• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2013

Yaksun, a medicinal diet, has been traditionally prepared and applied (based on theories in oriental medicine) for the modulation of disease symptoms and signs. However, restaurants that serve and claim Yaksun mainly focus on stamina foods. A consistent definition of Yaksun has not been provided, which can confuse the public interpretation of Yaksun. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of Yaksun in Korean adults living in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Chungbuk regions. Among the participants (M=55, F=168, 25y), only 10.4% understood the definition of Yaksun (mainly through the broadcast media). The frequency of Yaksun consumed when eating out was 2~3 times per month in 50.2% of participants. The main reason for choosing a Yaksun menu (46.3% of participants) when eating out was for health. The mean satisfaction score of Yaksun was $3.5{\pm}0.8$ on the five point Likert scale. Participants highly agreed ($3.8{\pm}0.8$) that Yaksun is composed of nutritious foods combined with oriental medicinal herbs for the treatment of disease, which was significantly higher in groups with learning experience on Yaksun (p<0.05). Interestingly, participants showed neutral to the description, that a diet without oriental medicinal herbs is not Yaksun ($3.1{\pm}1.0$), which was significantly different between genders (p<0.05). Men recognized more than women that Yaksun should be based on oriental medical theory (p<0.05) and should be prepared for the prevention or treatment of diseases (p<0.05). In conclusion, the concept and terminology of Yaksun need to be defined and publicized in modern diet.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2024

The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRCT) is crucial for cytopathologists to use a standardized, category-based reporting system for thyroid fine needle aspirations and is effective for clear communication with the referring physicians. The new Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology, the third edition in 2023, provides several key updates. The most important update is the assignment of only single name for each of the six diagnostic categories: (I) nondiagnostic; (II) benign; (III) atypia of undetermined significance; (IV) follicular neoplasm; (V) suspicious for malignancy; and (VI) malignant. An implied risk of malignancy (ROM) for each of six categories has been updated based on extensively published data since the second edition of TBSRTC in 2017 and offers both an average ROM for each category and the expected range of cancer risk. Estimated final ROM after excluding "Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary Like Nuclear Features (NIFTP)" for each of six categories has been updated based on the reported mean decreases in the ROM if excluding NIFTP. For atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) category, the subcategorization is simplified and more formalized into 2 subgroups, AUS-nuclear atypia or AUS-other, based on the implied ROM and molecular profiling. For the pediatric thyroid disease, pediatric ROMs and management algorithms are newly added for the same six reporting categories for this age group. New or revised disease nomenclatures including high-grade follicular-derived carcinoma has been updated according to the recently published 2022 World Health Organization Classification of Thyroid Neoplasms. Brand new two chapters are added including clinical perspectives and imaging studies (Chap. 13) and the use of molecular and other ancillary tests (Chap. 14). The atlas is updated with new images to illustrate more effectively for new disease entity and diagnostic criteria.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2023

유방영상 판독과 자료 체계(Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System; 이하 BI-RADS)는 유방영상 판독의 표준화 및 판독 질 관리를 위해 유방 병변의 특성을 기술하는 용어 사전(lexicon), 평가 범주(assessment category) 및 처치(management)를 위한 권고들을 제시한 시스템이다. 판독의는 BI-RADS에서 권장하는 표준화된 용어를 이용하여 검사 결과를 임상의에게 간결하고 재현 가능하게 전달할 수 있고, 평가 범주 판정을 통하여 검사에서 발견된 병변이 악성일 가능성을 추정된 확률로 제공하고 이에 따른 처치를 권고할 수 있다. 현재 사용 중인 BI-RADS 5판이 가지는 한계는 표준화된 용어 사전이 정립되지 않은 일부 영역들이 존재한다는 것과 MRI 판정 범주 3-4의 평가 기준이 유방촬영술이나 초음파의 기준에 비해 모호하다는 점이다. BI-RADS의 다음 개정판에는 이러한 한계들을 극복하기 위한 개선안이 포함될 것으로 예상한다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.17-37
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• 2017

Purpose: This study describes current curricula for paramedic students in South Korea and proposes a standardization of the curriculum. Methods: Data were collected from 38 colleges and universities from March 1 to 31, 2016. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS 23.0. Results: The proposed standard curriculum was below. Requisite liberal arts consisted of 2 subjects and 6 credits including biomedical ethics, communications and human relationships. Common major subjects were composed of 6 areas, 22 subjects, and 78 credits. The areas of basic medicine consisted of 6 subjects and 16 credits including medical terminology. Introduction to paramedicine consisted of 3 subjects and 7 credits. Emergency patient management consisted of 2 subjects and 9 credits. Particulars to paramedic care consisted of 8 subjects and 31 credits. The law area consisted of 1 subject and 3 credits. Other major areas consisted of 2 subjects and 12 credits including integrated simulation and physician assistance. Common field practice area consisted of 3 to 4 subjects and 9 to 12 credits. Conclusion: It is important to establish and adapt a standardized curriculum for paramedic students in order to ensure competence and to provide high quality emergency medical services.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.46-50
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• 2009

암종화 과정 중 침윤성 암종의 발생에 선행하는, 형태학적으로 인지되는 병변이 전암병변이다. 그러나 전암병변의 임상적인 중요성에도 불구하고 전암병변에 대한 목록이나 분류에 대한 노력은 거의 전무한 실정이었다. 2001년 미국암연구소 주최 전암병변의 분류에 대한 모임에서는 전암 병변이나 비침윤성 병변에 대한 통일된 전문용어가 없음을 결론짓고 모든 주요 장기에서 전암병변의 용어와 진단 기준에 대한 협약을 할 것을 권고하였다. 이 모임에서 결정된 바에 의하면 모든 전암병변이 종양으로 진행되는 것은 아니라는 것이다. 그리고 한편으로는 종양으로서의 특성이 명확히 밝혀지지는 않았으나 암과 밀접하게 연관이 있는 것으로 밝혀진 미만성의 증식성 병변도 전암병변으로 분류하였다. 본 종설은 이러한 전암병변의 정의 및 분류 체계에 맞추어 인체의 주요 장기인 위에서의 전암병변을 분류하고 그 임상적 의의를 알아보고자 한다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2012

초점성 분절성 사구체 경화증(focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; FSGS)은 경화증을 주 병변으로 하는 질환으로서 일차성 사구체 질환의 하나이면서 진행된 사구체 질환의 형태적 변화를 기술하는 단어로도 사용되고 있다. 사구체에는 경화증, 유리질 형성, 거품세포의 출현, 발세포의 공포화, 광륜형성 등이 보이고, 간질의 섬유화와 염증세포의 침윤, 세뇨관의 위축, 혈관의 비후 및 내막 섬유화 등을 특징으로 한다. 면역형광검사에서 부분적으로 IgM과 C3 등의 침착을 보이지만 면역관련 질환은 아니다. 전자현미경 검사에서는 발세포의 손상 현상으로 세포질 내의 공포화와 족돌기가 상실되는 것이 중요 소견이다. 2004년 표준화 된 FSGS의 분류는 과거의 형태학적 변형들을 모아서 임상과의 상관관계를 지웠다. 그 결과 tip형이 가장 예후가 좋으며, collapsing형이 가장 나쁜 것으로 알려졌다. 그러나 이 분류가 증례에 따라서는 적용하기가 애매한 경우가 많고, collapsing형을 FSGS에 분류하는 것에 대한 반론 등이 제기되고 있다. 한편, 임상적으로는 FSGS를 원인에 따라 분류하여 거꾸로 형태학적 공통점을 찾으려는 노력을 하고 있다. 사구체의 수가 적어서 일어나는 과여과로 인한 FSGS는 perihilar형이 많고 유전적 질환에 의한 것은 diffuse mesangial sclerosis가 특징인 것으로 주장되고 있다. FSGS는 이와 같이 아직도 밝혀져야 할 것이 많은 질환이며, 계속적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 필요가 있다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2018

Background: This study aims to conduct curriculum analysis on health management schools focusing on relationship with licence and certification in Republic of Korea. Methods: Possible employment field, licence and certification as well as curriculum were collected from the home page of 30 health management schools. The subjects and credits of curriculum were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Main subjects by areas were drew using categorization and ranking within qualitative methods. Comparative analysis was conducted for checking relationship between main subject and possible employment field, licence and certification. Results: First, major employment fields after graduation were public health officer, general hospital and clinic, and National Health Insurance Service. Possible licence and certificate were hospital administrator, medical recorder, health education specialist, and medical insurance specialist. Second, total graduate credits were 133.9 including 79.0 for major education, 30.5 for of general education, and 30.5 for elective courses. Third, main subjects were reviewed by areas including basic medicine, health management, hospital business & management, medical records & information, insurance billing & assessment, healthcare marketing & tourism, and health education. There were highest number of subjects on health education area among 8 categories. By subjects, many health management schools open health law, medical terminology, introduction to public health, and biostatistics. Relationship between main subjects and possible employment field, licence and certification in health management schools was strong. Conclusion: It is necessary to review curriculum and for improving educational quality in health management schools. Also, development of curriculum standards for courses in health administration and introduction of accreditation system can be considered.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2006

Parallel testing means ordering a number of tests at the same time so abnormalities in any of the tests can be found quickly and used in making the diagnosis. This is a good medical strategy to eliminate diseases and it is relatively inexpensive if all the tests are potential sources of information and performed on the same analyzer. In regression, the equation for the straight line is recast as y = bx + a. This change in terminology leads to confusion. Here a is the y-intercept or constant and b is the coefficient or slope of the line. A few more words of caution about regression - as in all of statistics there are certain assumptions: the x value is a true measure, both X and Y distributions are normal, and homoscedasticity, i.e., the variance of y is the same for each value of x. In this study the linearity classification made by different scientists were always in agreement. Typical examples of curves that were considered linear are presented in Fig. 1-5. Because these automated procedures values were usually within five percent of each other the curvature could be easily detected. The plot of the WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet concentrations from approximately 74.4 to $0{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$ and $80.4-0{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$, $5.6-0{\times}10^6/{\mu}L$ and $6.1-0{\times}1106/{\mu}L$, 18.3-0 g/dL and 19.0-0 g/dL, 54.1-0% and 56.8-0% and 642.0 to $0.03{\times}10^3{\mu}L$ and $754.0-0{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$ on the ADVIA 2120 C Versus and A and B typical of an acceptable linear study as shown in Fig. 1-5. The grand mean of R2, intercept and slope is 0.99898, 0.99459 and 1.54626.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1999

각 염색체에 특이한 DNA probe를 이용하는 FISH기법은 방사선에 의해 유발된 상호전좌 및 삽입 등의 염색체의 구조적 변화를 측정하는 매우 효과적인 방법으로서 그 활용성이 증가되고 있다. 본연구는 방사선 피폭시 생물학적 선량측정법으로서 FISH기법을 활용하기 위하여 사람의 1, 2, 4번 염색체에 특이한 probe를 이용하여 고선량 단일 피폭시 유발된 각종 염색체 이상빈도를 관찰하고 이를 PAINT분류체계에 의해 분석하였다. 방사선 조사에 의한 염색체 이상빈도는 상호전좌(t)와 이동원염색체(dic)의 수가 선량 증가에 따라 같이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있으며 color junction의 수도 선량에 따라 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 상호전좌의 빈도는 이동원 염색체의 빈도보다 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 삽입(ins), 무동원염색체(ace), 및 환상염색체(r)의 수도 선량 증가에 따라 같이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 기존의 염색체재배열 분석방법과 비교해 볼 때 FISH기법은 다양한 형태의 염색체재해열을 보다 쉽게 관찰할 수 있게 하며 생물학적 선량제로서 중요한 역할을 할 것이라 기대된다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge contents of basic nursing sciences needed by nurses in the practices of the intensive care unit(ICU). To attain the goal of this study, the nurses working at 10 hospitals in the areas of Seoul and Kangwon Province were randomly selected. They were primarily interviewed, and the open question was secondarily put to them through the questionnaire. In the process of the 1st interview, the interviewees were asked of the question, "What is the knowledge of basic sciences such as anatomy, pathology, physiology. microbiology, pharmacology and the like thought to be lacking when you communicate with doctors in the ICU and when you carry out your nursing practices in it?" The contents of the interview were tape-recorded. The period of data collection ranged from May 1, 2001 to Sept 30. The interviews were conducted with total of 20 nurses. The open-end questionnaire was secondarily mailed to nurses. 113 questionnaires were returned. 100 questionnaires except 13 ones thought to be poorly completed in content were used for data analysis. Three coders classified data obtained from the interview and the questionnaire research into 5 detailed items relating to such as anatomical physiology, pathology, pharmacology. microbiology and basics of nursing. The three coders had experiences in nursing education of 18 years, 8 years and 6 years, respectively, and of them one coder was professor in basic nursing sciences. Data were statistically treated using frequency analysis and percentage by the SAS program. As a result, the following findings were obtained : It was found that the contents that ICU nurses responded were most needed in the field of Human structure and function were water and electrolytic balance(38%), blood and circulatory system(20%), changer in the patient's skin(12%), the arrangement of the human body(10%) and the endocrine system(10%), nervous system(6%), and assessment of the state of the patient's consciousness(4%). It was found that the contents that ICU nurses responded were most needed in the field of pathology were found to be the process of the progress of the disease(32%), symptoms of the disease(27%), prognosis of the disease(22%), followed by the injury-healing process, clinical pathological examination, and examination by radiation. It was found that the contents that nurses responded were most needed in the field of pharmacology were the effect of drug(25%), the side effect of drug(22%), the relationship between diseases and drug(20%), the relationship between disease-causing bacteria and drug(20%) and chemotherapy(2%). It was found that the contents that ICU nurses responded were most needed in the field of microbiology were the relationship between diseases and disease-causing bacteria(45%), Kinds and characteristics of disease-causing bacteria(18%), infection control(16%), application of the aseptic technique(12%), isolation(9%) and the like. It was found that the basic knowledge that ICU nurses responded were needed were the identification of the patient's current state(36%), understanding of the therapeutic process(22%), the operating principle of medical equipment and instrument(20%), medical terminology(9%), equipment and instrument management(7%), calculation of the dose of injection(2%) and the like.