. The mean amount of a mother's night time was 7.70 hours. In conclusion, the initial irregular sleeping and activity patterns of the early infant became regurized as the infant grew older and estabilished firmer patterns of sleeping and of activity.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.133-152
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• 2000

This study was inquire into the state of the family ethics during the period of the beginning of 1880′s to the 3.1 independence movement of 1919 which has been the black period in the history of Korean family ethics. The research was conducted by analyzing the newspapers, magazines, related literature and articles of the period. It was the beginning of the 1860′s and by the "Cheondo-Kyo" (the Religion of the Heavenly) way that the issues regarding the equality of sexes as the central concern of the modem family ethics came to be the object of the social discourse for the first time in Korean history. The social discourse had come to be positively activated around 1900, when the intellectuals of the "Korean enlightenment" had begun to the feel necessity of the modernization of Korean socialite and the importance of the women education as the essential part of it. However, the activation of the social discourse itself, especially with the newspapers of that period did not mean the changes of the traditional Confucian family ethics, but the discourse of the modernizing forces had become the seeds for changing the family ethics of the Korean people. The made chauvinistic nature of the family ethics of the period was not so much different from those of the preceeding patriarch societies, but the state of the family ethics during the period are characterized by several social phenomenon such as the rising needs of using the "Hangle"(Korean alphabet) instead of Chinese character for the equal education of the both sexes, increasing practices of the early marriage, customs of trade marriage in accordance with the demand of excessive weeding presents, and regarding social consciousness of the traditional family ethics as patriotics attitude against the Christian rejection of the ancestor worship ritual.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.675-683
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• 2002

The purposes of the study were to analyze the changes in formal attires and decorative features of middle age Korean women during the last half of 20th century and to find out any significant differences in formal attires according to periods. The study was a documentary research, and data were collected from 344 family wedding photographs by convenient sampling. The statistics used were content analysis, frequency and a time series analysis, and the results were as follows : 1. Four schematic clusters of formal attires were categorized according to skirt(chima) length and width, jacket(jogori) length, motifs and decorative features; simple classic, decorative classic, fashionable, and extravagant fashionable. Simple classic attires were popular until 1960s, the decorative classics were appeared from late 1960s to 1970s, fashionable attires were introduced from the late 1970s and the attires became more luxurious and extravagant until 2000. 2. Color symbolism in couples mothers'attires according to the couples gender - pink or red for the bride's mother and blue or green for groom's mother - was introduced from the late 1970s, and reached the maximum level by the early 1980s but slowly disappeared after the late 1980s. 3. The complete fashion cycle did not exist in the formal attires'change, however, since the Period of data were ranged from 1943 to 2000, the 57 years period may not long enough to measure a complete fashion cycle.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.625-631
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• 2008

본 연구는 1990년대 전반기(1989년 5월$\sim$1993년 4월)의 자료와 2000년대 중반기(2002년 5월$\sim$2006년 4월)의 자료를 분석하여 낙동강 하구에서 수면성 오리류(Dabbling Ducks; Anas spp.)의 장기적 도래 현황을 파악하고자 하였다. 조사기간(1989년5월$\sim$1993년4월, 2002년5월$\sim$2006년4월, 총 8차년도)에 관찰된 수면성오리류 중 청둥오리속(Anas spp.)은 총 11종 356,100개체이었다. 1990년대 전반기(1989년$\sim$1993년)와 2000년대 중반기(2002년$\sim$2006년)까지 조사한 청둥오리속(Anas spp.)들의 개체수의 월평균 값은 1990년대 전반기에는 10월부터 점진적으로 개체수가 늘어나 11월에 가장 많은 개체수를 관찰할 수 있었으며, 2000년대 중반기에는 10월에 가장 많은 개체수를 관찰하였다. 또한 월별 개체수 평균도 1990년대보다2000년대가 약 2, 3배 이상을 나타내었다. 1990넌대 전반기 조사와 2000년대 중반기 조사 결과를 T-검정을 실시한 결과 11월부터 2월까지의 것이 5% 수준에서 유의한 것으로 나타나 11월부터 2월까지의 개체수들은 큰 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 채식지와 휴식지가 다른 오리류는 낙동강 하구를 휴식지로 낙동강 상류를 채식지로 하는 조류로서, 채식지와 휴식지가 분리된 충분한 공간이 형성되어야만 다양하고 많은 개체들이 월동에 필요한 충분한 기간을 가질 수 있으므로 경작지의 보존이 무엇보다 중요한 실정이다. 낙동강 하구와 인접해 있는 주변의 논과 밭은 오리류의 서식지로 이용되는 공간이므로 경작지에 대한 철저한 관리와 부산광역시 강서구청에서 시행하고 있는 생물다양성관리계약제도를 확대하여 이러한 농지가 지속적으로 보존되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.