Kim, Beob-Soo;Yeo, Tae-Yun;Yun, Yeon-Hee;Lee, Byung-Kook;Cho, Yong-Woo;Han, Sung-Soo
Macromolecular Research
/
v.17
no.10
/
pp.734-738
/
2009
Biodegradable, pH-sensitive, glycol chitosan (GC) hydrogels were prepared using divinyl adipate (DVA) as a crosslinker and acetic acid as a catalyst. DVA has highly reactive double vinyl ester groups and GC contains a high density of hydroxyl groups, with two in every glucosamine unit. The transesterification reaction between vinyl esters and hydroxyl groups produced crosslinked GC hydrogels. The initial crosslinking reaction was monitored by measuring the viscosity of the reaction mixture. When DVA was added to the GC solution and heated to $50^{\circ}C$, the viscosity of the GC solution gradually increased, implying a crosslinking reaction and hydrogel formation. A new peak from the ester group was observed in the FTIR spectra of the GC hydrogels, confirming the crosslinking reaction. The synthesized GC hydrogel showed pH-dependent water absorbency, mainly due to the presence of amine groups ($-NH_2$) at the C-2 position of the glucosamine unit of GC. The water absorbency greatly increased at acidic pH and slightly decreased at alkaline pH. The GC hydrogel gradually degraded in $37^{\circ}C$ water due to hydrolysis of the ester bonds, which were intermolecular crosslinking sites. A red dye, 5-carboxyltetramethyl-rhodamine (CTMR), was entrapped in the GC hydrogels as a model compound. CTMR was released from GC hydrogels in two steps: an initial burst release mainly due to desorption and diffusion, and a second sustained release possibly due to gradual degradation.
Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
/
v.25
no.3
/
pp.5-12
/
2017
Effects of operating parameters such as activated carbon dose, gaseous $O_3$ concentration and pH on the properties of methylene blue(MB) degradation in a catalytic ozonation were investigated through a series of batch experiments. Activated carbon catalyzed the self-decomposition of ozone, generating $OH{\cdot}$, thus promoting MB degradation. Thus the increase of activated carbon dose enhanced the MB and TOC removal. The higher gaseous ozone concentration injected, the promoted MB and TOC removal obtained through the enhanced mass transfer. The MB removal was not significantly affected by the variation of aqueous pH. Catalytic ozonation can be considered as an efficient alternative in treating refractory pollutants in textile wastewater with faster and higher dye and TOC removal compared with ozonation and adsorption.
This study is examines the replica of the excavated braided belt that tied the Daedae(大帶) of Simui(深衣). This study aims to comprehend the structure and color of the excavated braided belt, and to reproduce the Jodae(braided belt) of Kim Won-taek(1683-1766) clan, which was excavated in Cheongju. Black dye was used on the belt since it was the color that remained the most on the artifact. This study in the color black is focused on the Cheungchosack in Jeonggongji(展功志) from the first volume of 'Yimwongyeongjeji(林圓經濟志)'. From the Kim Won-taek clan, the braided belt of Simui of Kim Won-taek and his son, Kim Shang-jik(1716-1773), have been excavated. The blackness of the braided belt was more apparent in Kim Shang-jik compared to Kim Won-taek, and also Kim Shang-jik's braided belt was darkbrown. So I mixed gallnut, green vitriol, ash tree and catechu, the ingredient of bluish black, in equal proportions. Kim Won-taek's silk thread was dyed 3 times and Kim Sang-jik's silk thread was dyed 5 times to reproduce the original belt. Based on the information from the 'Saryepyenlam(四禮便覽)' that the Jo was weaved with five colored threads, I reproduced the Jo with sophora flowers, gardenia, amur cork tree, safflower, madder and indigo sediment. Yeokeum organization(interlacing), which is a Jodae woven strands of both sets of 15 repeats construction were in the mixed organization of 3/2 and 2/2.
The aim of study was to elucidate dyeability and antimicrobial and antifungal activity of silk fabrics dyed with Sophora Radix extracts according to different mordants. Dyes were extracted from Sophora Radix using ethanol. Then, silk fabrics were dyed with extracts two times by post-mordanting method in which the extract was 60%(owf), the mordant was 3%(owf), L.R was 1:20, the temperature was $60~60^\circ{C}$, the time of dyeing was 60min., and the time of mordanting was 60min. The dyeability was evaluated by surface color, K/S values and durability of dye. The skin microorganisms used in this study was S. sureus, B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, P. acnes, P. aeruginosa, E coli, A. niger, C. albicans and T. mentatrophytes. The results are as follows; 1. When mordants were added, K/S value of silk dyed was not improved much and surface color was 2.2Y to 8.8Y in H(hue) value which indicated greenish yellow to raddish yellow 2. The color fastness tests to light, perspiration, dry-cleaning, rubbing, and stain fabric washing show 4~5th degree which were valuated excellent. The color fastness to fade washing was improved to 3~4th degree by addition of $K_2CrO_7$ mordants. 3. Antibacterial activity of silk dyed using no-mordant as well as mordants was excellent on S. aureus, B. subtilis, S.epidermidis and P.acnes, but showed poor antibacterial activities on P.aeruginosa and E.coli such as gram negative baterials 4. Antifungal activity of silk dyed with ethanol extracts was good on A.niger, C.candida and T.mentagrophytes. Especially, on T. mentagrophytes there was no growth of fungus during 72 gous in silk dyed mordanting with $SnCl_2\cdot{2H}_2O$.
The conservation of collections in muse-ums is an important aspect for our her-itage. The control of museum environment is a vital factor in the preservation of cool-lections. Inappropriate or fluctuating envi-ronmental conditions can cause irreparable damage to works of arts. In this research we investigated the ac-tual conditions of museum environment for old testiles using questionnaire and mea-sured dye fasing of old textiles on exhibi-tion for 2 months in a university museum the major results are as follows: 1. The control of temperature and rela-tive humidity is a vital factors I the preservation of old textiles in museum generally acceptable temperature and rel-ative humidity standards for old textiles are 18-23$^{\circ}C$ and 50-65% R. H and light level for textiles on exhibition should be limited to 30-50 lux. 2, In university museums the limate control system in exhibition and storage area is in an early stage. Therefore to minimize the deterioration of old textiles the best method of controlling the envi-ronment is to have centralized climate control system in sorage area as well as in display area. 3. Conservator is needed to maintain collections scientifically. Only professional conservator by combining scientific tech-nical and artistic training has the exper-tise needed to maintain the physical in-tegrity of old textiles. In order to solve the inferior environment of museums the staff should recognize the importance of the condition of exhibition and storage. 4. Old textiles are susceptible to damage by light and associated heat. Dyed textiles which have been exhibited under the light without any UV filter were faded notice-ably within two months of exhibition. Light levels for textiles on exhibition should be limited to 30-50 lux. It is de-sirable to use special light source that can absorb UV. and UV filter is also recom-mended to reduce photodegradation of old textiles.
The combination dyeing have been attempted to get the various color. The objective of this research was to study the color developing effects on cotton fabrics dyed with persimmon, catechu and combination of the both by heat treatment process. These dye were applied on bleached cotton fabrics for the dyeing before post mordanting with aluminium potassium sulfate, copper sulfate, and iron sulfate. The various color changes on cotton fabric were measured by color spectrophotometer. The heat treatment of temperature around $150^{\circ}C$ for an hour can reach the highest color developing. The dyed fabrics with mordanting were heated for specific time period, which was compared without the mordanting. The post mordanted fabrics showed that more various colors can be obtained using combination dyeing. K/S values of dyed fabrics with Al, Fe, and Cu mordants were higher than the cases without mordants. The Cu mordanted fabric showed very effective color developing by the heating process. The fabrics dyed with catechu lowered L* value with little changes in a* and b* values, while the a* and b* values became higher with heat treatment. The fabrics dyed with persimmon has the lowest L* value and more changes in a*, b* value with heating process. Therefore, K/S values can be increased effectively by the combination dyeing of persimmon and catechu. Colorfastness to washing in color change was grade 2-3 in non-mordanted fabric, and grade 3 in mordanted fabric. Lightfastness of the dyed fabrics was above grade 4.
Nguyen, Thanh Nhan;Nguyen, Hoang Phuc;Kim, Tae-Ho;Lee, Soo Wohn
Korean Journal of Materials Research
/
v.28
no.1
/
pp.68-74
/
2018
Cobalt-incorporated zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF-8 was synthesized by a simple one-pot synthesis method at room temperature. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum confirmed the formation of the bimetallic Co/Zn-ZIF structure. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra revealed that the bimetallic ZIF had a lower HOMO-LUMO gap compared with ZIF-8 due to the charge transfer process from organic ligands to cobalt centers. A hydrolytic stability test showed that Co/Zn-ZIF is very robust in aqueous solution - the most important criterion for any material to be applied in photodegradation. The photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized samples was investigated over the Indigo Carmine (IC) dye degradation under solar simulated irradiation. Cobalt incorporated ZIF-8 exhibited high efficiency over a wide range of pH and initial concentration. The degradation followed through three distinct stages: a slow initial stage, followed by an accelerated stage and completed with a decelerated stage. Moreover, the photocatalytic performance of the synthesized samples was highly improved in alkaline environment rather than in acidic or neutral environments, which may have been because in high pH medium, the increased concentration of hydroxyl ion facilitated the formation of hydroxyl radicals, a reactive species responsible for the breaking of the Indigo Carmine structure. Thus, Co/Zn-ZIF is a promising and green material for solving the environmental pollution caused by textile industries.
Carbon black has been used as a particulate soil to prepare artificial soiled fabrics for detergent study but it has two major defects. The one is the difficulty of quantitative analysis of carbon black for evaluate the detergency, the other is that there is no reliable correlation between the removal of carbon black and oily soil which is the major component of natural soil. In this study ferric oxinate was used as a particulate soil since it is in black color and can be soiled on fabric by suspension in water or by solution in chloroform and it is easily analysed quantitatively by extracting it from soiled fabric with chloroform to get correct value of soil removal. The characteristics of soil removal of ferric oxinate were compared with that of carbon black and Sudan black, an oil soluble dye, which had been proved that it's detergency correlated with that of oily soil The soil removal of ferric oxinate and Sudan black estimated from quantitative analysis and from K/S value were in good agreement whereas the result calculated by simple reflectance was consistently low. The soil removal of ferric oxinate was exceeded from that of carbon black without regard to surfactants, Triton and Las, but the effect of washing conditions such as temperature and washing time on soil removal of both soils with different suffactants showed no considerable difference. Though the soil removal of Sudan black was little effected by the conditions, the soil removal in Triton exceeded considerably that of in Las, which is the characteristic of oily soil. Thus the soil removal of Sudan black was in good agreement with ferric oxinate in Triton, a non-ionic surfactant, and with carbon black in Las, an artionic surfactant. We concluded that ferric oxinate is a more realistic model particulate soil for artificial soiled cotton fabric washed with non-ionic surfactant than carbon black.
The traditional application of organic dye provides the coloration effects toward various substrates such as textiles, paper, plastic, leather and so on. However, in recent years, these organic dyes, namely colorants, have a great attention in the high technology or high performance industries of electronics and reprographics. In the subsequent discussion of this manuscript, particular emphasis will be given using various examples and explanations on colorant and color chemistry. These high performance uses present interesting challenges to the colorant chemist to design dyes to satisfy the often demanding criteria required. In this context, the following content describes how those researches are being met in the important colorant application to the academic and industrial areas.
The purpose of this research is to revive the colors of combination dyeing and mixed dyeing with natural dyestuffs. The fabrics used were cotton and rayon. The natural dyestuffs used in this research were indigo, Phellodendron amurense, and Caesalpinia sappan. The effects of combination dyeing were as follows. First, all samples showed deeper colors. Second, according to the results of the surface K/S measurement, while the surface K/S of cotton was over 15, that of rayon was over 17. Third, the results of the light fastness measurement showed the superiority (by over grade 4) of all the samples, except in the case of rayon fiber sample no. 6 (which had been pre-dyed with indigo five times before being dyed with P. amurense once and then being dyed with C. sappan once). In the color fastness to washing measurement, all fibers showed superiority (by over grade 3~4). In addition, the color fastness to dry cleaning of all fibers was satisfactory or excellent (by over grade 3). Fourth, according to the results of the tensile strength measurement, it tended to decrease in the case of cotton and increase in the case of rayon. Fifth, the results of the density measurement showed that the density of cotton decreased by about 15~20% in the case of warp and 10% in the case of weft for all samples. The density of rayon decreased 20% in the case of warp for all samples and increased 30% in the case of weft for all samples.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.