• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.247-260
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• 2024

In real life, the concepts of number range and approximation are frequently used. These concepts are closely related to various mathematical concepts, and the need for research on the defining and learning of these related terms is emphasized. The learning contents of seven mathematical terms related to the range of numbers and approximation were analyzed, focusing on the definition of terms and the context of real life. As a result of analyzing the contents of 10 currently used elementary school mathematics textbooks, the lessons were organized according to the achievement standards presented in the curriculum, but the composition and order, real-life context, examples used in definitions, and the highlighted parts and directions of the activities varied depending on the author's intent. Based on the analysis results, implications for textbook writing and classroom instruction were presented.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.32
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• pp.29-56
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• 2006

This article primarily concerns the various aspects of the rules to control express terms particularly in standard form which seek to absolve either wholly or in part from the seller's liability for non-conforming goods. It describes and analyzes in detail how English law regulates such terms. In this analysis, it places the following questions; first, whether each jurisdiction treats the seller's liability for non-conformity in quality and quantity as mandatory rules, second, if it does, to what extent it is treated so and third, if not, in what way it controls the seller's attempt to exclude or restrict his liability for non-conformity in quality and quantity. In addition, it attempts to compare the rules under English law with those under Korean law and to evaluate them in light of the discipline of comparative law. In an attempt to evaluate them, it asks the question of whether a solution from one jurisdiction may facilitate the systematic development and reform of another jurisdiction. The evaluation is based upon the idea that the problems of fairness associated with the use of standard terms occur where the customer is unfairly taken by surprise due to his ignorance of the terms, or where even if he knows of the substance of the terms and objects to it, he is met with a take-it-or-leave-it situation.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2013

User-created text data are increasing rapidly caused by development of social media. In opinion mining, User's opinions are extracted by analyzing user's text. A primary goal of sentiment analysis as a branch of opinion mining is to extract user's opinions from a text that is required to build a list of emotion terms. In this paper, we built a list of emotion terms to analyse a sentiment of social media using Facebook as a representative social media. We collected data from Facebook and selected a emotion terms, and measured the dimensions of valence and activation through a survey. As a result, we built a list of 267 emotion terms including the dimension of valence and activation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.209-215
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to examine the level of use of essential oriental nursing terms and related characteristics among nurses in oriental medicine (OM) hospitals. Method: A cross-sectional survey design with convenience sampling was employed. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 315 nurses in seven university-affiliated OM hospitals. The questionnaire included 174 oriental nursing terms about actions, tests, drugs, and theories. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with the level of use. Results: The response rate was 98.1% (n=309). Overall mean score for use of essential oriental nursing terms was 2.7(${\pm}\;0.7$) on a five-point Likert scale. Significant factors associated with the level of use were workplace and knowledge of oriental nursing theory terms. Nurses who worked in nursing care wards and those who had a higher level of knowledge of oriental nursing theories had a higher level of use. Conclusions: These findings indicate that level of use of essential oriental nursing terms were below average. Educational programs to enhance knowledge of oriental nursing theories need to be implemented for nurses in OM hospitals, considering their workplace, in order to facilitate nursing data sharing and communication among healthcare providers.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.495-507
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• 1998

This article intends to review what problems the terms in calculus have and how those problems are caused. For this purpose We make examinations on the considerations in the analysis of mathematical terminology, which includes the problems of general and technical terms, the meaning and the boundary of words, their consistency, the name and meaning, concept and their concept images, translations and qwerty effects. And in chapter 3, We analyse the textbook which are currently used, through which I was able to find out that the terms in calculus have some problems, In other words, the key terms such as "differentiable", "differential coefficient", "differential" have their roots in the term "differential" but the term "derived function" is very distinct from other terms and thus obstructs the consistency of terms. And the central term "differential" is being used without clear definition. In particular, the fact that "differential", when used in its arbitrary definition, has the image of "splitting minutely" can be an obstacle to understanding the exact concepts of calculus. In chapter 4, We make a review on the history of calculus and the term "differential" currently used in modern mathematics so that I can identify the origin of the problem connected with the usage of the term "differential". We should recognize the specified problems and its causes and keep their instructional implications in mind. Furthermore, following researches and discussions should be made on whether the terminology system of calculus should be reestablished and how the reestablishment should be made.e terminology system of calculus should be reestablished and how the reestablishment should be made.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.299-307
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• 2011

This article aimed to provide objective and practical information on wood terms of making furniture focusing on the wood species that furniture designers and firms in Korea have used to create furniture from the traditional up to the modern times. Through the content analysis method with wood information from literature related to furniture at home and abroad, studios of making the traditional Korean furniture, domestic furniture firms, and the catalogues of Korean crafts council and Korea furniture society, the wood species of making furniture was studied in the terms showing the number of the species classified in needle leaf tree and broad leaf tree. As a result, the furniture wood terms were analyzed about 230 species including 200 broad leaf tree and 30 needle leaf tree. 74 out of 100 domestic species studied have been used from the traditional up to the modern time for creating the traditional Korean wood furniture. The 230 species were classified by such detailed uses as furniture mainly and the related small objects, interiors, architecture, exteriors, materials like plywood, toys, musical instrument, exercise equipment, household items, and so on. In addition, some of the terms were clarified such as Madika to Jelutong, Karin to Paudauk and Narra, Red sandalwood to Indian rose wood, and Cherry blossoms from home, the same family as Cherry from abroad but the different species, and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.10 s.212
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• pp.155-165
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze difference in clothing preference based on the perceived body types. The objects of this study were to prepare for the establishment of a marketing strategy and alternative plan intended for users operating in a subdivided market, after analyzing the differences in clothing preference based on the perceived body types. The respondents comprised 192 female adults, who were residents in Busan. The questionnaire was composed of three sections: style, textile, and color of clothing. Data were analyzed by frequency, factor analysis, cluster analysis, discriminate analysis, and ANOVA. Cluster analysis was employed to identify groups of respondents based on the five delineated measure items. Based on the findings, three distinct groups were formed: thin, normal, and obese. The result of this study showed statistically significant differences among the three groups in terms of style, textile, and color of clothing, as well as in terms of demographic characteristics. Marketing and management implications for effectively targeting the segments are discussed.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.403-419
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• 2009

Short column effect is cause to failure of columns which may result in severe damages or even collapse during earthquakes. The scope of the study is mainly to reveal the effect of short column on the holistic behaviour of the buildings. The nonlinear analysis of 31 different frame buildings containing short column problem are carried out using finite element method. The finite element models were selected by 2 bays and 3 stories. Since the short columns are generally seen in the first storey of the buildings, in the study, they are only constructed in the same storey. The adverse effect of the short column on the response of buildings was shown in terms of the total load factor and displacement capacity of building. The response of buildings in terms of ground storey displacements is presented in figures and discussed. It is revealed that if the window openings are constructed along the bays, the total load capacity is decreased 85% compared with reference model in which all of bays are filled with infill walls.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.266-281
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• 2017

Hydroelastic interactions of a deformable floating body with random waves are investigated in time domain. Both hydroelastic motion and structural dynamics are solved by expansion of elastic modes and Fourier transform for the random waves. A direct and efficient structural analysis in time domain is developed. In particular, an efficient way of obtaining distributive loads for the hydrodynamic integral terms including convolution integral by using Fubini theory is explained. After confirming correctness of respective loading components, calculations of full distributions of loads in random waves are expedited by reformulating all the body loading terms into distributed forms. The method is validated by extensive convergence tests and comparisons against the counterparts of the frequency-domain analysis. Characteristics of motion/deformation responses and stress resultants are investigated through a parametric study with varying bending rigidity and types of random waves. Relative contributions of componential loads are identified. The consequence of elastic-mode resonance is underscored.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.71-85
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• 2006

Collaborative filtering, among other recommender systems, has been known as the most successful recommendation technique. However, it requires the user-item rating data, which may not be easily available. As an alternative, some collaborative filtering algorithms have been developed recently by utilizing the market basket data in the form of the binary user-item matrix. Viewing the recommendation scheme as a two-class classification problem, we proposed a new collaborative filtering scheme using a regularized discriminant analysis applied to the binary user-item data. The proposed discriminant model was built in terms of the major principal components and was used for predicting the probability of purchasing a particular item by an active user. The proposed scheme was illustrated with two modified real data sets and its performance was compared with the existing user-based approach in terms of the recommendation precision.