• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-18
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to conduct a course entitled 'Teaching practice' applying Problem Based Learning(hereafter PBL) for perspective Home Economics teachers to explore the applicability of PBL to the course. A course entitled 'Teaching practice' was carried out for 17 undergraduate students from the 2nd of March till 11th of June in 2014. Pre- and post-tests to measure teacher disposition were performed to investigate the effectiveness of the course applying PBL. Three questions for PBL were developed, were determined after obtaining verification of the questions from 5 experts, and were used for the course entitled 'Teaching practice'; Developing teaching-learning plan, establishing plan for homeroom class management, and designing assessment of Technology & Home Economics. The processes of PBL include defining the problem, planning problem solutions, reassessing the problem, identifying possible solutions, and performance presentation. Procedures for solving one problem of PBL took 4 weeks and teacher disposition assessment for effectiveness of PBL was carried out for pre- and post tests. The reflection journal showed that even though it was their first experience of PBL, instructor's feedback, group activities, and individual activities were helpful for solving the problems of PBL. The result of dependent t-test for paired samples revealed significant differences between the pre- and post tests, which means that there was effectiveness of the course applying to PBL on teacher disposition of prospective Home Economics teachers.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.160-167
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• 2015

This study aims to develop a new analytical method to detect zinc pyrithione, the ingredient of cosmetics appointed as restricted ingredients and used as preservatives.. The analytical method was based on data gathered from the relevant literature. Information about the amounts of these ingredients was researched in order to select the base-matrix materials used to validate the analytical method. After selecting and preparing the base-matrix materials, the analytical method was validated by method validation procedures. The analytical method was verified first by inter-laboratory validation and then through analyzing the cosmetics sold in the market. Based on the results of this study, guidelines are proposed for the analysis of restricted ingredients in cosmetics, which will provide a method to test the cosmetics circulating in the Korean market. The use of the proposed guidelines will increase the quality of the cosmetics as well as the safety of human health, which will enhance the competitiveness of the Korean cosmetics industry and lead to an increase in the exportation of cosmetics.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2014

In this paper, two calibration methods for angular vibration pickups using a precision rotary encoder are proposed. The KRISS (Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science) primary angular vibration calibration system and the calibration procedures are briefly explained. The rotary encoder is shown to be calibrated in two methods: The one is to use the laser interferometer to calibrate the rotary encoder under test and the other is to exploit the certificate of the encoder supplied. Complex sensitivities measured from the first are shown to be less than 0.1 % difference in magnitude and $0.01^{\circ}$ difference in phase shift in reference to those of the primary calibration system. Their expanded uncertainties were observed to be less than 0.6 % in magnitude and $0.4^{\circ}$ in phase shift over the range of 0.4 to 200 Hz. Under the same calibration conditions, complex sensitivities evaluated by the second method are shown be 0.1 % difference in magnitude and $0.6^{\circ}$ difference in phase shift in reference to those of the primary calibration system. Their expanded uncertainties were seen to be less than 4.8 % in magnitude and $2.8^{\circ}$ in phase shift.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 2009

Purpose: Some recent literatures report that it is possible to recover defected areas caused by enucleation of relatively large jaw cysts without using bone grafts. The aim was to find out whether spontaneous recovery of defected area with time occurred and what the contributing factors were. Materials and methods: In total, 194 patients were considered as patients. Out of these 194 patients, 74 patients who had no wound dehiscence and who were available for follow-up studies were selected. They were classified into two groups according to the size of radiolucent area in the preoperative panoramic radiographs: in one group, it was larger than $3{\times}4cm$, while in the other group, it was smaller than $3{\times}4cm$. Follow-up panoramic radiographs were taken immediately after the surgery, then after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. On those radiographs, changes in size and density of the defected areas were observed using the Gray-level histogram of Adobe photoshop v7.0. Correlation between bone regeneration and factors such as the type and size of the cysts, age, sex, site of the cysts and systemic disease was evaluated using the General repeated measure and Mann-Whitney Test. Results: Analyses of panoramic radiographs showed that the recovery of radiopacity after 12 months was more than 97% on average in defected areas that were smaller than $3{\times}4cm$. in the defected areas that were larger than $3{\times}4cm$, considerable portion showed recovery of radiopacity. No statistically significant change was observed in bone density according to the type of cysts. Young patients under 20 years of age with highly active metabolism presented more significant bone regeneration than patients over 20 years of age. Bone regeneration was more hampered in patients who had medical disease, compared with patients who didn’t have any medical problem. No statistically significant change was seen in bone density according to sex. Changes in bone density according to the site of cysts such as maxilla, mandible, anterior or posterior region were not considered to be significant. Conclusion: Analyses of panoramic radiographs suggest that in approximately 12 months after the enucleation of cysts, clinically acceptable spontaneous bone regeneration can be observed even though normal bone graft procedures have not been applied.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2008

This paper presents a web-based virtual educational system for Java language, which consists of a management system named Java Web Player (JWP) and creative multimedia contents for the lectures of Java language. The JWP is a Java application program free from security problems by the Java Web Start technologies that supports an integrated learning environment including three important learning procedures: Java concept learning process, programming practice process and assessment process. On-line voice presentation and its related texts together with moving images are synchronized for efficiently conveying creative contents to learners. Furthermore, a simple and useful compiler is included in the JWP for providing user-friendly language practice environment enabling such as coding, editing, executing, and debugging Java source files on the Web. Finally, simple multiple choices are given suddenly to the learners while they are studying through the JWP and the test results are displayed on the message box. In order to show the validity of the proposed virtual educational system we analysed and assessed the learners' academic performance on the five quizzes for one semester.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2016

Purpose: Stimulating the proliferation and migration of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) has become the main goal of periodontal regeneration. To accomplish this goal, regeneration procedures have been developed, but results have not been predictable. Recently, tissue engineering using enamel matrix derivatives (EMDs) and growth factors has been applied to periodontal regeneration; however, the mechanism of EMDs is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of EMDs on the proliferation and release of growth factors from PDLCs. Materials and methods: Human PDLCs were removed from individually extracted 3rd molars of healthy young adults, and cultured in the media containing EMDs (Emdogain, Biora, Malmo, Sweden) at concentration of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and $200{\mu}g/mL$ each. Cell proliferation and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activity were measured. The evaluation of growth factors released by PDLCs was also performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni's multiple comparison test. Results: Significantly increased proliferation and ALP activity were observed in PDLCs treated with over $25{\mu}g/mL$ and $50{\mu}g/mL$ EMDs, respectively. Additionally, treatment of PDLCs with $50{\mu}g/mL$ resulted in significantly increased release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor $(TGF)-{\beta}$ after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Conclusion: EMDs enhance the proliferation and ALP activity of PDLCs, and promote the release of growth factors, including VEGF and $TGF-{\beta}$, from PDLCs. Therefore EMDs could be one of the effective methods for periodontal regeneration.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.25-30
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• 2013

Purpose - Foodservices have grown to over 60% of the franchise industry. However, despite reaching this high level, the foodservice franchise industry is experiencing severe ups and downs. While factors such as expansion by franchises and the entry of large multinational firms are causing this imbalance, the more serious problem faced by franchisees is the lack of know-how and correct operating procedures. Franchise headquarters should advise franchisees on important matters such as food ingredients, interior design, tableware, and fixtures. However, even though franchise headquarters have the ability to impart such management know-how, this is often a neglected area. Research design, data and methodology - This study was conducted in an industrial environment to present suitable competitive alternatives for foodservice franchises. Empirical analysis was conducted using a sample of 232 people with experience in targeting customers. The main purpose of this study is not to identify and analyze the factors affecting customer satisfaction. Customers of the Food Service Industry to invite contacts until departure for the service flow by identifying the expectations and allow this area by analyzing the resulting measures to enhance the competitiveness has presented. Results - Actual results contact factors affecting the quality of service on customer satisfaction was a significant influence. However, the end of this analysis, the actual customer satisfaction directly affects the quality of service that is only important factor can commit mistakes. Relatively large impact on customer satisfaction, which is relatively independent of the quality factor should be a review of zone of tolerance. In this study, eating phase relative to contact the service customer satisfaction was the most influential. The results, however, zone of tolerance for an area in the waiting and ordering dissatisfaction factors are appearing. And in the course of these services outside the zone of tolerance area is unsatisfactory evaluation is being done. Conclusions - After all, Foodservice, the contact service management for zone of tolerance the top priority should be can be seen. Foodservice contact first in the case of service quality factors caused by the continuous flow of services, so this step-by-step identification needs to be clearer. This, of course, to distinguish between the actual per unit of activity appears to be more difficult to follow, for it seems to need a lot of future complementary. Next is the assessment of customer service quality. Customers remember the experience for the services of a real contact through the assessment and service evaluation clearly emerge as the expected level can be difficult. However, this situation is controlled by the test method cannot be avoided unless there is no limit to the number of leave. Despite these limitations, the next step to contact a service evaluation and analysis have to continue to refine and thereby franchisees for the operation of the store in terms of practical know-how required to provide to the office believe.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.689-696
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• 2003

Recently, Appendix A of ACI 318∼02 Code introduced the Strut-and-Tie Model(STM) procedure in shear design of deep flexural members. The STM procedure is widely used in the design of concrete regions where the distribution of longitudinal strains is significantly nonlinear, such as deep beams, beams with large openings, corbels, and dapped-end beams. Experimental study included five high-strength reinforced concrete deep beams with different detailing schemes for the horizontal and vertical reinforcement. The specimens were designed as simply supported beams subjected to concentrated loads on the top face and supported on the bottom face. At failure, all specimen exhibited primary diagonal crack running from the support region to the point load. Specimens which had mechanical anchorages(terminators) gives better representation of the load-carrying mechanism than the specimen had standard 90-degree anchorage at failure in deep flexural members. Based on the test results, shear design procedures contained in the ACI 318-99 Code, Appendix A of the ACI 318-02 Code, CSA A23.3-94 Code and CIRIA Guide-2 were evaluated. The Shear design of ACI 318-99 Code, Appendix A of the ACI 318-02 Code and CIRIA Guide-2 shown to be conservative predictions from 10% to 36% in the shear strength of the single-span deep beam which was tested. ACI 318-99 Code was the lowest standard deviation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.808-819
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine the stressors and coping strategies of school -age children and to explore the relationship between stressful life events and health symptoms and the effects of coping and trait anxiety which is theoretically considered to mediate the relationship between stress and health symptom. The study subjects consisted of 639 elementary school children in the fourth to sixth grade living in Seoul. Of the 639 subjects, 348 were boys and 291 were girls. The mean age was 11.35 (SD=.86). The Feel Bad Scale(FBS), Schoolager's Coping Strategy Inventory(SCSI), Spielberger's Trait Anxiety Scale for Children(STAIC), and Health Symptom Questionnaire (HSQ) were adapted for this study. A pilot study was undertaken to ascertain the reliability and validity of the instruments. The Cronbach alphas of FBS, SCSI, STAIC and HSQ were from .81 to .92. The Researcher and a research assistant visited the school and data were collected in the class using the questionnaire method after an explanation of the purpose and procedures was given to the children. Data collection was done during the period between Nov.25 to Dec.19, 1995. Using the SAS statistical program, percentages, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression were used for data analysis. The result are as follows : 1. The mean score for the FBS was 204.79(range : 48-472) and there was a significant difference according to grade. The most severe stressors perceived by children were parental divorce and death or illness of family members. The most frequently experienced stressful life events were conflict with siblings and being home alone. 2. The mean score for the SCSI was 57.36(range : 9-118) and there was a significant difference according to grade. The most frequently used, and perceived as helpful, coping strategies were distraction and cognitive activities. 3. The mean score for the HSQ were 20.7(range : 0-81) and there were significant differences according to grade and sex. The percentage of the children answering that they perceived their health state as not good was 3.9%. 4. The mean score for the STAIC was 33.76 and there were significant differences according to grade and sex. 5. There was a significant relationship between stressful life events and health symptoms ( r=.53, p<.01). Also, Stressful life events were postively related with coping strategies(r=.39, p<.01). Trait anxiety was highly correlated with health symptoms(r=.72, p<.01). 6. To examine the multivariate effects of the variables to health symptoms, multiple regression was performed. Stressful life events, coping, trait anxiety, and health concerns were identified as significant variables. Explanation of the health symptoms by these variables was 56.78%. The study revealed that stressful life events correlated with health symptoms in school-age children and coping and trait anxiety had mediating effects on this relationship. The implication for nursing is that there is a need to develop supportive interventions for high risk population to decrease health problems due to stress. Also, it is recommended that a study be conducted to explore protective factors for the prevention of health problems in children.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

Background : Since 2001 the Korean Association of Health Promotion has attempted to establish her own reference valves that can be used in her all fifteen branch laboratories instead of using those adapted from the published data or there commended data by the reagent companies supplied as inserts. However, the previous two reference values derived from the statistics(year 2001 and 2002) were need to adjust to apply to actual practice. Besides there was an unavoidable situation that the reagent has to be changed to other companies in 2002 that creates another statistical problem. Subsequently, the third attempt to derive the reference ranges of tests in KAHP to solve those problems and define common)v acceptable reference ranges was done and and reported here. Methods : Al1 the results performed during January 2, 2003 through September 30, 2003 were collected in Excel tile format. All the data include dthe necessary information such as age and sex. The age was grouped in six; baby(0-3y), children(4-l2y), adolescent(13-l8y), adult(19-S4y), younger elderly (65-79y),old elderly(oyer 80y), with references of statistics in medical informatics and WHO classification. The data were statistically analyzed with SAS 6.04 for-Gaussian distribution as the previous two occasions. None of the tests showed Gaussian distribution. These procedures had been repeated twice or three times after trimming out the results lying outside three standard deviations. Though, all the tests showed non-Gaussian distribution. Subsequently, the reference ranges were defined in the range from the point of lower 2.5% to the point of higher 97.5 %. And in case the lower range could be "0", the reference ranges were defined in the range of 0 to 95%.Results : The reference ranges of most of 56 test items were newly assigned. Also with adaptation of the recommendation of WHO etc. on fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin, cholesterol. Among these there were eight tests that needed reference ranges by the age groups and nine tests by the sex. Conclusions : The third attempt will credit more the reference range of all15 laboratories of Korean Association of Health Promotion, which will be essential part of the better service to the patient and clients to visit KAHP.