• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2009

Objectives : Yukmijihwang-tang (YJT) is known as a tonifying formula for reinforcement of yin deficiency conditions. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential acute toxicity of YJT in ICR male and female mice. Methods : We investigated the acute toxicity about boiling water-extracted YJT. The test article was orally administered once by gavage to 20 male and 20 female mice at dose levels of 0 (control group), 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg body weight. Mortalities, clinical findings, autopsy and body weight changes were monitored daily for the 14 days following the administration according to the Regulation of Korean Food and Drug Administration. Results : We observed survival rates, general toxicity, change of body weight, and autopsy. Single oral administration of YJT with different dosages, no animals died of the test drug. Autopsy of animal revealed no abnormal gross finding. Therefore, $LD_{50}$ value of YJT for ICR mice was more than 5000 mg/kg on oral route. Conclusions : These results suggest that no toxic dose level of YJT in mice is considered to be more than 5000 mg/kg. Consequently, it was concluded that YJT have no effect on acute toxicity and side effect in ICR mice.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2006

국내에서는 현재 샌드위치패널의 화재성능 평가를 위하여 KS F 2271(건축물의 내장재료 및 구조의 난연성 시험방법)을 사용하고 있다. 그 중 연기 및 연소독성가스에 대한 시험인 가스유해성 시험은, 건축 재료 및 내장재의 연소시 발생하는 가스의 유해성을 마우스의 평균 행동정지시간으로 측정하는 방법으로, 정량적인 방법이 아니므로 마우스의 상태나 시험조건에 따라 시험결과가 달라질 수 있다. ISO 5659-2 연소챔버 시험방법은 광학밀도를 정량적으로 측정할 수 있으며, FTIR을 이용한 유독가스 분석이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 ISO 5659-2 연소챔버 시험방법을 사용하여, 국내에서 일반적으로 사용되는 4종의 샌드위치패널 단열재의 광학밀도를 측정하여 각 시험체와 비교하였다. 또한, 시험체마다 3번의 시험 중 두 번째 시험시 FTIR 분석을 수행하여 HCl, $NO_2$ 등의 정량적 결과를 비교하였다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2015

Objectives: Radix Ginseng has been traditionally used as an adaptogen that acts on the adrenal cortex and stimulates or relaxes the nervous system to restore emotional and physical balance and to improve well-being in cases of degenerative disease and/or old age. Radix Ginseng has been used for a long time, but the safety of ginseng pharmacopuncture needs testing. This study was done to analyze the single-dose toxicity of water- soluble ginseng pharmacopuncture (GP) intramuscular injections in rats. Methods: All experiments were performed at Biotoxtech, an institution authorized to perform non clinical studies under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). Each group contained 10 Sprague-Dawley rats, 5 males and 5 females. GP was prepared in a sterile room at the Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute under regulations of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). GP dosages were 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mL for the experimental groups; normal saline was administered to the control group. The animals general condition was examined daily for 14 days, and the rats were weighed on the starting day and at 3, 7 and 14 days after administration of the pharmacopuncture. Hematological and biochemistry tests and autopsies were done to test the toxicological effect of GP after 14 days. This study was performed with approval from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of Biotextech. Results: No deaths were found in this single-dose toxicity test of intramuscular injections of GP, and no significant changes in the general conditions, body weights, hematological and biochemistry tests, and autopsies were observed. The local injection site showed no changes. Based on these results, the lethal dose was assumed to be over 1.0 mL/animal in both sexes. Conclusion: These results suggest that GP is relatively safe. Further studies, including a repeated toxicity test, are needed to provide more concrete evidence for the safety of GP.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2010

Neocaridina denticulata is a small freshwater shrimp indigenous to Korea. As an indigenous species has long-adapted to particular water environments, the species can be a suitable indicator to assess environmental risks caused by hazard chemicals in the particular site. Thus Neocaridina denticulata, a small freshwater shrimp indigenous to Korea, is worth considering for a test species for such purpose. N. denticulata were exposed to pentachlorophenol sodium salt, sodium azide and potassium dichromate using automatic flow-through system for 96 hours. The 96 hr lethal concentrations ($LC_{50}$) of these chemicals were calculated as $0.53{\pm}0.09\;mg/L$, $2.40{\pm}0.61\;mg/L$ and $1.21{\pm}0.09\;mg/L$ respectively and showed relatively small deviation from repetitive test results. When compared with the toxicity values of other species for each chemical, N. denticulata had moderate or high sensitivity to the toxicity of these chemicals. It can be concluded that N. denticulata is a good test species to evaluate acute toxicity of various hazardous chemicals.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.397-403
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• 2022

청가시덩굴은 청미래덩굴속에 속하며 청미래덩굴속 식물들은 전세계적으로 열대 및 아열대 지역에 서식하며 전통 의학에서 오랫동안 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 수컷과 암컷 ICR 마우스를 이용하여 청가시덩굴의 안전성을 확인하기 위해 청가시덩굴 추출물을 4주 동안 경구 투여하여 최대무독성용량을 평가하였다. 청가시덩굴 추출물을 500, 1000 및 2000 MPK 용량으로 4주 동안 매일 경구 투여한 결과 투여한 모든군에서 사망률, 임상 증상, 체중 변화, 섭취량, 혈액학적 분석, 혈청 생화학 검사 및 상대 장기 중량에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 본 연구에서 청가시덩굴 추출물은 ICR 마우스에서 어떠한 독성 효과도 나타내지 않았으며 청가시덩굴 추출물의 최대무독성용량은 2000 MPK 이상으로 간주되었음을 시사한다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.124-129
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• 1988

담수산 어류인 송사리(Oryzias latipes)에 대한 6개 농약의 급성독성을 7일동안 시간의 경과에 따라 측정, toxicity curve를 작성하여 각 농약의 시간의 경과에 따른 급성독성 발현의 현상을 평가하고 48시간 및 96시간 LC50값과 lethal threshold 농도와의 관계를 분석하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 농약의 toxicity curve를 중심으로 시간의 경과에 따른 급성독성값의 변화를 보면 butachlor가 120시간째, fenobucarb가 48시간째, chlorothalonil이 48시간째 lethalthreshold 농도를 나타내어, 각각 120시간, 48시간만에 급성독성현상이 더이상 시간의 경과에 따라 발현되지 않으나, 나머지 3개의 농약인 alachlor, diazinon, iprobenfos는 노출 7일 이후에도 계속 급성독성현상을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 이로써 6개의 농약에 대한 lethal threshold 농도는 butachlor 0.53 mg/l(0.49-0.57 mg/1), alfachlor 1.15 mg/1>, fenobucarb 10.3 mg/1(9.3-11.4 mg/1), diazinon 6.70mg/1>, chlorothalonil 0.085 mg/1(0.082-0.087 mg/1), iprobenfos 3.42 mg/1>이었다. 결국 노출시간 96시간이내에 독성현상이 발현되어 더이상 치사율이 증가하지 않은 농약은 6개중 2종류뿐이며 나머지 4개중 3개에서는 노출후 7일이 경과하여도 계속하여 독성이 발현됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2008

본 논문은 저서 단각류를 이용한 해양생태독성시험법 개발을 위하여 국내에 분포하는 후보종을 이용하여 수행된 일련의 생태독성시험결과를 제시하고, 이에 근거하여 퇴적물 독성시험을 위한 표준 시험종과 방법을 제시하였다. 퇴적물 독성평가를 위한 시험종으로는 저서단각류인 Mandibulophoxus mai, Monocorophium acherusicum 그리고 여러 국내산 단각류를 이용하였다. 시험법 개발 및 표준화를 위한 시험항목으로는 퇴적물 입도, 수온, 염분 및 암모니아에 대한 내성범위를 파악하기 위한 실험과 카드뮴과 같은 중금속이나 PAHs와 같은 유기오염물질에 대한 민감도를 파악하기 위한 실험이 포함되었다. 시험 결과 두 종 모두 여러 환경요인에 대한 적합한 내성과 민감도를 갖고 있어 퇴적물 시험종으로서 활용이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 최종적으로 이들 저서 단각류의 현장 적용성 평가를 위해서 다양한 오염도를 갖는 현장 퇴적물에서 10일간 노출한 이후 사망독성을 평가하고, 오염정도와 생물반응의 관계성 등을 분석하였다. 두 종을 비교한 결과, 민감도의 측면에서는 M. mai가, 시험생물 공급, 배양, 유지 및 실험수행의 편의성에서는 M. acherusicum이 상대적으로 뛰어난 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 두 종 모두 10일간의 퇴적물 사망 독성시험의 시험종으로서 충분한 적합성을 갖고 있는 것으로 판단할 수 있다. 본 연구결과는 향후 단각류를 이용한 퇴적물 공정시험법의 작성에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

A rapid, inexpensive enzymatic method is proposed for indirect water quality testing in terms of heavy metal toxicity. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was applied for heavy metal toxicity test as an effective criterion in water quality. The toxicity of Pb (lead) and Cd (cadmium) for water flea, Moina macrocopa, were evaluated for $2{\sim}8\;days$ with variables of mobilization ability. And the reproduction impairment of Moina macrocopa were investigated as the parameter of chronic toxicity twst for Pb and Cd. As a result, the $EC_{50}$ for immobilization of Moina macrocopa were Pb and Cd were 1.6749 and 0.4683, respectively. The values of reproducive impairment to Moina macrocopa for Pb and Cd were 9.5938 and 8.3264 in $EC_{50}$. A significant alteration of G6PDH (Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) activity of Moina macrocopa was observed when Cd and Pb were treated in media. The results obtained indicate that G6PDH activity of Moina macrocopa can be used as an indicative parameter in aquatic toxicity tests for heavy metals.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1998

CJ50001 is a recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating facto, (rHuG-CSF) that stimulates the formation of neutrophils from bone marrow stem cells. It was produced in E. colt and purified through refolding and several processes. We produced CS970125(300) using purified C150001 and additives in order to test the stability of CJ50001. When CS970125(300) was stored at 50'S for more than 1 week, high molecular weight proteins were formed and those proteins were detected by non-reducing SDS-PAGE, gel filtration HPLC, and Western blot. Those proteins showed single band at the same position of CJ50001 in reducing SDS-PAGE. These data indicated that those high molecular weight proteins were the multimers of C150001. In biological assays, iu viro and in viro, the multimers did not have biological activity and inhibitory action to that of CJ 50001. The mutimers did not induce toxicity in mice and rats in acute toxicity test. These results suggest that if Cs970125(300) containing CJ50001 is stored at 5$0^{\circ}C$, CJ50001 will be the multimers that do not have biological activity and inhibitory effect to CJ50001 and do not induce acute toxicity.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.244-253
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• 2010

The quality of marine sediments from the industrialized coastal areas of Korea (Ulsan Bay, Masan Bay, and artificial Lake Shihwa) was investigated using a bacterial bioluminescence toxicity test. Sediment toxicity results were compared with the levels of chemical contamination (trace metals, organic wastewater markers, acid volatile sulfides, total organic carbon). Effective concentration 50% (EC50) of sediments ranged from 0.014 to 1.126 mg/mL, which is comparable to or lower than values in contaminated lakes, rivers, and marine sediments of other countries. Sediment reference index (SRI) ranged from 13 to 1044, based on the EC50 of the negative control sample. Mean average SRI values in Masan Bay and Lake Shihwa were approximately 8 and 9 times as high as that in Ulsan Bay, indicating higher sediment toxicity and greater contamination in the two former regions. Sediment toxicity were strongly associated with the concentrations of some chemicals, suggesting that this test may be useful for determining potential chemical contamination in sediments.